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Know Tamils heritage
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TAMIL CIVILIAN SAYS EVERYTHING IS LOST IN THE MULLAIVAIKAL MASSACRE in 2009
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World Map Showing Kumari Kandam Connecting Australia Madagascar,
India And Taprobane (Ceylon) and India In 30,000 B.C.
Lemuria Kumari Kandam in Tamil "Lemuria" continent called Kumari Kandam in Tamil connecting Madagascar,
South India, Ceylon, and Australia (covering most of the Indian Ocean).
http://cholangathevar.blogspot.co.uk/2008/04/ancient-tamilnadu-map.html
Before 30,000 B.C. Australia, Madagascar, India and Ceylon (ancient Greek
geographers called it Taprobane) all within one continent called Kumari Kandam
in Tamil or Lemuria. This huge continent of the Tamil people was called Kumari Kandam or the Lemuria continent that was swallowed by the seas, and
eventually lost forever.
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BRIEF HISTORY OF CEYLON & ONE REASON WHY
TAMIL NATIONALS FOUGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE
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Why Tamils request for TAMIL EELAM?
Tamils have every rights to request for an
independent Eelam to live in peace! TO ACHIEVE OUR ULTIMATE GOAL
EVERY TAMILS SHOULD KNOW THE TAMILS HISTORY accurately WITH NECESSARY DETAILS TO SPEAK OUT IN PUBLIC AND TO ANSWER ANY FOREIGN politicians QUESTIONS AND TO CLEAR THEIR DOUBTS INSTANTELY, THEN ONLY WE CAN ACHIEVE OUR ULTIMATE GOAL WHICH IS Tamil Eelam. Every document is with evidence
The following document will give you a brief, clear history about
Tamils & Sinhalese 5
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The Sailor Potlomys First Map of Ceylon in 140 AD
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In the Potalamy Map of Ceylon it is
indicated that MALEA as kiy>
Mudutti as khNjhl;lk;.
Nagadibi as ehfjPgk;
Spatana Portus as jpUNfhzkiy
Dagana Civitas Sacra Luna as
NjNte;jpuKidAk; re;jpu nksyPRtuh; NfhtpYk;>
Rhogadini as cNuhfzk;>
Bocana as Fkiz>
Olipada as rptndhspghj kiy>
Because it is a business port it is
called as Mudutti Emporium.
Potalamy Map
The above Tamil names given to places in the Early Potalamy Map which is Ceylon indicates
that there are Tamil Nationals living at that time before the original Ceylon Map came to
existence.
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Vijaya
King of Tambapanni
Reign 543 BC - 505 BC
Titles Vijaya the Conqueror
Birthplace Singhapur
Place of death Tambapanni (Sri Lanka)
Predecessor Kuveni
Successor Upatissa
Wife Kuveni
Offspring Jivahata
Disala
Royal House House of Vijaya
Father Sinhabahu
Mother Sinhasivali
As per Sri Lanka history Mahavamsa, written around 400
AD by the monk Nagasena, using the Dipavamsa and
Attakatha as sources, correlates well with Indian histories
of the period. Ceylon before colonization by Bengalis was
earlier inhabited by ancient tribe Veddas. With the arrival
of Prince Vijay and his 700 followers history of the
Sinhalese started. Vijaya was eldest son of King
Sinhabahu ("Man with Lion arms") and his Queen
Sinhasivali of Bhurishrestha Kingdom.
Vijaya married Kuveni (local Yaksha princess) like
his army marrying off local women. Later this given
rise to modern Sinhala race who speak a language
phonetically much similar to modern Bengali.
Vijaya landed on Sri Lanka near Mahathitha
(Manthota or Mannar), and named the island
"Thambaparni" ('copper-colored palms). These are
attested in Ptolemy's map of the ancient world.
Mahavamsa also claims, Lord Buddha visiting Sri
Lanka three times. Firstly, to stop a war between a
Naga (Vedda) king and his son-in-law who were
fighting over a ruby chair. It is said that on his last
visit, he left his foot mark on Sripada (Adam's
Peak).
Vijaya and his 700 followers Arrival history of the Sinhalese started
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Upatissa
King of Upatissa Nuwara
Reign 505 BC - 504 BC
Place of death Tambapanni
Predecessor Vijaya
Successor Panduvasdeva
Offspring 10 sons and a daughter
Upatissa of Sri Lanka
Monarchs of Sri Lanka
Born: ? ? Died: ? ?
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Vijaya
King of Upathissa Nuwara
544 BC504 BC
Succeeded by
Panduvasdeva
Vijaya, 544-505 BC - In the fifth century
Prince Vijaya and seven hundred of his
followers landed in Ceylon in the region
called Thambapanni near Puttalam. He
established a monarchy and named the new
race of people Sinhala (Lion Race) after his
grandfather, who was perhaps a man
nicknamed as lion. (the Mahavansa [Great Dynasty] & the Chulavansa [Lower Dynasty]. The
entire chronicle covers a time period between (483
BC - 1825 AD) + Queen Kuveni
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Pandukabhaya
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 437 BC 367 BC
Born 474 BC[1]
Died 367 BC
Predecessor Tissa
Successor Mutasiva
Consort Swarnapali
Offspring
10 sons and two daughters
Mutasiva
Suratissa
Royal House Vijaya
Father Prince Dhigagamini
Mother Princess Umaddha Citta
Pandukabhaya is, according to the Mahavansa, the 6th king of
Ceylon since the arrival of the Aryans, he reigned from 437 BC
to 367 BC. According to many historians and philosophers, he is
the first truly Ceylon king since the Aryan invasion, and also
the king who ended the conflict between the Aryans and local
community, reorganizing the populace. His story is one wrapped
in myth and legend.
Mutasiva
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 367 BC - 307 BC
Predecessor Pandukabhaya
Successor Devanampiya Tissa
Offspring
Nine sons:
Devanampiya Tissa
Uttiya
Mahasiva
Asela
Royal House Vijaya
Father Pandukabhaya
Mutasiva was an early monarch of Ceylon of the
kingdom of Anuradhapura, based at the ancient capital
of Anuradhapura from 367 BC to 307 BC. He had nine
sons, some of which were his successors such
Devanampiya Tissa, Uttiya, Mahasiva and Asela, as
well as being the son of King Pandukabhaya.
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Devanampiya Tissa
King of Anuradhapura
The Sri Maha Bodhi is said to have been brought to Sri Lanka during
Devanampiya Tissa's reign. It is a sapling of the bo tree under which the
Buddha attained enlightenment, and is symbolic of the most significant
event of Tissa's reign - his conversion to Buddhism
Reign 307 BC 267 BC
Died 267 BC
Predecessor Mutasiva
Successor Uttiya
Consort Anula
Royal House Vijaya
Father Mutasiva
Tissa, later Devanampiya Tissa was one of the
earliest rulers of Sri Lanka based at the ancient
capital of Anuradhapura from 307 BC to 267 BC. His
reign was notable for the arrival of Buddhism in
Ceylon under the aegis of Mauryan Emperor Ashoka.
The primary source for his reign is the Mahavamsa,
which in turn is based on the more ancient
Dipavamsa
Uttiya
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 267 BC - 257 BC
Predecessor Devanampiya Tissa
Successor Mahasiva
Royal House Vijaya
Father Mutasiva
Uttiya was an early monarch of Ceylon of the
kingdom of Anuradhapura, based at the ancient
capital of Anuradhapura from 267 BC to 257 BC.
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Asela
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 215 BC - 205 BC
Died 205 BC
Predecessor Sena and Guttika
Successor Elara
Royal House Vijaya
Father Mutasiva
Asela was an early monarch of Sri Lanka of the kingdom of
Anuradhapura, based at the ancient capital of Anuradhapura from
215 BC to 205 BC. Asela was the youngest of the many sons of
Mutasiva and brother of previous monarchs Devanampiya Tissa,
Uttiya and Mahasiva. Asela fought Sena and Guttika in a battle to
re-establish Vijaya rule in 215 BC, but in 205 BC the
kingdom of Anuradhapura was again
invaded by a Tamil, a Prince of the Chola
Dynasty killing Asela.
Sena and Guttika
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 237 BC - 215 BC
Predecessor Suratissa
Successor Asela
Sena and Guttika were two Tamil chiefs from
South India who invaded the kingdom of
Anuradhapura and led an army allied with the
local Tamil people population to defeat king
Suratissa in battle. They reigned from 237 BC to
215 BC.
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Elara
King of Anuradhapura
Elaras bell and cow
Reign 205 BC - 161 BC
Titles Elara the Just
Born 235 BC
Died 161 BC
Predecessor Asela
Successor Dutthagamani
Elara (205 BC - 161 BC), also known as Elalan and laezha Chola (, ) in Tamil, was a Chola king from the Chola Kingdom, in present
day South India, who ruled Ceylon from 205
BC to 161 BC from the ancient capital of
Anuradhapura. Often referred to as 'the
Just King'. Elara is a peculiar figure in the
history of Ceylon and one with particular
resonance given the ongoing ethnic strife in
the country. Although he was an invader, he
is often regarded as one of Ceylon's wisest
and most just monarchs, as highlighted in
Sinhalese chronicle Mahavamsa. According
to the chronicle, even Elara's nemesis king
Dutugemunu had a great respect for him,
and ordered a monument be built, where
Elara was cremated after he was slain in
battle.
