Urban Charter SchoolsDemographics

in TEXASMarch 2015

Introduction

The is a report on urban charter schools in major cities in Texas • Urban charter schools are at the forefront of public education and on-

going efforts to create better outcomes for students.

• Many urban charter schools have a specific mission to target and serve students with the greatest educational disadvantages, either by virtue of family background or poor prior instruction.

• Others got their start as a way to deal with rapid urban growth that axed the capacities of local districts to provide buildings and staff to meet growing demand.

• CREDO studied the attributes of students and schools in Austin, Dallas, El Paso, Fort Worth, Houston, and San Antonio

2

Introduction

• Five criteria were used to select which urban communities to study; full details are in the Technical Appendix.

• CREDO developed a narrow definition of “urban” to select schools for this study. The aim was to choose schools that were within the joint boundaries of cities and school districts.

• Multiple sources are used to develop boundaries for “urban regions,” including NCES locale codes, school addresses, and school district information. More detailed information is included in the Technical Appendix for the study.

• Student & School Counts are derived from student test data.

3

Research Questions

This study answers the following questions:• What does the urban public education landscape look in Texas?

• How do the student attributes in urban charter schools differ from their traditional public school (TPS) counterparts?

• Does the level of achievement differ between students in charter schools and TPS in their same cities?

• Given the mission of some charter operators to target disadvantaged students, do we see proof they do so?

4

Overview of Public Charter Schools in

TEXAS

5

TX Student Demographics

6

STATEWIDE DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS BY LOCATION – ALL TPS STUDENTS

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Core of Common Data 2011

39%

25%

11%

25%

TPS Students by School Type

urban suburban town rural

TX Student Demographics

7

STATEWIDE DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS BY LOCATION – ALL CHARTER STUDENTS

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Core of Common Data 2011

78%

11%

3%8%

Charter Students by School Type

urban suburban town rural

TPS Market Share Over Time

8

STATEWIDE DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS BY LOCATION – ALL TPS STUDENTS

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Core of Common Data 2011

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

TPS Enrollment by School Type

urban suburban town rural

Charter Market Share Over Time

9

STATEWIDE DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS BY LOCATION – ALL CHARTER STUDENTS

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Core of Common Data 2011

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Charter Enrollment by School Type

urban suburban town rural

TPS Growth Rates

10

STATEWIDE DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS BY LOCATION – ALL TPS STUDENTS

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Core of Common Data 2011

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Number of TPS Schools by School Type

urban suburban town rural

Charter School Growth Rates

11

STATEWIDE DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS BY LOCATION – ALL CHARTER STUDENTS

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Core of Common Data 2011

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Number of Charter Schools by School Type

urban suburban town rural

TX Student Demographics

12

AGGREGATE STATISTICS FOR STUDENTS IN CITIES SELECTED FOR STUDY

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of Urban TPS Students 2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

TX Student Demographics

13

AGGREGATE STATISTICS FOR STUDENTS IN CITIES SELECTED FOR STUDY

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of Urban Charter Students 2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

TX Student Demographics

14

AGGREGATE STATISTICS FOR STUDENTS IN CITIES SELECTED FOR STUDY

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Texas Urban TPS Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

TX Student Demographics

15

AGGREGATE STATISTICS FOR STUDENTS IN CITIES SELECTED FOR STUDY

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Texas Urban Charter Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Comparison of Achievement Scores for

Charter Schools and TPS

16

Achievement Scores

• Because charter schools may not be located in all parts of a city, they may not have the array of students and academic talent that exists across the larger number of schools in the greater public education school district.

• To show these relationships, we first present the community-wide average results for math and reading, as revealed via statewide testing regimes.

• The results are then parsed to show the results for TPS and charter schools in each region.

