updated concussion ppt (1)
TRANSCRIPT
The Long-term Effects of Concussion on Balance &
MemoryTyler Uber, Kieu Nguyen, Corey Sheard, Megan
Dunlap, & Ben MaglioccaPenn State Behrend
Concussion• The American Association of Neurological Surgeons (2015)
stated that a type of traumatic brain injury that is caused by a hit to the head, fall, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain inside the skull resulting in damage.
Introduction• There has been minimal research on the long-term
effects of concussion (McCauley, Wilde, Barnes, Hanten, Hunter, Levin, & Smith, 2014).• Most concussion test focus primarily on memory and
reaction time (McCrae, 2014).• After 48 hours from the incident, most people show
improvements (McCrae, 2014)• Balance disorders are a common impairment resultant
of concussion (Gil-Gomez, Gonzales, Alcaniz, Noe, & Colomer, 2011).
Introduction: Purpose• The topic of concussion is increasing in the public
eye. • There is not enough research for this popular topic.• Purpose- Determine whether the history of
concussions, is related to balance and/or memory.
Hypothesis• 1. Participants that have experienced a
concussion will show greater deficiency in balance and memory than those who have not• 2. Participants with the most recent concussion
will show the highest deficiency in balance and memory.
Method: Participants
• Total Number of Participants – 138 • Males – 78 ; Females 60
•Number of Participants with concussion – 78• Males - ; Females –
Method: Procedure• Informed Consent and explanation of study • Demographic Questionnaire- concussion history, sports
participated in, how/when injury occurred, & current symptoms • Digit Span Task (Wechsler, 1945)- Targeted working memory
specifically concentration with strings of numbers• Operation Span Task- Working memory using a math
problems and letters; measured 5 scores/errors• Continuous Performance Task- Measured reaction time for
target & non-target
Method and Procedure Cont.• Nintendo Wii Fit Plus- 3 Balance Tests using Wii Balance
Board• Ultimate Balance Test- Participant attempts to maintain
50/50 weight distribution• Single Leg Test- Participant stands for 30 seconds using
one leg• Stillness Test- Established center of pressure
Digit Span Task t(138) = -0.79, p = .937
Absolute Score t(138)= -.532, p = .596Load Score t(138)= -.253, p = .800Math Score t(138)= 1.336, p = .184Speed Score t(138) = 1.23, p = .221
Target F(1, 138) = 169.1, p< .001Group, F(1, 138) = .253, p = 0.616Interaction of Group and Target, F(1, 138)= .309, p= 0.579
Ultimate Balance Test, t(138) = -.510, p = .611Single Leg Test, t(138) = -.055, p = .996Stillness Test, t(138) = -.323, p = .747
Discussion• Concussed participants showed trending deficiencies for
working memory supporting 1st hypothesis (Operational Span Task –Absolute Score)• Concussed participants demonstrated slower reaction times
during Processing Speed Task• Elapsed time from injury is trending but not significant• Limitation- Subject Pool• We encourage more research to be conducted in this field.