updates on monitoring and management of codling moth
TRANSCRIPT
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Diane AlstonUtah State University Extension
USHA Annual ConventionJan. 30, 2007
Updates on Monitoring and Management of Codling Moth
Cherry Fruit Fly Attractants
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Monitoring Codling Moth in Mating Disrupted (MD) Orchards
Standard 1X pheromone lure (4 wk)- red septa, Biolure membranes
Long-life lures (8 wk)- gray septa
10X pheromone lure (2-3 wk)DA lure (pear ester – food attractant)DA-Combo lure (pear ester + pheromone)
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Trap Thresholds in MD Orchards
Brunner and Gut10X pheromone traps:
4-10 moths
Knight et al. (OSU fact sheet)DA traps:
2 moths or 1 female moth
Trece recommendationDA-Combo traps:
5-10 moths
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2006 CM Monitoring Study◘ 3 lures in large Delta traps
◘ 1X, 10X, DA-Combo◘ 9 apple orchards using MD
◘ Braeburn, 2 Fuji, 2 Gala, Golden Del., 2 Jonathan, Red Del.
◘ Payson, Santaquin, & Genola◘ 2 replicates per orchard
◘ 18 traps with each lure◘ Mid May to mid Sept◘ # moths caught & fruit injury
◘ Per generation◘ 400 fruit per orchard per generation
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Trap Catch
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Week
1X10XDA-Combo
Mea
n #
Mot
hs p
er T
rap
per N
ight
May 26 Jun 30 Aug 11 Sep 12
Grower AAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards
1st gen. 2nd gen. 3rd gen.
MD dispensersapplied
0
12
3
45
67
8
910
11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Week
1X10XDA-Combo
Mea
n #
Mot
hs p
er T
rap
per N
ight
May 26 Jun 30 Aug 11 Sep 12
Grower BAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards
1st gen. 2nd gen. 3rd gen.
MD dispensersapplied
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Week
1X10XDA-Combo
Mea
n #
Mot
hs p
er T
rap
per N
ight
May 26 Jun 30 Aug 11 Sep 12
Grower CAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards
1st gen. 2nd gen. 3rd gen.
MD dispensersapplied
Trap catch wasaveraged across3 orchards foreach grower
-More moths werecaught in DA-Combotraps -Catch in DA-Combotraps followedgeneration periods
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0
1
2
3
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7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Week
1X10XDA-Combo
Mea
n #
Mot
hs p
er T
rap
per N
ight
May 26 Jun 30 Aug 11 Sep 12
Grower AAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards
1st gen. 2nd gen. 3rd gen.
MD dispensersapplied
Trap thresholds:10X trap:4 moths
DA-Combo:5 moths
Comparing Trap Catch Thresholds to Number of Recommend Sprays and Fruit Injury
Grower A
Fruit Injury:Braeburn 3.8%*Fuji 2.5%Jonathan 21.0%Mean 9.1%
*Larval entries on Jul 5 & Aug 23
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0
12
3
45
67
8
910
11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Week
1X10XDA-Combo
Mea
n #
Mot
hs p
er T
rap
per N
ight
May 26 Jun 30 Aug 11 Sep 12
Grower BAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards
1st gen. 2nd gen. 3rd gen.
MD dispensersapplied
Comparing Trap Catch Thresholds to Number of Recommend Sprays and Fruit Injury
Grower BTrap thresholds:10X trap:4 moths
DA-Combo:5 moths
Fruit Injury:Gala 6.8%*Jonathan 27.3%Red Del. 32.3%Mean 22.1%
*Larval entries on Jul 5 & Aug 23
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Week
1X10XDA-Combo
Mea
n #
Mot
hs p
er T
rap
per N
ight
May 26 Jun 30 Aug 11 Sep 12
Grower CAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards
1st gen. 2nd gen. 3rd gen.
