upgrading the existing facilities in indian railway coache review 11111
TRANSCRIPT
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UPGRADING THE EXISTING
FACILITIES IN INDIAN RAILWAYCOACHES.
TEAM MEMBERS TEAM GUIDE
Aiswarya.S.Rao Mrs. N.Deepa
Harini .V
Jerry Joseph
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INDIAN RAILWAYS
Introduced in 1853.
Undertaking of Govt. OfIndia, overseen by
Ministry Of Railways. 4th largest railway network
114,500 km of total track,7500 stations.
Can carry 30 million passengers and 2.8million tons of freight daily.
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ABSTRACT This project aims at improving the existing facilities in Indian
railway coaches. The thrust areas being automatic temperaturecontrol inside the AC coaches and automatic toilet flushing
system. For temperature control, the temperature inside the
coach is compared with the outside temperature by using two
temperature sensors and accordingly the temperatureadjustment will be done. If the temperature inside the coach is
lesser than the outside temperature then the cooling will be
decreased . And if the temperature inside the coach is higher
than the outside temperature then the cooling will be
increased. For the automatic flushing of toilets, we use an
pressure sensor that will be placed on the toilet seat. When the
pressure is sensed by the pressure sensor it will automatically
initiate a flushing operation according to the PLC program.
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EXISTING PROBLEMS
Unhygienic conditions of
the toilets. Manual temperature
adjustment in ac coaches.
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SOLUTIONS
Automatic Flushing System
in toilets to keep themclean.
Automatic TemperatureControl in ac coaches.
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AUTOMATICFLUSHING
SYSTEM
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PROPOSED SYSTEM
A pair of pressure sensors is placed
above the toilet seat.
When the pressure is sensed by the
pressure sensor, a signal is generated
which is given to the PLC using RF
transmitter/receiver and this initiates
the flushing.
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COMPONENTS
SOLENOID VALVE
PLC
PRESSURE SENSOR POWER SUPPLY
DIODE IN4007
TRANSISTOR BC547 RELAY COIL
HT-12E/HT-12D TRASMITTER /RECEIVER PAIR
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
Transmitter
Encoder
Pressuresensor
Receiver
Decoder
Transmitter
Encoder
Receiver
Decoder
PLCSolenoid
valve
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ELECTRONIC
CIRCUITS
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HT-12E TRANSMITTER -INPUT SIDE
Pressure sensor
Output
5v Power supplyMANUAL
FLUSH
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HT-12D RECEIVER-PLC
INPUT
PLC
OUTPUT
OUT
Y0
MANUAL
FLUSH
MANUAL
FLUSH
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HT-12E TRANSMITTER-PLC
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HT-12D RECEIVER-OUTPUT
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ELECTR0NIC CIRCUIT
Relaycoil
Protection
diode
Sv
Input
+12v
NO
COMSolenoid
valve
NC
Transistor
Relay
contacts
0V
1K
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LADDER LOGIC
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AUTOMATIC
TEMPERATURECONTROL
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EXISTING SYSTEM
Three temperature settings are
available in ac coaches , for
adjustment of which an attendanthas to be called always. The
adjustment is done manually.
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PROPOSED SYSTEM
The Temperature adjustment is done
automatically by comparison of two
temperatures - inside and outside. Initially the temperature inside the coach
is lesser than the outside temperature. If
outside temperature increases then thecooling increases and vice versa.
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TEMPERATURE RANGES
Lower Medium High
Cooling 22 deg.C 24 deg.C 26 deg.C
Heating 17deg.C 19 deg.C 21 deg.C
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COMPONENTS
LM 35
PLC
POWER SUPPLY FAN
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
Input
Output
PLCPc
Inner temp
sensor
Outer temp
sensor5v dc supply 5v dc supply
output output
cooler/fan
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LM 35
IC Sensor
Electrical voltage as output proportional to
temperature ino
C. Temperature Range: -55 to 150 o C.
Sensitivity : 10 mV/o C.
Supply Voltage : 5V Output Voltage : +6V to -1V
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LM-35
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WHY LM-35?
More accurate than thermistor.
Sensor circuit is sealed and not subjected
to oxidation. Higher output voltage than
thermocouple
Amplification of output voltage not
required.
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Have a clean and comfortable
journey