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Business Analysis Business Analysis Presented by QA Department Presented by QA Department

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Business AnalysisBusiness Analysis

Presented by QA DepartmentPresented by QA Department

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Project Life CycleProject Life Cycle

1. Planning

2. Scopethe project

3. Gather requirements and analyze

4. Design asolution

5. Build thesolution

6. Test thesolution

7. Implementthe solution

Initiation

Project LifeCycle

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Subject Matter Experts

Technical Team

Business Analyst

WWHAT IS A HAT IS A BBUSINESSUSINESS A ANALYSTNALYST??

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Introduction: What is a Business Analyst? How has the Role of the BA changed? Why has the Role of the BA changed? What are the Essential Skills of a Business

Analyst? Why is the Business Analyst a Key Role? Conclusion

EEMERGING MERGING RROLEOLEOF THEOF THE B BUSINESS USINESS AANALYSTNALYST

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A Business Analyst is a person who acts as a liaison between business people who have a business problem and technology people who know how to create automated solutions.

WWHAT IS A HAT IS A BBUSINESSUSINESS A ANALYSTNALYST??

ITBusiness

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WWork ork pperformed by A erformed by A BABA

Analyzing business needsAnalyzing business needs Gathering business requirementsGathering business requirements Analyzing and Refining requirementsAnalyzing and Refining requirements Documenting requirementsDocumenting requirements Communicating requirementsCommunicating requirements Assisting with implementation of Assisting with implementation of

requirementsrequirements

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Introduction: What is a Business Analyst?

How has the Role of the BA changed?

Why has the Role of the BA changed? What are the Essential Skills of a

Business Analyst? Why is the Business Analyst a Key Role? Conclusion

EEMERGING MERGING RROLEOLE

OF THEOF THE B BUSINESS USINESS AANALYSTNALYST

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Mainframe – 1970sMainframe – 1970s Centralized, shared software Centralized, shared software

and dataand data PC – 1980sPC – 1980s

Individual software Individual software applicationsapplications

Decentralized dataDecentralized data Client/server – 1990sClient/server – 1990s

Interfaces from PC to Interfaces from PC to mainframes and serversmainframes and servers

Significant coordination Significant coordination required between componentsrequired between components

Web applications – 2000sWeb applications – 2000s Centralized, shared software Centralized, shared software

and dataand data Customizable accessCustomizable access

Inter/Intranet

HHow ow SSoftware oftware DDevelopment hasevelopment has CChangedhanged

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In 1980’s emphasis on structured In 1980’s emphasis on structured methodologies and CASE toolsmethodologies and CASE tools Role primarily staffed from ITRole primarily staffed from IT

In 1990’s Quality Initiatives (CMMI, ISO In 1990’s Quality Initiatives (CMMI, ISO 9000, Six Sigma) required focus on 9000, Six Sigma) required focus on standards and documentationstandards and documentation Shift of role to Business Area ExpertShift of role to Business Area Expert

HHOW HAS THE OW HAS THE RROLE OF THEOLE OF THE BA CBA CHANGEDHANGED??

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In 2000’s emphasis on eCommerce and In 2000’s emphasis on eCommerce and Object Oriented DevelopmentObject Oriented Development

Emphasis on:Emphasis on: Shorter timelines and lower costShorter timelines and lower cost Rigorous techniquesRigorous techniques New methodologiesNew methodologies

HHOW HAS THE OW HAS THE RROLE OF THEOLE OF THE BA BA CCHANGEDHANGED?? (CONT.) (CONT.)

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Today, the Business Analyst’s role Today, the Business Analyst’s role continues to grow and requires:continues to grow and requires: Excellent communication skillsExcellent communication skills Thorough understanding of businessThorough understanding of business Standards and MethodologyStandards and Methodology Tools and ModelingTools and Modeling Emphasis on verification and validationEmphasis on verification and validation

HHOW HAS THE OW HAS THE RROLE OF THEOLE OF THE BA BA CCHANGEDHANGED?? (CONT.) (CONT.)

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Introduction: What is a Business Analyst?

How has the Role of the BA changed? Why has the Role of the BA

changed? What are the Essential Skills of a

Business Analyst? Why is the Business Analyst a Key Role? Conclusion

EEMERGING MERGING RROLEOLE

OF THE OF THE BBUSINESS USINESS AANALYSTNALYST

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WWHY HY RROLE HAS OLE HAS CCHANGEDHANGED

Industry TrendsIndustry Trends IT Under FireIT Under Fire Quality InitiativesQuality Initiatives OutsourcingOutsourcing

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IINDUSTRY NDUSTRY TTRENDSRENDS

66% of software projects are not 66% of software projects are not expected to finish on time and on budgetexpected to finish on time and on budget

Completed projects had only 52% of Completed projects had only 52% of proposed functionalityproposed functionality

82% of projects had time overruns82% of projects had time overruns Average cost overrun – 43% over budgetAverage cost overrun – 43% over budget

Source 2003 Standish ChroniclesSource 2003 Standish Chronicles

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IINDUSTRY NDUSTRY TTRENDSRENDS – ( – (CONT.CONT.))