KING ELALAN A TAMIL KING RULED IN ANURADHAPURAM FROM 205 BC TO 161 BC
vy;yhsd; vd;w jkpo; kd;dd;; mDuhjGuj;jpy; fpK 205 fpK 161 tiu Ml;rp nra;jhd;
Source:-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elara_(King)#mw-head
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Mahasiva
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 257 BC - 247 BC
Predecessor Uttiya
Successor Suratissa
Royal House Vijaya
Father Mutasiva
Mahasiva was an early monarch of Sri Lanka of the kingdom of
Anuradhapura, based at the ancient capital of Anuradhapura from
257 BC to 247 BC. Mahasiva was one of the many sons of Mutasiva
and also brother of monarchs Devanampiya Tissa, Uttiya and Asela.
Suratissa
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 247 BC - 237 BC
Died 237 BC
Predecessor Mahasiva
Successor Sena and Guttika
Royal House Vijaya
Father Pandukabhaya
Suratissa was an early monarch of Ceylon of the kingdom of
Anuradhapura, based at the ancient capital of Anuradhapura from
247 BC to 237 BC. He was the younger son of Pandukabhaya and
the brother of Mutasiva. Suratissa was defeated and
killed in battle by two South Indian Tamil
invaders Sena and Guttika and usurped the
Sinhalese throne and became joint rules of
Anuradhapura, which was the first
historically reported account of Tamil rule in
Ceylon. Sinhala rule was re-established in
215 BC.
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Dutugamunu
King of Anuradhapura
The historic battle between Elara and Dutugemunu.
Reign 161 BC 137 BC
Coronation 161 BC
Full name Gamini Abhaya
Titles King of Ruhuna
Birthplace Thissamaharama, Hambanthota
Died 137 BC
Predecessor Elara
Successor Saddha Tissa
Consort Queen Ranmanika
Offspring Prince Saliya
Royal House Vijaya
Father Kavan Tissa
Mother Viharamahadevi
Dutugemunu (Sinhala, duugmuu), also known
as Dutthagamani (Pali, duhagma) and Gamani Abhaya (Pali, gma abhaya, "fearless Gamini") was a Sinhalese king of Ceylon who reigned from 161 BC to
137 BC. He is renowned for defeating and overthrowing the
usurping Tamil king of Anuradhapura, Elara of India,
expanding and beautifying the city, and projecting the power
of his native Rajarata region across the island of Ceylon.
Due to his significance as one of the most potent symbol of
Sinhalese historical power, Dutugemunu's story is swathed
in myth and legend.However, many aspects of the accounts of
his life have been verified by contemporary inscriptions, and
the basic account of his life is generally accepted as accurate.
Saddha Tissa was an early monarch of the kingdom of
Anuradhapura, based at the ancient capital of
Anuradhapura from 137 BC to 119 BC. Saddha Tissa
was the son of Kavan Tissa of Ruhuna and the brother
of Dutthagamani.
Saddha Tissa
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 137 BC - 119 BC
Predecessor Dutthagamani
Successor Thulatthana
Offspring
Lanja Tissa
Thulatthana
Khallata Naga
Valagamba
Father Kavan Tissa
Mother Viharamahadevi
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Khallata Naga
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 109 BC - 103 BC
Died 103 BC
Predecessor Lanja Tissa
Successor Vattagamani Abhaya
Dynasty Shakya
Father Saddha Tissa
Khallata Naga, also known as Kalunna, was an early
monarch of Ceylon of the Anuradhapura Kingdom from
109 BC to 103 BC.
Lanja Tissa, also known as Lamani Tiss, was an early
monarch of Ceylon of the Anuradhapura Kingdom from
119 BC to 109 BC.
Lanja Tissa
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 119 BC - 109 BC
Titles King of Ruhuna
Died 109 BC
Predecessor Thulatthana
Successor Khallata Naga
Dynasty Shakya
Father Saddha Tissa
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The Five Dravidian were five Tamil Chiefs apparently from the Pandyan Dynasty
who ruled the Anuradhapura Kingdom for 14 years from 103 BC to 88 BC.
Pulahatta
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 103 BC - 100 BC
Died 100 BC
Predecessor Valagamba
Successor Bahiya
Pulahatta was the first of the Five Dravidians. He was a Tamil Chiefs from the Pandyan Dynasty, in South India, who invaded and over through the reigning monarch Valagamba, who had only come to the throne five months before. He appointed Bahiya as his Chief Minister and reigned for three years until he was murdered in 100 BC by Bahiya.
Bahiya
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 100 BC - 98 BC
Died 98 BC
Predecessor Pulahatta
Successor Panya Mara
Bahiya was the second of the Five Dravidians, he ruled from 100 BC to 98 BC. Chief Minister of Pulahatha, during Pulahatha's reign, he murdered him and ruled as king. Bahiya's reign came to an end when his Prime Minister, Panya Mara, killed him after only two years of assuming the throne
Panya Mara
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 98 BC - 91 BC
Died 91 BC
Predecessor Bahiya
Successor Pilaya Mara
Panya Mara, the third of the Five Dravidians reigned from 98 BC to 91 BC, the longest of any of the Five Dravidians. before ascending the throne he had the office of Prime Minister under Bahiya, whom Panya Mara then killed taking the throne while appointing Pilaya Mara as his Chief Minister.
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Pilaya Mara
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 91 BC - 90 BC
Died 90 BC
Predecessor Panya Mara
Successor Dathika
The Five Dravidian were five Tamil Chiefs apparently from the Pandyan Dynasty
who ruled the Anuradhapura Kingdom for 14 years from 103 BC to 88 BC.
Pilaya Mara was King of Anuradhapura from 91 BC to
90 BC. Assuming the throne like his predecessors,
murdering Panya Mara, when he was Chief Minister for
him. Pilaya Mara had the shortest of all the reigns of the
Five Dravidians only lasting seven months, being killed
by his own Chief Minister Dathika
Dathika
King of Anuradhapura
Reign 90 BC - 88 BC
Died 88 BC
Predecessor Pilaya Mara
Successor Valagamba
Dathika was the last of the Five Dravidians, who ruled
for two years from 90 BC to 88 BC. Dathika came to the
throne after murdering his king Pilaya Mara, whom he
was Chief Minister for. In 88 BC he was killed, losing the
throne, by Valagamba restoring his reign and the dynasty
of the House of Vijaya who had reigned since the start of
the monarchy. Valagamba went on to rule the
Anuradhapura Kingdom for the next 12 years.
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There were three kingdoms in the island of Ceylon (Ilankai). The South Western seashore and Southern seashore were
administered by the Kotte Sinhalese Kingdom. The central mountain area was taken care of by the Kandy Udarata
Sinhalese Kingdom. The East, North and North-West were administered by the Tamil Kingdom. This
situation remained during the arrival of the Europeans in 1505 and even after that. Kotte was the capital of the
Sinhala Kingdom, which later fell to the Portuguese in 1505. Nallur was the capital of the Tamil Kingdom. This also
fell to the Portuguese in 1619. The Kandy Udaratta Kingdom made Kandy its capital. In AD 1815 this was taken by the
English.
The Tamils controlled and administered the following areas, Yaalpanam, Vanni, Kottiyaaru, Palukamam, Paanamai
and Muthusilapam. These are large administrative areas. Within these large areas there are smaller areas called
"Koralai" by the Sinhalese, and "Pattu" by the Tamils. The maps and drawings from the time of Ptomey the Greek
explorer and later from the period when the English came to the island, show how they recorded the areas of the Tamils
and the Sinhalese separately.
When the Portuguese and the Dutch took over the island's seashores, they ruled the Tamils and Sinhalese
separately. The Greek explorer Ptolemy and the British who came later demarcated separately the Tamil and the
Sinhala regions. They recorded this. The Sinhalese termed their administration "Rata". The Tamils named their
administration "Vannimai". Rajarata, Mayarata, Udarata and Ruhunurata were the areas controlled by the Sinhalese,
in their respective administrations.
During Dutch rule, one Tamil Kingdom and two Sinhalese Kingdoms were functioning as Tamil
administration, seashore Sinhalese administration and Kandian Sinhalese administration. Later under
British rule, these three administrative areas were converted into five provinces.
Portuguese and the Dutch took over the island's in1505, they ruled the
Tamils and Sinhalese separately until English took over in 1815.
Source :- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_period_in_Ceylon http://www.sri-lanka-tour.com/history/portuguese-period.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon
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Ceilo Ceylon
Portuguese colony
Maximum Portuguese expiation in Ceylon
Capital Colombo
Language(s) Portuguese, Sinhala, Tamil
Political structure Colony
Captains
- 1518-1518 Joo da Silveira
- 1522-1524 Ferno Gomes de Lemos
Captain-majors
- 1551-1552 Joo Henriques
- 1591-1594 Pedro Homem Pereira
Governors
- 1594-1594 Pedro Lopes de Sousa
- 1656-1658 Antnio de Amaral de Meneses
Historical era Imperialism
- Contact and trade
with the Kotte
Kingdom
15 August 1505
- Fall of Portuguese
Ceylon 14 January 1658
Currency Portuguese Tanga (TCP)
Portuguese period in Ceylon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Portuguese Ceylon (Portuguese: Ceilo) was a Portuguese territory
in present-day Ceylon, representing a period in Ceylon history from
15051658. The Portuguese first encountered the Ceylonese kingdom of Kotte, with whom they signed a treaty. Portuguese Ceylon was
established through the occupation of Kotte and the conquest of
surrounding Sinhalese kingdoms. In 1565 the capital of Portuguese
Ceylon was moved from Kotte to Colombo. The introduction of
Christianity by the Portuguese furthered friction with the Sinhalese
people.
