urban planning and disaster
TRANSCRIPT
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Sushil PoudelProgram Manager-Technical/Infrastructure
Member-Tearfund Urban Working Group
Disaster and Urban Planning Isolation to Integration
Info Share Session: Urban Working Group8th Nov 2016
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Personal Profile• Jr Engineer: EU Supported Irrigation Project – 1999• Municipal Engineer – Pokhara Sub Metro- Head of Department for Environment Sanitation and Waste Management- Team Member Initiating Implementation of National Building Code- Initiated Very first Formal PPP project in MSWM- Headed the Agriculture, Forestry and Environment Subject Committee under Municipal Council
• FCG International (SEAM-N) Integrated Urban Development Management Expert- Developed IUDMP Framework (Piloted & Tested in 2 Municipalities in Nepal)
• SWM/Operation Management Expert – World bank/Ministry of Urban Development (GPOBA)
- Service Improvement Plans and Financial Sustainability of MSWM System
• Shelter/NFI Lead – LWF- Relief and Recovery Plan for Shelter/NFI (Proposals & Budgeting)
• Program Manager-Technical/Infrastructure (Previous Shelter Project Manager)- Developed Comprehensive Capacity Development Package (Mason’s training, Demo, Model House,
Community Orientation) for Safer Construction- First Agency to complete Mason’s Training/Model House Construction/Housing Grant Distribution
Academic Diploma in Civil Engineering- IOE, TU Nepal
Bachelors in Civil Engineering – IOE, TU Nepal
Masters in Development Management – AIM, Manila , Philippines
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The Challenge of Urban Response
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC6BtmNg33g
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Why Urban…Developing Countries &…..
Small & Medium Sized Cities• Unprecedented Population Growth* (UNDESA)• Development World Centric Expansion* (UN
2014)• Small and Medium Sized City Accumulation*
(IFRC 2010-WDR)• Haphazard Urbanization Key Driver for
Disaster Losses* (IPCC 2012) • Nearly A billion Slums live in Informal
Settlements
* See Notes
Recent Urban Disasters- Haiti, Pakistan, Nepal
& so on..
Urban Uniqueness: Practices, Assumptions
& Standards
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What Makes Urban Different ???• Demography- Population Density (More population more to respond)- Mobility (Mobile Population)- Assessment Difficulties (Beneficiary Identification)
• Socio-Economy- Income Disparities/Informal settlements- Limited Interconnectedness (Individualistic): Community
Mobilization Dynamics- Land Ownership and Rented Status- Violence- Cash and Market- Skills and Capacities- Food Dependency (Limited or No food production)
• Physical Development- Buildings and Infrastructures (More Infras more to
respond and recover)- Congestion
• Political - Access to Power (Proximate Government)- Multiple Actors/Interests
• Environmental - Natural Resources- Pollution
• Technology- Means of Technology- Access to Information & Communication
VulnerabilitiesHazardsOpportunities
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It is just a myth that the size and speed at which a city grows that determines environmental problems but the quality of its governance (WDR, 2010).
Appropriate Planning & Management can convert these chaotic urbanization into liveable cities
Leveraging urbanization for structural transformation (Habitat III-NUA)
I would rather say ‘Leveraging urbanization for systemic transformation’
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Where We Are ???