17

Urban Achievement

18

REGIONAL AVERAGE MATH ACHIEVEMENT SCORE BY TYPE OF SCHOOL FOR AUSTIN, DALLAS, EL PASO, FORT WORTH, HOUSTON & SAN ANTONIO COMPARED TO STATE AVERAGE MATH ACHIEVEMENT

-0.50

-0.40

-0.30

-0.20

-0.10

0.00

0.10

TPS Charter TPS Charter TPS Charter TPS Charter TPS Charter TPS Charter

AUSTIN DALLAS EL PASO FORT WORTH HOUSTON SAN ANTONIO

Charter & TPS Math Achievement by Urban Region

Urban Achievement

19

WEIGHTED AVERAGE MATH ACHIEVEMENT SCORE OF AUSTIN, DALLAS, EL PASO, FORT WORTH, HOUSTON & SAN ANTONIO COMPARED TO STATE AVERAGE MATH ACHIEVEMENT

-0.25

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

AUSTIN DALLAS EL PASO FORT WORTH HOUSTON SAN ANTONIO

Math Achievement by Urban Region

Urban Achievement

20

REGIONAL AVERAGE READING ACHIEVEMENT SCORE BY TYPE OF SCHOOL FOR AUSTIN, DALLAS, EL PASO, FORT WORTH, HOUSTON, & SAN ANTONIO COMPARED TO STATE AVERAGE MATH ACHIEVEMENT

-0.40

-0.35

-0.30

-0.25

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

TPS Charter TPS Charter TPS Charter TPS Charter TPS Charter TPS Charter

AUSTIN DALLAS EL PASO FORT WORTH HOUSTON SAN ANTONIO

Charter & TPS Reading Achievement By Urban Region

Urban Achievement

21

WEIGHTED AVERAGE READING ACHIEVEMENT SCORE OF AUSTIN, DALLAS, EL PASO, FORT WORTH, HOUSTON & SAN ANTONIO COMPARED TO STATE AVERAGE READING ACHIEVEMENT

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

AUSTIN DALLAS EL PASO FORT WORTH HOUSTON SAN ANTONIO

Reading Achievementby Urban Region

Austin Demographics

22

Regional Enrollment Trends by Year

23

AUSTIN STUDENT COUNTS BY SECTOR AND BY YEAR

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Char

ter S

tude

nt E

nrol

lmen

t

TPS

Stud

ent E

nrol

lmen

t

Number of Students in Regionby Sector

TPS Students Charter Students

Where Do Urban Students Come From?

24

LOCALE OF SCHOOL PREVIOUSLY ATTENDED BY STUDENTS TRANSFERRING TO AUSTINCHARTER SCHOOLS

66.1%7.4%

2.7%

23.7%

Urban Charter Students' Prior School Type

urban suburban town rural

Regional Urban Student Demographics

25

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN AUSTIN SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban TPS Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

26

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN AUSTIN SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban Charter Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

27

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN AUSTIN SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of Austin TPS Students2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

Regional Urban Student Demographics

28

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN AUSTIN SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of Austin Charter Students 2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

Dallas Demographics

29

Regional Enrollment Trends by Year

30

DALLAS STUDENT COUNTS BY SECTOR AND BY YEAR

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Char

ter S

tude

nt E

nrol

lmen

t

TPS

Stud

ent E

nrol

lmen

t

Number of Students in Regionby Sector

TPS Students Charter Students

Where Do Urban Students Come From?

31

LOCALE OF SCHOOL PREVIOUSLY ATTENDED BY STUDENTS TRANSFERRING TO DALLASCHARTER SCHOOLS

74.0%

20.9%

0.8% 4.4%Urban Charter Students' Prior School Type

urban suburban town rural

Regional Urban Student Demographics

32

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN DALLAS SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban TPS Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

33

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN DALLAS SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban Charter Students Trend by Race2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

34

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN DALLAS SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of Dallas TPS Students2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

Regional Urban Student Demographics

35

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN DALLAS SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of Dallas Charter Students2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

El Paso Demographics

36

Regional Enrollment Trends by Year

37

EL PASO STUDENT COUNTS BY SECTOR AND BY YEAR

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Char

ter S

tude

nt E

nrol

lmen

t

TPS

Stud

ent E

nrol

lmen

t

Number of Students in Regionby Sector

TPS Students Charter Students

Where Do Urban Students Come From?

