Interiors URBAN

Rediscovering Downtown Living

Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings

Rooftop Gardens

An exclusive look at downtown revitalization in Winston-Salem, NC

Contents Letter from the Editor

Design Thesis

Elements of Design Line

Texture

Light

Color

Space

Shape

Form

Principles of Design Balance

Harmony

Emphasis

Rhythm

Scale

Massing

Proportion

Letter from the Editor . . . . . 1

Design Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Elements of Design

Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Texture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Principles of Design

Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Harmony . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Emphasis . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Massing . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Rhythm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Proportion . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

H Letter from the Editor

Hello readers! I'm Hannah Faye Sanders. Ever since I was

little, I've always been surrounded by art and creativity. My

mother is a graphic designer and by father is a

photographer, so I'm always seeing and learning about all

the elements and principles of design! Not only does

having an artistic family inspire me be creative, but also

growing up in a city that is notoriously know as “The City

of the Arts” also known as Winston-Salem has made me

love it as well. Over the years, I have grown to love the

idea of designing interiors of buildings and living areas.

Ever since then I have noticed more and more the elements

found throughout the downtown arts district of Winston-

Salem as well as the principles of design. That's why I have

created this magazine to show how you can incorporate all

of these design element and principles into interiors of

urban living!

Hannah Faye Sanders, editor

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W Design Thesis

With the Winter season fast approaching, and as many of us in the design industry are wrapping up our calendar year, let us not forget to recognize this final quarter of the year as a time of preparation for the upcoming year. This is the time to consider prospecting for new clients, doing a little rain dance to attract RFPs, completing existing projects that may lead to phase 2 as the calendar rolls over and simply discovering new and exciting opportunities for future business.

Along with preparation and discovery, the final quarter of the year is traditionally a time we at Urban Interiors set aside to research industry trends and understanding their significance to your community and to your business. When researching new trends you can anticipate both the familiar and perhaps the not so familiar as applied to Elements of Design and Principles of Design. However, who among us can dare say they know everything there is to know about lines, texture and space or have mastered all aspects of balance, harmony and rhythm – pertaining to elements and principles of design? Interior design can be compared to other aspects of art; either we are imitating what has already been done, or we are responding to a desire to achieve the new and the different. In art we see it the finished expression on the canvas, in design we see it in the expression and texture of our environment. And all of this brings us to this current edition as Urban Interiors explores new trends in

our urban environments by highlighting one community and its efforts to resurrect historic buildings in the midst of a thriving downtown through an adaptive reuse approach to design - all while respecting the past histories, the present needs and the future potential of the community. Join me as we discover Winston- Salem and quickly feel the visceral textures and fiber of this vibrant community as they lead the way in the new trend of adaptive reuse.

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LINE

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Straight Horizontal LinesHorizontal Lines promote a feeling of relaxation and

peace. They are long and can make objects appear

longer than they actually are.

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Straight Vertical LinesVertical lines can present

a challenge to the viewer.

They are not as calming

as horizontal lines,but

Vertical Lines provoke a

notion of strength when

used in any structure, even

your home. Such lines can

also elongate the height

of a room, or entry way

allowing for a dominant

open and inviting space.

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Curved Flowing LinesCurved Flowing lines provide a relaxing feeling.

They are soft and look elegant. They provide a sense

of movement as the viewers eyes look upon them.

TEXTURE

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Implied TextureImplied Texture is the surface of an object that appears to have

some sort of texture, but is actually smooth. This particular

texture is not one that is felt, it’s an illusion or implied texture

that gives off the appearance of being 3-D.

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Non ReflectiveNon Reflective texture is a texture that has no reflective

qualities and does not mirror an image back. Usually

non reflective texture portrays a more relaxing and

casual environment.

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ReflectiveReflective textures mirror an object back or reflect light that comes from a window or other various

forms of lighting, such as lamps. Also, dependent upon the vibe you are trying to convey from your

space, it can greatly be determined by the texture in your room. For example, a shiny tile floor can

elevate the elegance formality of the space, while a non reflective wood or carpet floor can warm the

feeling and provide a relaxed casual environment.

LIGHT

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Task LightTask Lighting is one of the most used types of lighting due to its various uses. It can be used to

set direct light when a person is working to complete a specific task such as reading, studying,

cooking or just wanting to draw attention to something special. Task lights can be the only form

of lighting in a space or they can be placed with other types of lighting.

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Natural LightNatural light can make a space feel more

open and bright in a room with windows.

Essentially no electricity is needed for

daytime natural interior light.

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Floor LampsFloor lamps are another very popular form of

lighting. Floor lamps are used many times for

decoration and to provide the space with a visually

appealing type of lighting. They also allow larger

spaces to be illuminated versus table lamps because

of the height and the reflection off the walls.

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Table LampsTable lamps are some of the most used lighting in spaces, both residential and commercial. They

come in hundreds of colors, shapes and styles. They are used both for conventional purposes to

provide lighting in the room, as well as to provide decoration.

COLOR

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AnalogousAnalogous colors are colors that are next to each other on

the color wheel and colors that complement each other.

The analogous scheme allows you to use adjacent colors

on the wheel that build in whichever gradation of tone

you prefer. With this scheme, you can utilizes the hues

and tones to really round out the color in your space.

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ComplementaryComplimentary colors are directly across

from one another on the color wheel, and

using a variety of these hues in one room

can be exciting, stimulating and is a great

way to really personalize a space.

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Neutral PaletteA neutral palette is a nice alternative to having colors in a space. Neutral palettes provide a sense

of unity. A neutral room will automatically calm a space and further the relaxed atmosphere.

A neutral palette can work well anywhere.