Defect Origination:Defect Origination: 56% Requirements Phase56% Requirements Phase 27% Design27% Design 7% Coding7% Coding

Source 2002 Quality Assurance InstituteSource 2002 Quality Assurance Institute

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IT UIT UNDER NDER FFIREIRE

72% of CIO’s surveyed by CIO Magazine said 72% of CIO’s surveyed by CIO Magazine said their Number One Priority is to their Number One Priority is to improve the improve the customer relationship.customer relationship.

Only 10% of CIO’s surveyed said that Only 10% of CIO’s surveyed said that technical proficiency is an important skill to technical proficiency is an important skill to be successful. The most important personal be successful. The most important personal skills:skills: Communication – 70%Communication – 70% Understanding the Business – 58%Understanding the Business – 58%

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QQUALITY UALITY IINITIATIVESNITIATIVES

CMMICMMI ISO 9000ISO 9000 Six SigmaSix Sigma

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CMMICMMI Developed by Software Engineering Institute Developed by Software Engineering Institute

of Carnegie Mellon Universityof Carnegie Mellon University A scale for assessing the degree of built-in A scale for assessing the degree of built-in

documentation and discipline in a process, documentation and discipline in a process, from level 1, with no formal process, to from level 1, with no formal process, to Level 5, with a continuous, rigorous and Level 5, with a continuous, rigorous and self-improving processself-improving process

www.sei.cmu.edu/cmmiwww.sei.cmu.edu/cmmi

QQUALITY UALITY IINITIATIVES NITIATIVES – (– (CONT.CONT.))

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ISO 9000ISO 9000 Developed by International Organization Developed by International Organization

for Standardizationfor Standardization A series of performance and quality A series of performance and quality

management system standards for management system standards for industrial organizationsindustrial organizations

www.iso.chwww.iso.ch

QQUALITY UALITY IINITIATIVES NITIATIVES – (– (CONT.CONT.))

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Six SigmaSix Sigma Developed by Motorola EngineersDeveloped by Motorola Engineers Literally refers to the reduction of errors to Literally refers to the reduction of errors to

six standard deviations from the meansix standard deviations from the mean

www.motorola.com/motorolauniversitywww.motorola.com/motorolauniversity

QQUALITY UALITY IINITIATIVES NITIATIVES – (– (CONT.CONT.))

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Obtaining goods or services by contract from Obtaining goods or services by contract from an outside sourcean outside source

Ideally this source can provide the service or Ideally this source can provide the service or good for far less cost and at higher qualitygood for far less cost and at higher quality McKinsey study estimates 58 cents cost McKinsey study estimates 58 cents cost

reduction per dollar in IT sectorreduction per dollar in IT sector Most SW development companies in India Most SW development companies in India

are at CMM Level 5are at CMM Level 5

OOUTSOURCINGUTSOURCING

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One result: American programmers are becoming One result: American programmers are becoming BAs.BAs.

Business Week, March 2004, suggests that the role of a Business Week, March 2004, suggests that the role of a Business Analyst is a “relatively safe haven” for programmers Business Analyst is a “relatively safe haven” for programmers

IF…IF… ……they have communication skillsthey have communication skills AND a grip on businessAND a grip on business

Another result: Detailing requirements is of Another result: Detailing requirements is of paramount importance.paramount importance.

Moving away from “captive” IT departmentsMoving away from “captive” IT departments Moving toward geographically-separated business and IT unitsMoving toward geographically-separated business and IT units ““Over-the-wall” is commonplaceOver-the-wall” is commonplace

OOUTSOURCINGUTSOURCING – ( – (CONT.CONT.))

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Introduction: What is a Business Analyst?

How has the Role of the BA changed? Why has the Role of the BA changed? What are the Essential Skills of a

Business Analyst? Why is the Business Analyst a Key Role? Conclusion

EEMERGING MERGING RROLEOLE

OF THE OF THE BBUSINESS USINESS AANALYSTNALYST

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EESSENTIAL SSENTIAL SSKILLS FOR THE KILLS FOR THE BBUSINESS USINESS

AANALYSTNALYST

ELICIT EXCELLENT REQUIREMENTS

TECHNICAL AWARENESS

CUSTOMER DRIVEN

SCOPE DEFINITION and CHANGE MGMT

METHODOLOGYPRACTICES

DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS

BUSINESS PROCESSRE-ENGINEERING

VERIFICATION& VALIDATION

ANALYTICAL SKILLS

COMMUNICATION

ELICIT EXCELLENT REQUIREMENTS

TECHNICAL AWARENESS

CUSTOMER DRIVEN

SCOPE DEFINITION and CHANGE MGMT

METHODOLOGYPRACTICES

DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS

BUSINESS PROCESSRE-ENGINEERING

VERIFICATION& VALIDATION

ANALYTICAL SKILLS

COMMUNICATION

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Introduction: What is a Business Analyst?