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Traditional Urban Planning Process: Actually Contemporary
Limited Expert Judgement
Limited Assessments
and Study
More Reactive Less Proactive
Isolated Planning - Less Integrated : Separate Theme
Isolated Approach
Less Participatory: Extreme
Supply/Demand Driven Physical Development Focused: Less
Considers Environmental Sustainability and Social Equity
even Economic Prosperity
Municipal Council
Approval of the Plan
Municipality
Discussion and Analysis- Stakeholders (Dev Partners & NGOs)- 5 Subject Committees(Infra Dev; Ag Forestry & Environment; Demographics & Social; Organization & Admin, and Land and Water
Resource)
Wards
Stakeholders Workshop for Project IdentificationCriteria - Immediate Benefit- Employment- Income Gen.- Local Skill and Resource- Environment- Underprivileged Needs
Municipality
Review and Plan Internal Resource and
Revenue
National Planning
Commission
- Budget Ceiling- General Guidelines (Not Urban Specific)
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Roads & Transportation
Urban Priorities
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Modern (!) Urban Planning (Considers
Environment)
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Integrated Urban Development Management Planning for
Sustainable Cities
Imple
men
tatio
n,
Mon
itorin
g &
Evalu
ation
Political
Commitment
Preparatory
Phase
Background Study & Situation Analysis
Problem Identification & Analysis (P-S-I)
Response Analysis (R)
Prioritization
Preparation of Implementation
Plan of Activities with
target
Final Approval of the Plan
Implementation of the plan
M&E
IUDMP Cycle Physical, Socio-economic & ecological impact is considered
SWOT
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Driving Force(Socio-Economic Development to
fulfill human needs/demands) e.g. Demographic, Industry,
Urbanization
Pressures (& Challenges)(Environmental, Social &
Economic Pressures due to socio-economic development) e.g. land use, consumption,
pollution, emission
State(Ecosystem, Physical Dev,
Socio-Economy) e.g. Quality/Quantity of
Air/Water/Land
ImpactSociety, Economy
& Ecology
ResponsePolicy, Planning &
technology for Adaptation & Mitigation
D-P-S-I-R for Urban Planning
(Sustainable Cities)
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IUDMP Framework
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Differing Urban Priorities
DRRM is Still an Isolated/Missing Theme
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In Such….How to Respond Urban Disaster in Most Efficient Way !!!
Rules Yet to be Drafted
Existing Development Planning Approach
Are they efficient enough?
Are we getting most out of it?
Does it considers development as a
‘System’?Existing DRRM Approach
Are they efficient enough?
Are we getting most out of it?
Are there some other way making it
effective, accessible, affordable and
efficient?
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Revisiting our Paradigm…
Considering complex interactions between urban ecology, urban disaster risk and physical development of the city.
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Because…..
• We are seeing, in effect, the urbanization of disasters and disaster risk (WDR 2010).
• Urban resilience should not only be limited to disaster risk reduction, adaptation and management (CCA) as an isolated theme but could be made part of regular urban development throughout the whole project cycle.
Economic Opportunities
Environmental Externalities
Ecological Imbalance
Mismanagement
Inadequately Planned
Urbanization
Vulnerabilities to Natural Disaster
Addressing the Impact not the root
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How it Can Work
DRR• Interdepartmental DRR
Mainstreaming • Integrated Approach
(Integrating DRR considerations in Development) • Systemic Consideration
(Recharge pond shouldn’t instigate erosion)
Preparedness• Assumptions• Standards• Operating Procedures
Response• Mobilization• Assessments• Targeting• Communication &
Coordination• M&E• Linkages to
Development
Rethinking…….
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….. And Development
Reinvigorating The way we plan, finance, develop, govern, and manage cities and human settlements
(Habitat III-NUA)• Plan-Integrated/Holistic• Finance- !!! May be Partnership & Collaboration• Governance: Community Centred (Sang Sangai in Nepal)
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Reinvigorating Urban Development Planning
Integrating (Environmental Sustainability &) Resilience into Urban Periodic Planning
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Integrated Urban Development Planning Cycle
Preparatory
Phase
Background Study & Situation Analysis
Problem Identification & Analysis (P-S-I)
Response Analysis (R)
Prioritization
Preparation of Implementation
Plan of Activities with
target
Final Approval of the Plan
Implementation of the plan
M&E
Sustainable and Resilient
City
HVCA
Common P-S Elements for Urban Environment and Disaster
Indicators for Urban Environment and Resilience @ each stages of
project cycle
Planning Approach
Impact/Outcome Considered
Traditional Physical Dev
Modern Physical, Social, Economic & Ecological
Sustainable & Resilient
Physical, Social, Economic, Ecological & Disaster
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HVCA as a Part of P-S-I Analysis
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Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Sustainability
Resilience
Urban Priorities: Sustainable & Resilient Cities
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We Can Change the Game…..Together
….…Least the Rule of Game