SPACE

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Positive SpacePositive space is any object that takes up space in an

area. This can include furniture, lamps, artwork, and

many other 3-D things taking up negative space.

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Negative SpaceNegative Space is the space between and

around certain objects in a room. It is the

area that surrounds the positive space.

Negative space signifies the space in a room

that is not being taken up by something.

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Crowding TerritorialityCrowding occurs when a space has many different things happening in one room. It can appear

cluttered and messy as well as cause too tight of a space.

SHAPE

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AbstractAbstract shape is a shape that does not have

a particular name and is derived from other

geometric shapes. Abstract shapes often

appear in modern homes.

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GeometricGeometric shapes are seen more commonly than abstract shapes. Geometric shapes include

rectangles, squares, triangles and circles.

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Natural/OrganicNatural/ Organic shapes are shapes that

appear to have appearance and flow. Often

times they have curves and are made from

natural objects such as wood

FORM

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GeometricGeometric form are the most common forms

presented in spaces. They include squares,

rectangles, triangles and circles.

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Natural/OrganicNatural forms are forms that appear to come straight from nature. They are often times unfinished

and have a rough look about them. Natural, organic formscanbe characterized by loose lines that

have no geometrically defined shape. The fluidity of natural forms can also break up the repetition

of geometric shape sand forms in the room while balancing nicely.

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AbstractAbstract forms are forms that are taken from

geometric forms, but altered into an unknown

shape. Abstract forms usually appear as focal

points, or points of interest in a room because

of the unusual appeal they typically carry.

BALANCE

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Visual SymmetryThe placement of objects are identical to one

another on either side creating visual symmetry.

This can be achieved with furniture, wall

decorations, lighting, even patterns and many

more things.

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Visual AsymmetryThis is a more relaxed type of symmetry, yet still

does a lot to the layout of the space. It may be

achieved by the use of similar objects and shapes

arranged together but not creating symmetry

at all, yet still creating a well ballanced

asymmetrical area.

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Visual Radial SymmetryRadial symmetry occurs from elements of a design branching out from one central point. This can

bring a peaceful, dynamic feel to ones desired area.

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Structural Radial SymmetryWhen trying to develop structural symmetry, it is usually carefully thought out by defining the

definite shape on either side of a structural object to create symmetrical balance. For example in this

picture, the designer had to make sure the sinks, lights and wall decorations were aligned perfectly

in order to achieve this symmetry.

HARMONY

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Unity through LineWhen developing unity through the use of lines, the lines can usually run the same way being

parallel, or they can run perpendicular to each other. If used creatively and accordingly, lines of

furniture, prints, color, ect., can create a great since of unity.

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Unity through ShapeUsing shape is a great way to create unity. The

use of similar shaped objects throughout the

space can be very powerful in how a room feels

and comes together.

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Unity through ColorIncorporating a similar color throughout

a room can be a great use of the element

to create harmony and unity. It can pull

the room together in a simple way and

create a clean look as well.

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Variety through ColorBy combining different colors to add variety to a room, the room can become more vibrant and

personalized. According to how you use color, it can create an abstract feel or certain mood, along

with balance and harmony.

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Variety through MaterialsUsing different materials in a room could result in an unorganized look that doesn’t go well, but if

used creatively and correctly, it can create a well balanced area. It can also appear cozy and warm.

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Variety through FurnitureWhen it comes to adding variety to room, most people t]stick to color and decorations and overlook

the furniture. How about incorporating colorful or odd shaped furniture to the mix.

EMPHASIS

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Focal Point -VisualA focal point is used to draw a persons eye to a certain

area or point in a room. It is usually of importance to

its surroundings and in many cases can stand out and

become the focal point because of its color, placement,

size, shape, style, or even material.

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Focal Point-StructuralJust like a visual focal point, a structural focal point is

used for the same reasons to draw ones eye. This is usually

by something built into the existing environment, but

with odd shape or size like this fireplace.

MASSING 47

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Actual DensityActual density is when an object has physical density as

well as looks dense. For example the granite counter tops

in this kitchen show the thickness and solidity of it. We of

course also know how heavy granite is.

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Optical DensityOptical density is a little different. This is when it appears

to be taking up space but actually does not just like this

clear shower door. Although it cuts off its own space in

the room, it still is not very dense.

RHYTHM

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RepetitiveRhythm through repetition can be created

by repeating anything throughout the room.

However, usually it is through the use of line,

color, pattern, furniture, or even structures.

Along with rhythm, this can also create a

harmonious feel.

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ContrastRhythm can be created through contrast because it creates a balanced feel with its light and dark

attributes. Natural light or light furniture and dark wall colors or vice-versa are a great way to

create contrast in a space.

PROPORTION

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Object in Proportion with SpaceProportion is the comparison of the relative size

of parts to a whole. In order to created a very

proportional space, one must make sure the parts

of the space are proportional to each other. For

example, wall decorations compared to furniture

compared to wall space. Correct proportion is

very important to a successful room.

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Objects NOT in Proportion with SpaceIn design, an object can be disproportional to the space

around it if the object is not equal to its corresponding

space. For example the picture frame in this picture is

disproportional because the wall space around it is a lot

bigger and empty compared to the frame.

SCALE

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Human ScaleHuman scale has to do with size of

objects, furniture, ect., in relation

to the size of people and their

surroundings. With everything

in a room being at a human scale,

the room will not appear to be

overwhelmingly small or large.

Scale can play a great role in the

comfort of a space.

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Symbolic ScaleThis type of scale is used to symbolize objects in different ways like a change in color or size.

Urban InteriorPrinciples and

Elements of

Design

Rediscovering

Downtown LivingHannah Faye Sanders