How has the Role of the BA changed? Why has the Role of the BA changed? What are the Essential Skills of a

Business Analyst? Why is the Business Analyst a Key

Role? Conclusion

EEMERGING MERGING RROLEOLE

OF THE OF THE BBUSINESS USINESS AANALYSTNALYST

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Business Analyst

Project Manager

Subject Matter Expert

Subject Matter Expert

Subject Matter Expert

Technical Team Member

Technical Team Member

Business Information

The BA is “Communications Central”:

WWHY IS THE HY IS THE BBUSINESS USINESS AANALYST A NALYST A

KKEY EY RROLEOLE??

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The BA holds a Unique Role:The BA holds a Unique Role: Enterprise-wide awarenessEnterprise-wide awareness Understanding of the business problem or Understanding of the business problem or

opportunity opportunity High level and detailed project knowledge High level and detailed project knowledge Business Analyst toolkitBusiness Analyst toolkit

WWHY IS THE HY IS THE BBUSINESS USINESS AANALYST A NALYST A

KKEY EY RROLEOLE?? (CONT.) (CONT.)

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IIBAIIBAIInternational nternational IInstitute for nstitute for BBusiness usiness AAnalysisnalysis

http://www.iiba.comhttp://www.iiba.com

IIBA Definition of Business Analysis:IIBA Definition of Business Analysis:

Business Analysts are responsible for identifying business needs.Business Analysts are responsible for identifying business needs.

The Business Analyst is responsible for requirements development The Business Analyst is responsible for requirements development and requirements management.and requirements management.

The Business Analyst is a key facilitator within an organization, The Business Analyst is a key facilitator within an organization, acting as a bridge between the client, stakeholders and the acting as a bridge between the client, stakeholders and the solution team.solution team.

Business analysis is distinct from financial analysis, project Business analysis is distinct from financial analysis, project management, quality assurance, organizational development, management, quality assurance, organizational development, testing, training and documentation developmenttesting, training and documentation development..

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Now more than ever, Industry Now more than ever, Industry Emphasis on:Emphasis on: Scope Definition and Change Scope Definition and Change

ManagementManagement Requirements Gathering, Requirements Gathering,

Documenting and ManagementDocumenting and Management Process Improvement and Process Improvement and

ReusabilityReusability Validation and VerificationValidation and Verification

WWHY IS THE HY IS THE BBUSINESS USINESS AANALYST A NALYST A

KKEY EY RROLEOLE?? (CONT.) (CONT.)

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Introduction: What is a Business Analyst?

How has the Role of the BA changed? Why has the Role of the BA changed? What are the Essential Skills of a

Business Analyst? Why is the Business Analyst a Key Role? Conclusion

EEMERGING MERGING RROLEOLEOF THEOF THE B BUSINESS USINESS AANALYSTNALYST

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Must be an outstanding communicatorMust be an outstanding communicator Must understand the SDLCMust understand the SDLC Must enjoy very detailed research and recordingMust enjoy very detailed research and recording Must be skilled at organizing and managing large Must be skilled at organizing and managing large

amounts of information in various formsamounts of information in various forms Must be customer-focusedMust be customer-focused Must be flexibleMust be flexible Must come prepared with a toolkit of techniques to Must come prepared with a toolkit of techniques to

elicit excellent requirementselicit excellent requirements

WWHO HO MMAKES A AKES A GGREAT REAT BBUSINESS USINESS

AANALYSTNALYST??

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What is a Business Analyst?What is a Business Analyst?IIBA Definition of a Business Analyst:IIBA Definition of a Business Analyst:

Business Analysts are responsible for identifying business needs.Business Analysts are responsible for identifying business needs.The Business Analyst is responsible for requirements development and The Business Analyst is responsible for requirements development and requirements management. Specifically, the Business Analyst elicits, requirements management. Specifically, the Business Analyst elicits, analyzes, validates and documents business, organizational and/or analyzes, validates and documents business, organizational and/or operational requirements. Solutions are not predetermined by the Business operational requirements. Solutions are not predetermined by the Business Analyst, but are driven solely by the requirements of the business. Analyst, but are driven solely by the requirements of the business. Solutions often include a systems development component, but may also Solutions often include a systems development component, but may also consist of process improvement or organizational change. consist of process improvement or organizational change. The Business Analyst is a key facilitator within an organization, acting as a The Business Analyst is a key facilitator within an organization, acting as a bridge between the client, stakeholders and the solution team.bridge between the client, stakeholders and the solution team.Business Analysis is distinct from financial analysis, project management, Business Analysis is distinct from financial analysis, project management, quality assurance, organizational development, testing, training and quality assurance, organizational development, testing, training and documentation development.documentation development.

International Institute for Business AnalysisInternational Institute for Business Analysishttp://www.iiba.comhttp://www.iiba.com

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Thank You AllThank You All

Following E-mail ID has been created with Following E-mail ID has been created with an intention of having a repository of files an intention of having a repository of files related with Business Analysisrelated with Business [email protected]@gmail.com

Password - businessanalysisPassword - businessanalysis1] Interview questions for Business Analysts1] Interview questions for Business Analysts2] Body of Knowledge – Business Analysis 2] Body of Knowledge – Business Analysis and more ……………. and more …………….