Eventually, the Ceylonese sought help from the Dutch Empire in
their struggle for liberation. The Dutch Empire initially entered into
agreement with the Kingdom of Kandy. After the collapse of the
Iberian economy in 1627, the Dutch-Portuguese War saw the Dutch
conquest of Portugal's Asiatic colonies. Eventually, Portugal's
Ceylonese territories were ceded to the Netherlands. Nevertheless,
there remain elements of Portuguese culture in Sri Lanka today from
this colonial period.
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Zeylan
Ceylon
Dutch colony
16561796
Flag Coat of arms
Capital Colombo
Language(s) Sinhala, Tamil, Ceylon Dutch
and Dutch
Political structure Colony
Governor
- 1640 Willem Jacobsz Coster (First)
- 1794-1796 J. G. van Angelbeek (Last)
Historical era Imperialism
- Dutch annexation of Colombo 12 May 1656
- British annexation of Colombo
Zeylan Ceylon
Dutch colony
16561796
Flag Coat of arms
Dutch Ceylon is a term used synonymously for the period, and the area
of Ceylon that was controlled by the Dutch from 16581798 and their rule.
In the 17th century, Ceylon was partly ruled by the Portuguese invaders
and the Sinhala kingdom, who were constantly battling each other.
Although the Portuguese were not winning the war, their rule was rather
burdensome to the people of those areas controlled by them. While the
Dutch were engaged in a long war of independence from Spanish rule, the
Sinhalese king (the king of Kandy) invited the Dutch to help defeat the
Portuguese. The Dutch interest in Ceylon was to have a united battle
front against the Iberians at that time.
After the Ceylonese' betrayal of the Dutch, the Dutch invaded parts of
Ceylon. They retained an area as compensation for the cost of war and
gradually extended their land. The Dutch gained control of the coastline,
but later the colonial British rulers succeeded them. The Dutch and
British each ruled for approximately 150 years.
CEYLON UNDER DUTCH COLONY PERIOD 1656-1796
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History of Kandy
This article is part of a series
Kingdom of Kandy (14691815)
Founding SinhalesePortuguese War
Kandyan Treaty of 1638 Portuguese period in Ceylon
Treaty of Batticaloa Kandyan Wars
Colonial Kandy (18151948)
Kandyan Convention Matale Rebellion
South East Asia Command
Kandy (1948Present)
Modern Kandy
See also:
An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon List of Kandyan Monarchs
History of Sri Lanka
Kandy Portal
Kingdom of Kandy In 1592 Kandy became the capital city of the last
remaining independent kingdom in the island after
the coastal regions had been conquered by the
Portuguese. Several invasions by the Portuguese and
the Dutch (16th, 17th and 18th century) and later by
the British (most notably in 1803) were repelled.
The kingdom tolerated a Dutch presence on the coast
of Ceylon, although attacks were occasionally
launched. The most ambitious offensive was
undertaken in 1761, when King Kirti Sri Rajasinha
attacked and overran most of the coast, leaving only
the heavily fortified Negombo intact. When a Dutch
retaliatory force returned to the island in 1763, Kirti
Sri Rajasinha abandoned the coastline and withdrew
into the interior. When the Dutch continued to the
jungles the next year, they were constantly harassed
by disease, heat, lack of provisions, and Kandyan
sharpshooters, who hid in the jungle and inflicted
heavy losses on the Dutch.
KINGDOM OF KANDY PERIOD 1469 - 1815
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Capital Colombo
Language(s) Sinhala, Tamil, & English
Government Constitutional Monarchy
Monarch of Ceylon
- 1815-1820 George III
- 1820-1830 George IV
- 1830-1837 William IV
- 1837-1901 Victoria
- 1901-1910 Edward VII
- 1910-1936 George V
Governor of Ceylon
- 1798-1805 Frederick North
- 1805-1811 Thomas Maitland
- 1812-1820 Robert Brownrigg
- 1944-1948 Henry Monck-Mason Moore
Prime minister
- 1947-1948 Don Stephen Senanayake
Legislature Legislative Council of Ceylon
State Council of Ceylon
Historical era New Imperialism
- Kandyan Convention March 5, 1815
- Independence February 4, 1948
Currency Ceylonese rixdollar (1815 - 1828)
British pound (1825 - ?)
British Ceylon
British colony
18151948
Flag
Anthem
God Save The King
CEYLON UNDER BRITISH COLONY - PERIOD 1815 - 1948
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Type of
treaty
deposition of Sri
Vikrama Rajasinha
Drafted 1815
Signed
Location
218 March 1815
Temple of the Tooth,
Kandy, Kingdom of
Kandy
Signatories 12
Parties 2
Languages Sinhala, Tamil, English
Kandyan Convention at Wikisource
Original Kandian Convention in English
The Kandyan Convention, signalling the fall of Kandy and the bringing of the entire island
under British colonial rule, was signed on March 2nd 1815. This was signed in Tamil
The last King of Kandy
Sri Wicramarajasingan is a Tamil king
Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
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The dignitaries who placed their signature to the convention ONLY IN TAMIL were Ehelepola, Pilimatalawe second Adigar and Dissawe of Sabergamuwa, Pilimatalawe Dissawe of the four Korales and Ratwatte Dissawe of Matale. It is seen that Ratwatte Dissawe of Matale has signed as `RAVATHAI` in Tamil in 1815 AD.(see picture).If the Ratwatte of today claim ancestry to the `RAVATHAI` the change is due to political expediency to a Sinhala phonetic Ratwatte. It is an accepted historical fact that the LANGUAGE OF THE COURT OF KANDY WAS TAMIL. But it is intriguing to note that even after the King was deposed they chose to subscribe their signature in Tamil as THEY WERE TAMILS and THEIR TAMIL ANCESTRY. Who were the signatories to the Convention? Governor Browning signed first on behalf of the King of Britain. On behalf of the people the following chiefs signed in the order mentioned below. 1. EHELEPOLA in Tamil 2. MOLLIGODA,first Adigar and Dissawe of seven Korales in Sinhalese. 3. PILIMATALAWE,second Adigar and Dissawe of Sabragamuwa in Tamil. 4. PILIMATALAWE, Dissawe of four Korales in Tamil 5. MONORAWILA, Dissawe of Uva in Sinhalese 6. RATWATTE,Dissawe of Matale in Tamil 7. MOLLIGODA, Dissawe of the three Korales in Sinhalese and Tamil 8. DULL EWE, Dissawe of Walpane in Sinhalese and Tamil 9. MILLEWE, Dissawe of Wellesse and Bintenne in Sinhalese and Tamil 10. GALAGAMA,Dissawe of Tamankaduwa in Sinhalese 11. GALAGODA,Dissawe of Nuwara-Kalawiya in Sinhalese`.
There were 12 signatories to the Kandyan Convention of 2nd March 1815 AD and signed in the following languages: a. One signature in English (Brownrigg - Governor). b. Four signed in Tamil. c. Three signed in Tamil and
Sinhalese. d. Four signed in Sinhalese. Of the four who signed in Tamil one was RATWATTE Disawe of Matale. To subscribe a signature to such an
important document in Tamil would give one an impression that either he was a Portuguese married to a Tamil, a Tamil or of Tamil extraction.
It is rather intriguing to note at page 392 of Pundit Dr.NANDASENA WIJESEKERA`s book, `The Sinhalese` the above is recorded.
THE KANDIAN CONVENTION & THE SIGNATORIES
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WHO IS THE LAST KING OF KANDYAN KINGDOM?
In 1815 Kandyan Kingdom was captured by the British. It was the last of the three kingdoms to fall. The 50th
Independence day celebrations were arranged in Kandy because of the fact that it was the capital of the last Sinhalese
Kingdom. Is there is truth in it?
The last king of the Kandyan Kingdom Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe II is not a Sinhalese but a Tamil. People who want to
distort the history for political reasons claim him as a Sinhalese. In south India, the Vijayanagar Empire (Vijayawada in
Andhra Pradesh) was established by Krishna Devarayar. The dynasty had its control over whole of south India including
Madurai. Madurai was ruled by a Nayakar from the dynasty. They are Tamil speaking Telungu people. In culture they
were Dravidian Tamils . Vai Gopalasamy, Arkattu Verrasamy second in command in DMK and E.V Ramasamy Nayakar
(Periar) are all descendents of this Nayakar dynasty. The great warrior Veera Pandia Kattaboman from Panchalm Kuruchi
in Thirunelvelli too a descendent from the Nayakar dynasty.
The name Bandara (Pandara) Nayake too signifies the relationship with the Nayaker dynasty. The last king of Kandy Sri
Wickrama Rajasinghe II too was from Nayaker dynasty. Before he became the king his name was Kannusamy. Even the
person who contested him for the throne too was Tamil named Muthusamy.
Rajasinghe II married a Tamil princess from Madurai. Tamil was the official language in the Kandyan kingdom when he
was the king. In 1818 the surrender document was written in Tamil and English only. It was signed by the King in Tamil
only and could be seen in the Colombo Museum unless they have altered it for political reasons. 11 Kandyan Lords also
signed the document and out of them five lords signed in Tamil. Ratwatte Disawa a forefather of Bandaranayake and
Ratwatte family signed it in Tamil.
The king was captured by the British kept in a confinement in a location near Cylinco house opposite the Central Bank
and when he died his body was sent to Vellore , in Tamil Nadu. The last Kandyan King's monument is still there in
Vellore. This is the story of the Tamil blood that flows in the veins of Bandaranayke (Nayakar) dynasty. But due to
political reasons and to be in power they claim themselves Kandyan Sinhala Buddhists. SWRD Bandaranayake too
changed religion from Buddhism to Christianity for the sake of personal benefits. How could people trust such a Political
dynasty who are turncoats?