38

LOCALE OF SCHOOL PREVIOUSLY ATTENDED BY STUDENTS TRANSFERRING TO EL PASOCHARTER SCHOOLS

83.6%

6.5%0.4%

9.5%Urban Charter Students' Prior School Type

urban suburban town rural

Regional Urban Student Demographics

39

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN EL PASO SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban TPS Students Trend by Race2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

40

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN EL PASO SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban Charter Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

41

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN EL PASO SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of El Paso TPS Students2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

Regional Urban Student Demographics

42

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN EL PASO SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of El Paso Charter Students2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

Fort Worth Demographics

43

Regional Enrollment Trends by Year

44

FORT WORTH STUDENT COUNTS BY SECTOR AND BY YEAR

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Char

ter S

tude

nt E

nrol

lmen

t

TPS

Stud

ent E

nrol

lmen

t

Number of Students in Regionby Sector

TPS Students Charter Students

Where Do Urban Students Come From?

45

LOCALE OF SCHOOL PREVIOUSLY ATTENDED BY STUDENTS TRANSFERRING TO FORT WORTHCHARTER SCHOOLS

64.0%15.0%

2.6%

18.4%

Urban Charter Students' Prior School Type

urban suburban town rural

Regional Urban Student Demographics

46

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN FORT WORTH SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban TPS Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

47

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN FORT WORTH SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban Charter Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

48

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN FORT WORTH SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of Fort Worth TPS Students 2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

Regional Urban Student Demographics

49

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN FORT WORTH SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics Fort Worth Charter Students 2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

Houston Demographics

50

Regional Enrollment Trends by Year

51

HOUSTON STUDENT COUNTS BY SECTOR AND BY YEAR

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Char

ter S

tude

nt E

nrol

lmen

t

TPS

Stud

ent E

nrol

lmen

t

Number of Students in Regionby Sector

TPS Students Charter Students

Where Do Urban Students Come From?

52

LOCALE OF SCHOOL PREVIOUSLY ATTENDED BY STUDENTS TRANSFERRING TO HOUSTONCHARTER SCHOOLS

75.7%

18.1%

1.4% 4.8%Urban Charter Students' Prior School Type

urban suburban town rural

Regional Urban Student Demographics

53

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN HOUSTON SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban TPS Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

54

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN HOUSTON SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban Charter Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

55

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN HOUSTON SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of Houston TPS Students 2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

Regional Urban Student Demographics

56

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN HOUSTON SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of Houston Charter Students2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

San Antonio Demographics

57

Regional Enrollment Trends by Year

58

SAN ANTONIO STUDENT COUNTS BY SECTOR AND BY YEAR

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Char

ter S

tude

nt E

nrol

lmen

t

TPS

Stud

ent E

nrol

lmen

t

Number of Students in Regionby Sector

TPS Students Charter Students

Where Do Urban Students Come From?

59

LOCALE OF SCHOOL PREVIOUSLY ATTENDED BY STUDENTS TRANSFERRING TO SAN ANTONIOCHARTER SCHOOLS

80.1%

7.6%

1.9%10.4%

Urban Charter Students' Prior School Type

urban suburban town rural

Regional Urban Student Demographics

60

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN SAN ANTONIO SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban TPS Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

61

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY RACE IN SAN ANTONIO SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Urban Charter Students Trend by Race 2007 - 2011

White Black Hispanic Asian Native Am Multi

Regional Urban Student Demographics

62

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN SAN ANTONIO SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of San Antonio TPS Students 2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty

Regional Urban Student Demographics

63

REGIONAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS BY DEMOGRAPHICS IN SAN ANTONIO SCHOOLS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Demographics of San Antonio Charter Students 2007 - 2011

sped ell poverty