MD dispensersapplied
Trap thresholds:10X trap:4 moths
DA-Combo:5 moths
Comparing Trap Catch Thresholds to Number of Recommend Sprays and Fruit Injury
Grower C
Fruit Injury:Fuji 1.5%*Gala 1.3%Golden Del. 4.5%Mean 2.4%
*Larval entries on Jul 5 & Aug 23
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Regression of % fruit injury on cumulative moth catch in DA-Combo
traps for 2nd generation
Gen2I nj ury = 0. 7199 +0. 0972Gen2DA
N 18 Rsq 0. 5259Adj Rsq0. 4963RMSE 5. 5365
Regressi on of 2nd Gen CM I nj ury on DA Trap Cat ch
0
5
10
15
20
25
Gen2DA
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Approximately 0.1% larval entries for every moth caught5 moths 0.5% injury, 10 moths 1.0% injury
X- axisintercept0.7
Slope of line0.1
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Relation of 1st to 2nd Generation Codling Moth Fruit Injury
Red Del.JonathanJonathan
Golden Del.GalaGalaFujiFuji
Braeburn
Orchard(Apple
Variety)
20.31.512.03.021.53.05.82.512.50.38.57.53.00.31.51.54.31.32.52.31.30.8001.00.50.51.81.02.01.57.32.81.51.07.0
EntriesStingsEntriesStings2nd generation^1st generation*
% fruit with injury
*July 5 ^August 23
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2006 was a tough year for codling moth injury
◘ High populations◘ Even with MD, supplemental insecticide sprays were needed
◘ Resistance & cross-resistance to insecticides
◘ Hot weather, 3 generations◘ Insecticide timing issues◘ Full monitoring program!◘No room for error
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Updated theCodling MothFact Sheethttp://utahpests.usu.edu/ipm
Includes:-Monitoring in MDorchards-Lure types-Timing insecticidesthat target multiplelife stages-Revised DD and “management events”table-Insecticide options-Mating disruption
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Major events in acodling moth management program,based on accumulateddegree-days (DD)
Recommended timingfor insecticides basedon their mode ofaction
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2006 Reduced Risk Insecticide TrialKaysville Research Orchard
Table 1. Insecticide treatment applications and timings.
6
Calypso11 d laterAug 8
Calypso16 d laterJul 28
Guthion1200 DDJul 12
Calypso7 d laterJun 14
Assail14 d laterJun 7
Guthion250 DDMay 24
5
Calypso16 d laterAug 7
Intrepid1380 DDJul 22
Oil1100 DDJul 10
Assail14 d laterJun 12
Intrepid350 DDMay 30
Oil150-200 DDMay 19
4
Intrepid16 d laterAug 7
Assail1380 DDJul 22
Esteem1050 DDJul 6
Intrepid14 d laterJun 12
Assail350 DDMay 30
Esteem100 DDMay 18
3
Calypso13 d laterAug 8
Rimon14 d laterJul 26
Rimon + Assail1200 DDJul 12
Calypso7 d laterJun 14
Rimon14 d laterJun 7
Rimon + Assail250 DDMay 24
2
Assail14 d laterAug 2
Rimon14 d laterJul 22
Rimon1000 DDJul 6
Assail14 d laterJun 12
Rimon14 d laterMay 30
Rimon50-75 DDMay 15
1
2nd generation CM 1st generation CMTrt
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Mean apple fruit injury
*Insecticides applied for each CM generation: As = Assail, Ca = Calypso, Es = Esteem, Gu = Guthion, In = Intrepid, Oi = Oil, Ri = Rimon
0.010.0050.610.010.050.04P>F
14.9 a12.8 a2.110.5 a4.5 a6.0 a6
2.3 b1.0 b1.33.5 c1.3 c2.3 cGu-As/Ca-Ca5
6.6 b4.1 b2.57.8 ab2.8 abc5.0 abOi-In-As/Ca4
5.4 b3.3 b2.14.0 c1.8 bc2.3 cEs-As-In3
2.2 b0.8 b1.44.5 bc2.5 abc2.0 bcRi+As-Ri-Ca2
3.0 b1.9 b1.14.8 bc3.0 ab1.8 cRi-As-Ri1
TotalEntries Stings TotalEntriesStings
% fruit with injury (Aug 17)% fruit with injury (Jun 28)
Insecticides*Trt #
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Non-target effects on mites
~Pred Mites = predaceous mites (Typhlodromus and Zetzellia)
^Phyto Mites = phytophagous mites (two spotted spider mites, brown mites, and rust mites)
*Insecticides applied for each CM generation: As = Assail, Ca = Calypso, Es = Esteem, Gu = Guthion, In = Intrepid, Oi = Oil, Ri = Rimon