Source: Eelanadu 19th Nov. 2001
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Vijaya and 700 of his followers from India after landing in Tambapanni in a district near modern Mannar, which is in the district of Chilaw. Vijaya married Yakkhas, their Queen Kuveni who was disguised as a beautiful woman but was really a 'yakkini' (devil). Vijayas friends brought womens from odisa and other provinces of northern part of India and got married them. Since these people came from various districts of India speaks different languages started to talk a mixed language for their communication, as a result formed a mixed language which was later called as Sinhala in 8th A.D. Tamil language was the basis of these mixed languages within sinhalese language there are more than four thousand Tamil words. Very important point to note:- If the Sinhalese stripped or take away all these Tamils words from the Sinhalese language there is no Sinhalese langue at all even now. There were no Buddhists in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) before 200 BC because Buddhism was brought to Sri Lanka in 200 BC. There was no Sinhala language also before 300 BC.
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The map shows the territories administered by the
Dutch in 1796. They were Jaffna Commandant,
Colombo Commandant and Galle Commandant.
Rest of the country was under the Kandian
Kingdom. Source:- http://www.sangam.org/2010/08/Tamil_Struggle_5.php 30
Malvana Convention When the Portuguese landed in Galle on November 15, 1505 Kingdoms of Kotte, Kandy,
Jaffna and six more chieftaincies ruled in Ceylon. Kotte Kingdom ruled the southern and
western lowlands, Kandyan Kingdom the mountainous central region, Jaffna Kingdom the
north and the northern portion of the east and the chieftaincies the region between the
Kingdoms of Kotte and Jaffna and the east and south.
Portuguese historian Joao de Barros in his book The History of Ceylon from the Earliest
Times to 1600 AD (Page 37) describes the political divisions of Sri Lanka as it existed
during the arrival of the Portuguese in the following words:- At present what is to the
purpose of our history is to know that it is divided into nine states, and each of these is
called a kingdom.
Barros admits the biggest of them were Kotte, Kandy and Jaffna and says that each of them claimed that they were the rulers of the entire island.
The Portuguese took over the administrative authority of the Jaffna Kingdom in 1570 but
permitted Periya Pillai to rule. Mendonca then summoned the Tamil chiefs and the
Mudaliyars for a convention at Nallur. He asked the assembled chiefs to submit to the
King of Portugals suzerainty. He declared that he would maintain the distinct laws and
customs of the Tamil kingdom. The Tamil chiefs accepted the offer and took oath of
allegiance to the king of Portugal. The ceremony was followed by the signing of a treaty.
King Philip 111 of Spain signed the treaty in his capacity of King Philip 11 of Portugal
and the Tamil chiefs and Mudaliyars of the kingdom of Jaffna on behalf of the people of
Jaffna. The three kingdoms and the chieftaincies lost their sovereignty during the period
of 310 years; Kotte in 1597, Jaffna in 1619, Vanni in 1802 and Kandy in 1815. Kotte went
under the Portuguese through a deed of gift and Jaffna passed into Portuguese control
when it lost the battle with them. Vanni and Kandy were captured by the British army.
The Tamil chiefs freely acknowledged through this treaty the sovereignty of King Philip
and swore fealty to him as King of Jaffna, by virtue of the conquest of the kingdom by
the Portuguese forces in 1616. As in the Malvana Convention the contracting parties were the King of Spain, as king of Portugal, and the representatives of the people of the kingdom of Jaffna, an independent, legally constituted, diplomatically recognized, political entity a sovereign state.
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Who are the original inhabitants of Ceylon Sri Lanka was connected to India by a land mass before they were separated by water. It is, that Dravidian Tamils Nationals an indigenous community lived in Ceylon for many thousands years. Tamils in Ceylon can be grouped into three groups. Majority of them are the original inhabitants and some came to this country during the Cholas invasions from India and the others who came work in the tea estates were brought in the 18th century by British. Logically speaking, there was no such community called Sinhala Buddhists in Ceylon before 200BC. But there were Tamils in Ceylon before there were Sinhala Buddhists. However, Many Sinhalese have Dravidian and Aboriginal features and these people are either the inhabitants of the country who were speaking Tamil or aboriginal languages or people migrated from the South Indian states. Some of the Sinhalese have ancestors from Bengal, Orissa and other North Indian states. Those Sinhalese with the fair complexion either have north Indian roots or they have European ancestors.
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Who are the original inhabitants of Ceylon Tamils and Sinhalease lived in two separate nations until they were brought together by the British during the 18th century. But it is important to look at some historic facts about Ceylon so that we know it is wrong for the Ceylon authorities to claim Ceylon as a Sinhala Buddhist country by suppressing the Tamil Nationals who are indeed the original inhabitants of this Nation. Firstly, there were no Buddhists in Sri Lanka before 200 BC because Buddhism was brought to Ceylon in 200 BC. There was no Sinhala language before 300 BC. Sinhala language was given birth around in 8AD. Sinhala language has around four thousands (4,000) loan words from Tamil language, although this language originated from Brahmi script and have features of Bengali, Pali and Sanskrit. It is quite obvious that Sinhala was developed by people from different races including the Tamils. There were no Sinhalese in Ceylon or in any part of the world until the Dipa Vamsa for the first time, referred to the descendants of Tamil (Hindus) who embraced Buddhism in 246 B.C. as Sihala on account of the Lion (no relevance). There is no culture called Sinhala culture. It is the Tamil culture that is projected as Sinhala culture. One example the 14th day of April is observed as New Year day only by the Tamils and Sinhala people throughout the world.
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Origin of the Sinhala Language - Are the Sinhalese really Aryans? Saturday, 20 October 2007 - 5:42 AM - Srilanka Time news paper
As even as late as the 6th century A.D., there was no Sinhala language, the Great Chronicles were written in the Pali
language. Monk Maha Nama hatched the Vijaya myth to dub the Buddhist converts as Aryans, projecting them as
descendants of Bengalis. Maha Nama did not know that the Bengalis were Mongoloid Dravidians. The average
Sinhala man will decline to believe that prince Siddhartha, as a Nepalese, was not an Aryan. No king of Lanka during
the 200 years history of Lanka, claimed that he was of Aryan Dynasty.
How then can the populace claim that they are Aryans? With the mixture of Tamil, Pali and Sanskrit languages
evolved that Sinhala language during 8 A.D. It was not Pali or Sanskrit, but the Tamil language that helped
in the formation of the Sinhala alphabets. The alphabets of the Sinhala language are round in shape like the
alphabets of the other Dravidian languages. Telugue, Malayalam, Kannadam and proto-Tamil. In the 10th century.
Tamils changed the shape of their alphabets to the square shape.
According to Dr. C.E. Godakmubara, the Sinhala Grammar Sidathsangarawa was based on the Tamil Grammar
Virasolium in the 11th A.D. The term `Sihala (Lion in Pali) is seen for the first time in Sri Lankan sources in the Dipa
Vamsa (4-5 A.D.) and in that chronicle, that term occurs only once, and in that cryptic verse it is stated that the Island
was known as `Sinhala` on account of the Lion - `Lanka Dipo Ayam ahu sihena sihalaitu`. In the maha Vamsa the
term `Sihala` - occurs only twice. In the epic Ramayana 420 B.C., this island was known as Lanka much
earlier.
[Rev. S. Gnanapiragasam - `There are more than 4,000 Tamil words in the Sinhala vocabulary. If the Sinhala
vocabulary is stripped of all the Tamil words there will be no Sinhala language.`]
There were no Sinhalese in Lanka or in any part of the world until the Dipa Vamsa for the first time,
referred to the descendants of Tamil (Hindus) who embraced Buddhism in 246 B.C. as Sihala on account of
the Lion (no relevance). There is no culture called Sinhala culture. It is the Tamil culture that is projected
as Sinhala culture. The 14th day of April is observed as New Year, day only by the Tamils and Sinhala
people throughout the world. This fact is strong evidence that the Sinhala people inherited this practice
from their Tamil ancestors who embraced Buddhism in 246 B.C.
Source:- http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2007/10/20510_space.html
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It is stupid to deny that fact. When there was no Sinhala language in Lanka or in any part of the world before 8th A.D., it is thuggery to claim that there were Sinhala people in Lanka prior to the 8th century A.D. Just as the descendants of Tamils who embraced Buddhism in 246 B.C. claim they are Arya Sinhalese Tamils of the Western Coast, from Ragama to Kalpitiya, after adopting Sinhala as their mother tongue, (after the introduction of free education) claim thy are Arya Sinhalese. In Ceylon any person who adopts Sinhala as mother tongue ipso facto is an Aryan.
That is Ceylon logic, Yes, in Ceylon a leopard can change its spots. Wilhelm Geiger - `not what is said, what is left unsaid, is the besetting difference of Sinhala history`.
[The borrowing process] Tamil loanwords in Sinhala can appear in the same form as the original word (e.g. akk ), but this is quite rare. Usually, a word has undergone some kind of modification to fit into the Sinhala phonological (e.g. pa i becomes pa i(ya) because the sound of / /, IPA: [ ], does not exist in the Sinhala phoneme inventory) or morphological system (e.g. ilakkam becomes ilakkama because Sinhala inanimate nouns (see grammatical gender) need to end with /a/, IPA: [ ], in order to be declinable). These are the main ways Tamil words are incorporated into the Sinhala lexicon with different endings:
Few examples of Sinhala words taken from Tamil ? Tamil Words and Meaning in English ] d yama - Income - t yam- Profit akk - Elder sister - akk Elder sister Kinship ambalama - Way-side rest- ampalam Public mb ay - Barber ampa a - Barber Trade g iya - Stall (in a market) a k i - Market Trade ayy - Elder brother - aiy (see also Ayya) Sir, father app - Father (regional/colloquial) - app - Father Kinship ppa Hoppers - App ppam Hoppers Food araliya -Oleander - arali- Oleander ca iy - Bandit, rowdy- ca iyar Bandit c ttaya - Chintz - c ttai Chintz ilakkama- Number- ilakkam Number ediriya- Opposition, hostility- etiri Opponent, enemy Military galka uva- Sugar-candy - ka ka u Sugar-candy Food icc va- Flattery- iccakam Flattery i ama- Site, land - i am Place, site Construction a ? Asthma- ai Asthma Daily ilakkaya ? Target- ilakku Target Military and riy - Young man- i ant ri Young man i avuva - Death, funeral - i avu Death iranav - To saw, to tear- i u- To break, to destroy ira a - Double, even number - ira ai Double, even number j iya- Jar - c i - Jar j uva- Pair- j i/c i Pair ka ad siya - Paper - ka ut si Letter, paper
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In 1833 the Colebrook-Cameron Commission allocated approximately 26,500 sq.km as the Tamil People's Ancestral Motherland.
In 1901 when the nine provinces came into being, the Tamil administration of the Northern and Eastern Provinces measured approximately 19,100 sq.km Due to some of the area being incorporated into the Sinhalese provinces the Tamil area had been reduced by approximately 7,500 sq.km. After 1948 the government's settlement plan deprived the Tamils of 7,000 sq.km. in the Eastern Province and 500 sq.km. in the Northern Province. Although the Tamils protested, the Colombo administration ignored the Tamils and settled Sinhalese in these regions. Approximately 7,500 sq.km of Tamil land was plundered by the Sinhala Government's Demarcation and Resettlement Plan when it came into operation. This has been taking place over the last forty years. Before 1833, 25% of Tamil speaking people occupied 35% of land, which was in their administration as Tamil ancestral homeland. In 1901 this area shrunk from 35% to 29%. Within 162 years the Sinhalese government under its crafty Demarcation and Resettlement Plan has plundered 50% of the Tamil ancestral homeland and is still attempting to colonise more and more! (The original text was produced in Tamil by the Author in 1980s) http://www.globalpeacesupport.com/globalpeacesupport.com/post/2010/08/06/SINHALA-COLONISATION-IN-THE-HEREDITARY-TAMIL-REGIONS-OF-THE-ISLAND-OF-SRI-LANKA.aspx Lecturer at the University of Jaffna. By K. Sachithanandan
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First Map shows the Kingdom of Jaffna Second Map shows the Jaffna Patnam
Kingdom of Jaffna is shown very clearly in the Ceylon map
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
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Preceded by
Puviraja Pandaram
Jaffna Kingdom
1591 1617
Succeeded by
Cankili II
Preceded by
Singai Pararasasegaram
Jaffna Kingdom
15191561
Succeeded by
Puviraja Pandaram
Preceded by
Puviraja Pandaram
Jaffna Kingdom
1565 1582
Succeeded by
Puviraja Pandaram
Preceded by
Ethirimana Cinkam
Jaffna Kingdom
16171619
Succeeded by
Phelipe de Oliveira
Preceded by
Cankili I
Jaffna Kingdom
15611565 Succeeded by
Ethirimanna Cinkam
Succeeded by
Ethirimanna Cinkam Preceded by
Periyapillai
Jaffna Kingdom
15821591
JAFFNA KINGDOM existed FROM 1215 TO 1619
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Rulers of Jaffna Kingdom
(1215-1619)
Kulingai Cakravarti (1215 - 1255)
Chandrabhanu
(Tambralinga) (1255-1262)
Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan (1262-1284)
Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan (1284-1292)
Vickrama Cinkaiariyan (1292-1302)
Varodaya Cinkaiariyan (1302 - 1325)
Martanda Cinkaiariyan (1325 - 1347)
Gunabhooshana
Cinkaiariyan (1347 - ????)
Virodaya Cinkaiariyan (???? - 1380)
Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan (1380 - 1410)
Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan (1410 - 1440)
Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1440 - 1450)
Sapumal Kumaraya
(Kotte Kingdom) (1450 - 1467)
Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1467 - 1478)
Singai Pararasasegaram (1478 - 1519)
Cankili I (1519 - 1561)
Puviraja Pandaram (1561-1665)
Periyapillai (1565-1582)
Puviraja Pandaram (1582-1591)
Ethirimana Cinkam (1591 - 1616)
Cankili II (1617-1619)
Don Constantine
(Native child king under
Portuguese control)
(1619-1624)
Phelipe de Oliveira
(Portuguese Empire) (1624-1627)
NAMES OF THE KINGS WHO RULED JAFFNA KINGDOM FROM 1215 TO 1619
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Mantri Manai - The surving remains
of the minister's quarters that was
reused by the Portuguese and Dutch
colonials[
Cankilian Thoppu - Facade of the palace
belonging to the last king Cankili II.
Nallur Kandaswamy temple - One
of the royal temples of Nallur, the
capital.
Nallur, the capital was built with four entrances with gates. There were two main roadways and four temples at the four gateways. The rebuilt temples that exist now do not match their original locations which instead are occupied by churches erected by the Portuguese. The center of the city was Muthirai Santhai (market place) and was surrounded by a square fortification around it. There were courtly buildings for the Kings, Brahmin priests, soldiers and other service providers. The old Nallur Kandaswamy temple functioned as a defensive fort with high walls. In general, the city was laid out like the traditional temple town according Hindu traditions.
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The Royal family, first from the
right is Cankili I, who held off
the Portuguese Empire.
Reverse of the Setu coin with
Setu legend in Tamil
A Setu coin
OLDEST SETU COINS BELONG TO TAMIL KINGS
Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page 40
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Kingdom of Aryacakravarti
12151624
Flag
Jaffna kingdom at its greatest extent c. 1350.
Capital Nallur
Language(s) Tamil, Sanskrit
Religion Hinduism
Government Monarchy
Aryacakravarti
- 1215-1255 Kulingai Cakravarti
- 16171619 Cankili II
Historical era Medieval era
- Magha invasion of Lanka
causing Fall of Polonnaruwa
Kingdom.
1215
- Portuguese invasion 1505
- Fall of Nallur 1624
Currency Setu coins 41
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Pararacacekaran VII
King of Jaffna
Second from the left is Puviraja Pandaram
Reign 1561 1565
1582 1591
Full name Puviraja Pandaram
Tamil
Died 1591 (1592)
Predecessor Cankili I (Cekaracacekaran VII)
Periyapillai (Cekaracacekaran VIII)
Successor
Periyapillai (Cekaracacekaran VIII)
Ethirimanna Cinkam
(Pararacacekaran VIII)
Offspring Ethirimanna Cinkam
(Pararacacekaran VIII)
Royal House Aryacakravarti dynasty
Father Cankili I (Cekaracacekaran VII)
Cekaracacekaran VIII
King of Jaffna
Jaffna coat of arms
Reign 1565 1582
Full name Periyapillai
Tamil
Died 1582 (1583)
Predecessor Puviraja Pandaram (Pararacacekaran
VII)
Successor Puviraja Pandaram (Pararacacekaran
VII)
Offspring Cankili II (Cekaracacekaran IX)?
Royal House Aryacakravarti dynasty
Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
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Parasasekaran VIII
King of Jaffna
Jaffna coat of arms
Reign 1591 1617
Full name Ethirimanna Cinkam
Tamil
Died 1617 (1618)
Predecessor Puviraja Pandaram
(Parasasekaran VII)
Successor Cankili II
(Cekaracacekaran IX)
Royal House Aryacakravarti dynasty
Father Puviraja Pandaram
(Parasasekaran VII)
Cekaracacekaran VII
Cankili I
King of the Jaffna Kingdom
Statue of Cankili I in Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Reign 15191561
Full name Cankilian Sekarasasekaran
Tamil
Birthplace Nallur
Died 1565 (1566)
Place of death Nallur
Buried Nallur
Predecessor Singai Pararasasegaram (Pararacacekaran
VI)
Successor Puviraja Pandaram (Pararacacekaran VII)
Offspring Puviraja Pandaram (Pararacacekaran VII)
Royal House Aryacakravarti dynasty
Father Singai Pararasasegaram (Pararacacekaran
VI)
Mother Mangathammal
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44
Last king of Kandy is a Tamil named Vickrama Raja Singa, his wife
Monumental Mausoleum (Burial Grave) or headstone
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The Tamil and Tamil blooded Queens & Kings of Ceylon. Tamils are the rulers of this country for thousands of years. With so many Tamil rulers and history, the Sinhalese must be out of their mind to claim the entire country for themselves. Wednesday, 24 September 2008 - 10:28 AM Srilankan Time news paper
TAMIL & TAMIL BLOODED KINGS & RULERS OF CEYLON 0. KUVENI, Queen of Eelam succeeded her father as Queen and ruled the island before the arrival of Vijaya ( Not enough evidence to prove Kuveni`s language, based on her Naga heritage, most probably she may be a Tamil. Definitely she is not a Sinhalese. 7. MUTASIVA 367-307 BC 8. DEVANAMPIYA THEESAN 307-267 BC second Son of King Mutasiva 9. UTTIYA 267-257 BC Brother of King Devanampiya Theesan 10. MAHASIVA 257-247 BC Second (younger) brother of King Devanampiya Tissa 11. SURATHEESAN 247-237 BC Younger brother of King Mutasiva SENA & GUTTILA 237-215 BC Two Tamil Chief`s, killed King Suratissa and captured the throne at Anuradhapura. Sinhala rule was re-established in 215 BC 14. ELLALAN/ELARA 205-161 BC (the Just) A Tamil Prince of the Chola Dynasty from South India ruled the country for 44 years THE LONGEST RULER IN THE HISTORY OF SRI LANKA. During this period of rule by the Tamil King Elara whio ruled from Anuradhapura, the capital of Raja Rata (King`s Territory), there were two Sub-Divisions of the Island known as Maya Rata to the South West and Ruhuna to the South East. The tank situated in the Northern Province called Vanunik Kulam was also constructed by him. He ruled over Ceylon for forty four years.