0.80.110.010.760.13P>F0.014.5162.3 ab2.51.060.331.3331.8 a5.51.5Gu-As/Ca-Ca50.01.751.0 bc1.00.0Oi-In-As/Ca40.39.8153.3 ab0.00.3Es-As-In30.01.836.5 c0.34.3Ri+As-Ri-Ca20.311.867.8 bc8.833.8Ri-As-Ri1
ThripsEggsPred Mites~EggsPhyto Mites^Pred MitePhyto Mite
Insecticides*
Mean # mites per 20 leaves
Trt#
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New CM Products
Insecticides (broad spectrum)Battalion (deltamethrin) – 5th gen. synthetic pyrethroid, less mite flare, Arysta LifeScienceCorp.Altocor (rynaxypyr) – new class, “anthranilicdiamide”, interferes with calcium gates in muscles, affects movement, DuPont Crop ProtectionDelegate (spinetoram) – new spinosyn insecticide, Dow AgroSciencesBelt and Synapse (flubendiamide) – new class, “phthalic acid diamides”, disruption of cellular calcium balance, Bayer CropScience
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New CM Products
Pheromone MD productsCideTrak DA-Combo dispenser – pear ester + pheromone in dispenser, TreceCideTrak DA MEC – micro-encapsulated, sprayable pear ester MD product, TreceSPLAT – flowable pheromone dispenser, MD and attract-&-kill if insecticide added, ISCA TechnologiesPheromone flakes & fibers – applied in sticky glue, not commercially available
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Update on Guthion Registration
Apple, Pear, Sweet & Tart CherryRegistration will end in 2012Phase-down of allowed pounds per acre for the season60 ft buffer from treated orchards to bodies of water60 ft buffer from orchards to human occupied buildingsLengthy PHI for U-pick orchards
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Cherry Fruit Fly Attractants
◘ GF-120 (bait + 0.2% a.i. spinosad)◘ Bait is not that attractive◘ Foraging adults encounter droplets and eat them
◘Spinosad is highly toxic upon ingestion◘ Interest in developing a more attractive bait
◘ Ammonium materials◘Ammonium carbonate◘Ammonium acetate
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2006 Trial at Kaysville
◘ GF-120 (1:4, 100 fl oz per acre)◘ Applied 8X
◘ GF-120 + 10% Amm. Carbonate (AC)◘ Applied 8X
◘ GF-120 + 10% Amm. Acetate (AA)◘ Applied 8X
◘ Success (6 oz per acre)◘ Applied 6X
◘ Provado 1.6F (8 oz per acre)◘ Applied 3X
◘ Untreated Control Photo courtesy ofTim Smith, WSU Ext.
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Fruit Injury at HarvestFigure 3. Fruit infestation at harvest (Jul 13) presented by age of larvae and exit holes per 100 fruit. GF=GF-120, GFAC=GF-120+10% ammonium carbonate, GFAA=Gf-120+10% ammonium acetate, SU=Success, PR=Provado, and UC=untreated control.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
GF GFAC GFAA SU PR UC
Exit Holes3rd Instars2nd Instars1st Intars4.0 ab
3.3 b
0.3 c
2.3 bc 1.8 bc
10.0 a
Mea
n nu
mbe
r lar
vae
and
exit
hole
s pe
r 100
frui
t
Values above bars are total numbers of larvae and exit holes.Means followed by different letters are significantly different (LSD test; p>0.05).
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Adult Trap CatchFigure 2. Mean cumulative number of adults per trap (Jun 1 – Aug 17) as influenced by insecticide treatments. GF=GF-120, GFAC=GF-120+10% ammonium carbonate, GFAA=GF-120+10% ammonium acetate, SU=Success, PR=Provado, and UC=untreated control.
75.1
101.9
77.0
115.5
91.0
165.0
020406080
100120140160180
GF GFAC GFAA SU PR UCMea
n cu
mul
ativ
e #
WC
FF a
dults
per
trap
Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (LSD test, p>0.05)
a
bbc bc
cc
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Acknowledgements
• Research assistance:– Thor Lindstrom, Research Associate– Helen Darrow, Lab Manager– Students: Douglas Anderson, Britney Hunter, Camille Rowley, Adam Thompson
• Research funding:– Utah State University– Utah State Horticultural Association– Chemtura Chemical– USDA CSREES IPM RAMP Program