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22. PULAHATHA 103-100 BC Tamil Chief Reigned supreme for three years and was
murdered by his Chief Minister, Bahiya.
23. BAHIYA 100-98 BC Chief Minister of Pulahatha Ruled for two years with the Chief
Panayamara as Prime Minister who also murdered him and took power.
24. PANAYAMARA/PANAYAMARAN 98-91 BC Prime Minister of Bahiya Reigned for
seven years and was murdered by his Chief Minister, Piliyamara
25. PILAYAMARA/ PILLAYMAR 91 BC Chief Minister of Panayamara Reigned for
seven months and was murdered by his Chief Minister, Dathiya
26. DATHIYA 90-88 BC Chief Minister of Pilayamara Reigned for two years before he
was killed
31. Queen ANULA 47-41 BC first Queen of Lanka SHE WAS ATTRACTED TO TAMIL
MEN. She made Siva, the palace guard as her consort. Subsequently she poisoned Siva
and lived with an TAMIL carpenter, Vatuka, and many other Tamil men.
69. PANDU 428-433 AD
70. PARINDA 433 AD Son of Pandu, second Tamil ruler
71. KHUDA PARINDA 433-449 AD Younger brother of Pandu, Third Tamil ruler during
this period
72. TIRITARA 449 AD Fourth Tamil ruler was defeated and slain by Dhatusena within 2
months
73. DATHIYA 449-452 AD Fifth Tamil ruler - was defeated and slain by Dhatusena after
a war lasting 3 years
74. PITHIYA 452 AD Sixth Tamil ruler The latter Anuradhapura Period
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76. KASYAPA 470-488 AD - son of King Dhatusena by a Pallava woman, killed his father and moved
his capital from Anuradhapura to Sigiraya. He was later dethroned by his exiled brother, Mogallana,
who returned the capital to Anuradhapura
102. MANAVAMMA 672-707 AD Son of Kassapa I, descendant of Silamegahavanna - In the seventh
century A.D., Tamil influence became firmly embedded in the island`s culture when Sinhalese Prince
Manavamma seized the throne with Pallava assistance. The dynasty that Manavamma established
was heavily indebted to Pallava patronage and continued for almost three centuries. During this
time, Pallava influence extended to architecture and sculpture, both of which bear noticeable Hindu
motifs.
Rule of Tamil Pandyas in the Anuradhapura 846-866
129. RAJADIRAJA THE GREAT 1007-1019 AD Chola (Tamil) Administration
POLANARUWA PERIOD:
141. PARAKRAMA BAHU I 1140-1173 AD Grandson of Vijaya Bahu I, Prince of Royal Blood,
Pandyan descent, son of Manabharana - Vijaya Bahu`s sister, Mitta and TAMIL PANDIYA PRINCE.
148. QUEEN LILAVATI/THRILOKASUNTHARI 1184-1187 AD Widow of King Parakrama Bahu I
Queen Lilavati belonged to the Pandya line on her father`s side. The country was peaceful and
prosperous and the Queen was able to devote her time to the development of literature, music,
drama and art. She ruled for three years wisely and well. She was removed from the throne by her
co-Ministers
153. QUEEN LILAVATI 1196-1197 AD - Widow of King Parakrama Bahu She was placed on the
throne for the second time by General Camunakka and he ruled the country through her for one
year.
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155. QUEEN LILAVATI 1197-1198 AD - Widow of King Parakrama Bahu Ascended the
throne for the third time. She was of undiluted Royal blood and a woman of dignity who
commanded the respect and admiration of those with whom she came in contact. In the
seventh month of her reign King Parakrama of Pandu invaded Lanka and deposed her.
156. PARAKRAMA PANDIAN (Parakum Pandi) 1198-1201 South Indian Tamil
(Pandyan) He ascended the throne deposing Queen Lilavati. He produced himself to be
wise and capable monarch who administered justice strictly in accordance with the law
of the land.
Year 1233, The Tamils of Jaffana kingdom, led by a Prince named Chandra Bhanu, son
of the ruler of Jaffna, invaded the country in the eleventh year of Panditha Parakrama
Bahu`s reign.
163. CHANDRA BHANU 1270 AD Son of the ruler of Yapa Patuna (Jaffnapatnam) He
captured the Fort of Yapahuva but was deprived of his victory by the Pandya Emperor
Kulasekera.
164. PARAKRAMA BAHU III 1270-1275 Nephew of Buvaneka Bahu I, son of Vijaya
Bahu IV His mother was a sister of TAMIL Kulasekera Pandiyam. He was established
as King of Polonnaruwa. During his reign the island was invaded by a Pandyan army
led by one Chakravarti.
168. VIJAYA BAHU V (Jaya Bahu) 1307 AD Second son of Chandra Banu of
Jaffnapatnam Vijaya Bahu was reigning in the north of the Malayan Peninsula, retreated to Anuradhapura, where he met Parakrama bahu IV.
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174. PARAKRAMA BAHU VI 1410-1462 AD Prince named Sepanana (Jayapala)
descended from Parakrama Bahu, the third son of Chandra Banu of Yapa Patuna
(Jaffnapatnam), and whose mother, Sunethradevi, was a daughter of the daughter of
Parakrama Bahu V of Dedigama
The king had two adopted sons, named Sapumal Kumara and Ambulugala Kumara.
175. VIRA PARAKRAMA BAHU VII 1462 AD Jaya Bahu son of Parakrama Bahu II`s
natural daughter, Ulakudaya Devi (TAMIL) Jaya Bahu, on ascension to the throne
assumed the name Vira Parakrama Bahu. He was not allowed to occupy the throne for
many days. His uncle Sapumal Kumara hastened to Kotte from Jaffna and put him to
death.
176. BHUVANEKA BAHU VI 1462-1469 AD SENPAKA PERUMAL (Sapumal Kumara)
son of Parakrama Bahu VI After putting to death Vira Parakrama Bahu VII, Sapumal
Kumara ascended the throne under the title Bhuvaneka Bahu VI.
(TAMIL BLOODED NAYAKE DYNASTY RULED THE KANDYAN KINGDOM UNTIL
1815. TAMILS KINGS OF JAFFNA KINGDOM ARE NOT INCLUDED HERE. ALL
THE ABOVE TAMIL/TAMIL BLOODED KINGS RULED THE SINHALA SOUTH)
Source(s) http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/ lkawgw/slm-kings.htm
http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2008/9/32748_space.html
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50
This hand written document of Alexander Solsudean on 4th Nov. 1807 about he Tamil and Sinhalese areas. He is writing Tamils as Malabar.
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51
It is rather intriguing to note at page 392 of Pundit Dr. NANDASENA
WIJESEKERA`s book, `The Sinhalese` the following is recorded.
TIGER flag represented the WELLASSEY DISSAWE and also HATH KORALE (ZS). It is not a coincidence that the districts of Welassey and Hath Korales flew the Tiger flag as the residents were Tamils and owed their allegiance to their original home of the Cholas of South India. The fact that Tamils lived in the said districts cannot be disputed. No Sinhalese will ever dare fly the TIGER FLAG, unless he is a Tamil. The residents of
Wellassey and Hath Korales flew the TIGER FLAG during the reign of the Tamil King Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe in 1815 AD, were undoubtedly
Tamils.
Since 1815 due to political expediency and compulsion of successive Sinhala governments by draconian laws, these Tamils adopted the Sinhala language.This
pattern was seen in the west coast of the island from Puttalam right down to the southern extremity of the country. A search in the land registry of these
districts would reveal that the title deeds have been written in TAMIL. This goes to prove that the civil administration of these districts was in TAMIL and
RULED BY TAMIL KINGS.
The eleven signatories to the Kandyan Convention. They were rulers of the revenue districts for the sole purpose of maintaining law and order and for
collecting revenue for the king. These appointments were made at the express command of king Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe alias Kannusamy. The two
districts viz Hath Korale on the west of the country and the other Wellassey on the south east of the country was a strategically important to the King of
Kandy. Through these districts the king had access to the sea ports of Batticola on the east coast and Chilaw on the west coast for trade and commerce.
During the reign of Tamil King Elara (145 BC), of Ceylon who ruled from Polnnaruwa, Maiyangane was his military outpost. King Elara was a prince from
the house of the Imperial Cholas of South India. During his reign he settled men from the kingdom of the Cholas in and around Polnnaruwa, Anuradhapura
etc. These Tamils went on pilgrimages to the Hindu kovil at Katargamam on the Southern extremity of the country. There were Tamil Brahmins officiating
as priests at this temple.
They lived with their families and a whole colony of Tamils sprang up at Katargamam. Katargamam was and is part of the Tamil homeland and the southern
boundary of the district of Wellassey. On the west coast of the country is the famous Muneswaram Hindi Temple and its environ which also became a
strong hold of the Tamils. This was home for hordes of Tamils from south India.
This falls within the district of Hath Korale which was under the control of the king of Kandy.Both districts Hath Korale and Wellassay flew the TIGER flag an emblem of the Imperial Cholas and now of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. A glimmer of hope was seen in the intrusion of another foreign country which had the same greed to convert the riches of the island to itself. With the fall
of Trincomalee on 20th of August 1795 and Colombo on 16th February 1796 to the British, the Catholic church was given freedom of worship by a
proclamation dated 3rd August 1796. This freedom of worship was extended to all other religions practised in the island whether Christian or pagan.
The Portuguese were directly responsible for the mass exodus of TAMILS of the KARAVA and PARAVAcastes from the fishery-coast of Punniyakayal, of
South India to the west coast of Ceylon.(CC, p 346,347,vol:l). They were all Catholics by conversion. Their intention was to have a Catholic community
living on the fringe of the location where there were spices. Their intentions was that this would expose them to learn the methods adapted by the natives in
their cultivation and harvesting. They felt that these expatriates were under their power and more amenable to their control to obtain optimum benefit in
financial returns and a bulwark against the pagans.
Royal Palace and the sacred Temple of the Tooth (known as the Dalada Maligawa). The Tamil king Sri Wicramarajasingan (last King of kandy) who transformed Kandy into a celestial city, Source:-http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2009/3/41440_space.html
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The original history of Tambapanni then Ceylon which is later named as Sri Lanka
Ceylon is a teardrop-shaped island in the Indian Ocean, southeast of India. It has an area of 65,610 square kilometers (25,332 square miles), and is mostly flat or rolling plains. However, the highest point in Sri Lanka is Pidurutalagala, at an impressive 2,524 meters (8,281 feet) in altitude. The lowest point is sea level.
Fluctuations in sea level led to Ceylon being linked to the Indian subcontinent from time to time over the past million years. The last such link occurred about 5000 BC.
Findings at Iranamadu indicate that there were Paeolithic people in Sri Lanka as early as 300,000 BP. There is definite evidence of settlements by prehistoric peoples in Ceylon by about 125,000 BP. These people made tools of quartz and chert which are assignable to the Middle Pal-aeolithic period.
Elara (235 BC - 161 BC), also known as Elalan in Tamil, was a Chola king from the Chola Kingdom, in present day South India, who ruled ceylon from 205 BC to 161 BC from the ancient capital of Anuradhapura. King Elara often referred as 'the Just King'. Elara is a peculiar figure in the history of Ceylon and one with particular resonance given the ongoing ethnic strife in the country. Although he was an invader, he is often regarded as one of Ceylons wisest and most just monarchs, as highlighted in Sinhalese chronicle Mahavamsa.
According to the chronicle, even Elara's nemesis king Dutugemunu had a great respect for him, and ordered a monument be built, where Elara was cremated after he was slain sneakily in battle.
52
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Contd Elara was a just ruler, even though he is a Hindu, was tolerant of Buddhism. The tank situated in the Northern Province called Vanunik Kulam was also constructed by him. He ruled over Ceylon for forty four years when he was slain in battle by Prince Dutu Gemunu (Dutta Gamini) in 161 BC. King Dutugemunu had a great respect for him, and ordered a monument be built, where Elara was cremated after he was slain sneakily in battle.
When Prince Vijaya landed on Tambaparanni (Ceylon, then Srilanka) in 5th century BC with his seven hundred followers from India dated to 543 BC, they saw a dog. Vijaya's men, surmising that 'Only where there is a village are dogs to be found', followed the creature, only to come upon the Queen of the Yakkhas, Kuveni. An elderly man conducted the wedding ceremony of the Yakkhas Queen, was wedded to Vijaya, the Aryan Prince. The coronation ceremony of the King followed the marriage.
Vijaya and Kuveni reigned as King and Queen of Tambaparanni for five years and their subjects were happy and contented. They had a son and a daughter. Vijaya abandoned Kuveni and his two children to marry an Aryan Princess from a Royal family from India to whom he had been betrothed before he was banished from his homeland. He made her his new Queen of the Tambaparanni. His followers married women from the land of this Queen and from this union sprang the Sinhalese race.
Kuveni, broken hearted and alone, cursed Vijaya, his Kingdom and all the future rulers of the Island stating that no ruler would ever be able to rule the land without bloodshed and strife. She then went back to her people and was received with a hail of stones. She fell to the ground and lay in a heap as the stones pounded the life out of her. After the death of Yakkhas Queen Kuveni, under the hands of her own kinsmen whom she had earlier betrayed, her son and daughter escaped to the jungle, they are the present day Veddahs.
53
-
Contd
Ceylons total population is approximately 21.5 million. Nearly three-quarters, 73.8%, are ethnic Sinhalese. Ceylon Tamils make up about 12% of the population, while more recent Indian Tamil immigrants, brought in as agricultural labour by the British colonial government, represent 5%. Another 7% of Ceylonese are the Malays and Moors, descendants of Arab and Southeast Asian traders who plied the Indian Ocean monsoon winds for more than a thousand years. There are also tiny numbers of Dutch and British settlers, and aboriginal Veddahs, whose ancestors arrived at least 18,000 years ago.
In 1931, Britain granted the local population a degree of self-government. And 16 years later the nation of Ceylon came into being when Britain granted the island independence on Feb. 4, 1948. The new country was no longer a British colony of the British Empire, but a member of the British Commonwealth.
In 1972 Ceylon adopted a new constitution, declared itself a republic while retaining membership in the Commonwealth of Nations, and changed its name from Ceylon to a Sinhala name Sri Lanka against the aspiration of the Tamil Nationals.
54
-
55
Sinhala colonisation along the river beds in the
name of development and for easy cultivation
-
Kandy 1 October 1833 5,575 km2
(2,153 sq mi)
99 km2 (38
sq mi)
5,674 km2
(2,191 sq mi) 2,423,966
435 /km2
(1,127/sq mi)
Trincomalee 1 October 1833 9,361 km2
(3,614 sq mi)
635 km2 (245
sq mi)
9,996 km2
(3,859 sq mi) 1,419,602*
152 /km2
(394/sq mi)
Area map Provincial
capital Date Created Land area
Inland water
area Total area Population
Population
density
Northern Jaffna 1 October
1833
8,290 km2 (3,201
sq mi)
594 km2 (229
sq mi)
8,884 km2
(3,430 sq mi) 1,040,963*
117 /km2
(303/sq mi)
Anuradhapura 1873 9,741 km2
(3,761 sq mi)
731 km2 (282
sq mi)
10,472 km2
(4,043 sq mi) 1,104,677
105 /km2
(272/sq mi)
Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page 56
-
Kurunegala 1845 7,506 km2 (2,898
sq mi)
382 km2 (147
sq mi)
7,888 km2 (3,046
sq mi) 2,169,892
275 /km2
(712/sq mi)
Area map Provincial
capital Date Created Land area
Inland water
area Total area Population
Population
density
Ratnapura 1889 4,921 km2
(1,900 sq mi)
47 km2 (18
sq mi)
4,948 km2
(1,910 sq mi) 1,801,331
364 /km2
(943/sq mi)
Galle 1 October 1833 5,383 km2
(2,078 sq mi)
161 km2 (62
sq mi)
5,544 km2
(2,141 sq mi) 2,278,271
411 /km2
(1,064/sq mi)
Badulla 1886 8,335 km2 (3,218
sq mi)
165 km2 (64
sq mi)
8,500 km2
(3,282 sq mi) 1,177,358
139 /km2
(360/sq mi)
Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page 57
-
Colombo 1 October 1833 3,593 km2
(1,387 sq mi)
91 km2 (35
sq mi)
3,684 km2
(1,422 sq mi) 5,381,197
1,461 /km2
(3,784/sq mi)
Area map Provincial
capital Date Created Land area
Inland water
area Total area Population
Population
density
Northern Jaffna 1 October
1833
8,290 km2 (3,201
sq mi)
594 km2 (229
sq mi)
8,884 km2
(3,430 sq mi) 1,040,963*
117 /km2
(303/sq mi)
Eastern Trincomalee 1 October 1833 9,361 km2
(3,614 sq mi)
635 km2
(245 sq mi)
9,996 km2
(3,859 sq mi) 1,419,602*
152 /km2
(394/sq mi)
North
Eastern
Trincomalee
Jaffna
September 1988 to
31 December 2006
17,651 km2
(6,815 sq mi)
1,229 km2
(475 sq mi)
18,880 km2
(7,290 sq mi) 2,460,565*
130 /km2
(337/sq mi)
58
-
Percentage of Ceylon Tamils
per district based on
2001 or 1981 (italic) census
Distribution of ethnic native Ceylon Tamils throughout the Island including the eastern
Trincomalee (34.3%), Batticaloa (70.8)and Ampara districts (18.4%)
Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page 59
-
Trincomalee District
Sri Lankan Administrative District
Trincomalee district's population was 334,363 in 2007
Eastern Trincomalee 1 October 1833 9,361 km2
(3,614 sq mi)
635 km2 (245
sq mi)
9,996 km2 (3,859
sq mi) 1,419,602*
152 /km2
(394/sq mi)
Area map Provincial
capital Date Created Land area
Inland water
area Total area Population
Population
density
Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
60
-
Population of Trincomalee District by ethnic group 1827 to 2007
Year
Sri Lankan Moors1 Tamils2 Sinhalese Others Total
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
1827 3,245 16.94% 15,663 81.76% 250 1.30% 0 0.00% 19,158 100.00%
1881 Census 5,746 25.89% 14,304 64.44% 935 4.21% 1,212 5.46% 22,197 100.00%
1891 Census 6,426 24.96% 17,117 66.49% 1,105 4.29% 1,097 4.26% 25,745 100.00%
1901 Census 8,258 29.04% 17,060 59.98% 1,203 4.23% 1,920 6.75% 28,441 100.00%
1911 Census 9,700 32.60% 17,233 57.92% 1,138 3.82% 1,684 5.66% 29,755 100.00%
1921 Census 12,846 37.66% 18,580 54.47% 1,501 4.40% 1,185 3.47% 34,112 100.00%
1946 Census 23,219 30.58% 33,795 44.51% 11,606 15.29% 7,306 9.62% 75,926 100.00%
1953 Census 28,616 34.10% 37,517 44.71% 15,296 18.23% 2,488 2.96% 83,917 100.00%
1963 Census 40,775 29.43% 54,452 39.30% 39,925 28.82% 3,401 2.45% 138,553 100.00%
1971 Census 59,924 31.83% 71,749 38.11% 54,744 29.08% 1,828 0.97% 188,245 100.00%
1981 Census 75,039 29.32% 93,132 36.39% 85,503 33.41% 2,274 0.89% 255,948 100.00%
2001 Census3
2007 Estimate 152,019 45.47% 96,142 28.75% 84,766 25.35% 1,436 0.43% 334,363 100.00%
Sources:[4][9]
1 Sri Lankan Moors and Sri Lankan Malays. 2 Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils. 3 2001 Census was only carried out partially in Trincomalee district.
61
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DS Division Main Town GN
Divisions
Area
(km2)
Population (2007 Estimate)[4]
Sri Lankan
Moor
Sri Lankan
Tamil Sinhalese
Indian
Tamil Burgher Malay Other Total
Verugal &
Eachchalampattu Eachchalampattu 9 98.0 0 6,617 0 0 0 0 0 6,617
Gomarankadawala Gomarankadawala 10 285.0 0 22 5,855 0 0 0 2 5,879
Kanthalai Kanthalai 23 397.3 7,580 1,596 33,630 15 9 15 16 42,861
Kinniya Kinniya 31 146.9 59,055 2,503 0 0 0 0 0 61,558
Kuchchaveli Kuchchaveli 24 313.3 18,971 6,646 412 1 289 0 8 26,327
Morawewa or
Muthalikkulam
Morawewa or
Muthalikkulam 10 322.4 954 544 4,065 0 0 0 0 5,563
Muthur Muthur 42 179.4 34,080 12,529 146 361 2 0 14 47,132
Padavi Siripura Siripura 10 217.1 0 1 10,664 1 0 0 0 10,666
Seruwila Seruwila 17 377.0 2,079 1,876 7,152 8 0 0 27 11,142
Thampalakamam Thampalakamam 12 244.4 16,799 4,352 6,005 24 0 3 389 27,572
Trincomalee Town &
Gravets Trincomalee 42 148.0 12,174 58,966 16,837 80 667 309 13 89,046
Total 230 2,728.8 151,692 95,652 84,766 490 967 327 469 334,363
Trincomalee district is divided into 11 Divisional Secretary's (DS) Divisions, each headed
by a Divisional Secretary (previously known as an Assistant Government Agent). The DS
Divisions are further sub-divided into 230 Grama Niladhari (GN) Divisions (villages).
62
-
Batticaloa District Sri Lankan Administrative District
Batticaloa Tamil dialect is shared between Tamils, Moors, Veddhas and
Portuguese Burghers in the eastern province. The Tamil dialect used by
residents of the Trincomalee district has many similarities with the Jaffna
Tamil dialect. Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page 63
-
Year
Tamils1 Ceylon Moors2 Sinhalese Others Total
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
1881 Census 61,014 57.80% 37,255 35.29% 5,012 4.75% 2,277 2.16% 105,558 100.00%
1891 Census 69,584 56.71% 44,780 36.50% 6,403 5.22% 1,932 1.57% 122,699 100.00%
1901 Census 79,857 55.01% 54,190 37.33% 7,575 5.22% 3,539 2.44% 145,161 100.00%
1911 Census 83,948 54.53% 60,695 39.43% 5,771 3.75% 3,529 2.29% 153,943 100.00%
1921 Census 84,665 53.35% 63,146 39.79% 7,243 4.56% 3,655 2.30% 158,709 100.00%
1946 Census 102,264 50.33% 85,805 42.23% 11,850 5.83% 3,267 1.61% 203,186 100.00%
1953 Census 130,381 48.20% 106,706 39.45% 31,174 11.52% 2,232 0.83% 270,493 100.00%
1963 Census3 141,110 71.93% 46,038 23.47% 6,715 3.42% 2,326 1.19% 196,189 100.00%
1971 Census 181,527 70.71% 60,889 23.72% 11,548 4.50% 2,757 1.07% 256,721 100.00%
1981 Census 237,787 71.98% 78,829 23.86% 11,255 3.41% 2,462 0.75% 330,333 100.00%
2001 Census4
2007 Estimate 381,984 74.05% 129,045 25.02% 2,397 0.46% 2,431 0.47% 515,857 100.00%
Sources:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
1 Ceylon Tamils and Indian Tamils. 2 Ceylon Moors and Ceylon Malays. 3 Ampara district was carved out of Batticaloa district in 1963. 4 2001
Census was only carried out partially in Batticaloa district.
Population of Batticaloa District by ethnic group 1881 to 2007
64
-
DS Division Main Town GN
Divisions
Area
(km2)
Population (2007 Estimate)[4]
Ceylon
Tamil
Ceylon
Moor Sinhalese
Indian
Tamil Burgher Malay Other Total
Eravur Pattu Chenkalady 39 634.16 61,058 13,333 1,430 7 58 0 0 75,886
Eravur Town Eravur 17 3.74 3,497 21,447 4 0 76 0 0 25,024
Kattankudy Kattankudy 18 3.89 5 39,517 0 0 0 0 1 39,523
Koralai Pattu Valaichchenai 12 484.50 24,436 25 69 18 40 1 0 24,589
Koralai Pattu Central Pasikudah 9 969 23,421 84 0 36 0 0 24,510
Koralai Pattu North Vakarai 16 550.00 21,262 0 1 0 0 0 0 21,263
Koralai Pattu South Kiran 18 19,639 0 7 13 0 0 0 19,659
Koralai Pattu West Oddamavadi 8 176.00 147 20,832 3 0 3 0 0 20,985
Manmunai North Batticaloa 48 75.09 82,031 3,845 226 63 2,197 80 17 88,459
Manmunai Pattu Araipattai 27 31.72 24,202 6,541 1 2 1 0 0 30,747
Manmunai South &
Eruvil Pattu Kaluwanchikudy 45 52.50 57,855 3 18 39 1 0 1 57,917
Manmunai South West Kokkadichcholai 24 161.60 23,789 0 199 0 0 0 0 23,988
Manmunai West Vavunathivu 24 292.70 25,024 0 1 0 0 0 0 25,025
Poratheevu Pattu Vellavely 43 167.20 37,927 0 354 1 0 0 0 38,282
Total - Population (2007 Estimate) 348 2,633.10 381,841 128,964 2,397 143 2,412 81 19 515,857
Batticaloa district is divided into 14 Divisional Secretary's (DS) Divisions, each headed by a Divisional Secretary (previously known as
an Assistant Government Agent)The DS Divisions are further sub-divided into 348 Grama Niladhari (GN) Divisions (villages).
65
-
Ampara district's population was 610,719 in 2007. The district is one of the most
diverse in Ceylon, both ethnically and religiously.
Ampara District
Ceylon Administrative District
The population of the district, like the
rest of the North and East, has been
affected by the civil war. The war has
killed an estimated 70,000 people.
Several hundred thousand Ceylon
Tamils, possibly as much as 400,000,
have emigrated to the West since the
start of the war. There are a further
800,000 internally displaced persons in
Sri Lanka, many of them living in
refugee camps in the North and East and
depending on aid provided by NGOs.
Source:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page 66
-
Year
Ceylon Moor Sinhalese Ceylon Tamil Indian Tamil Others Total
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
1963 Census 97,621 46.11% 61,996 29.28% 49,185 23.23% 1,312 0.62% 1,618 0.76% 211,732 100.00%
1971 Census 126,365 46.35% 82,280 30.18% 60,519 22.20% 1,771 0.65% 1,670 0.61% 272,605 100.00%
1981 Census 161,568 41.54% 146,943 37.78% 77,826 20.01% 1,411 0.36% 1,222 0.31% 388,970 100.00%
2001 Census 244,620 41.25% 236,583 39.90% 109,188 18.41% 715 0.12% 1,891 0.32% 592,997 100.00%
2007 Estimate 268,630 43.99% 228,938 37.49% 111,948 18.33% 58 0.01% 1,145 0.19% 610,719 100.00%
Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Population of Ampara District by ethnic group 1963 to 2007
Ampara is said to be a stronghold of Ceylon Muslim politics and it is claimed by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil
Eelam, as part of their Tamil Eelam homeland. Muslims also requesting a self ruled Muslim region. 67
-
These areas are forcefully taken away Tamil areas and included or joined with the
Sinhala areas after colonisation - from Negombo, to Puttalam on one side. On the other
Eastern side starting from Pathaviya to Thesaimarakamam.
Puttalam Gj;jsk; Vannathivillu Tz;zhj;jp tpy;Y
Anaimadu - MidkL Chillow- rpyhgk; Natthandy- ehj;jhd;b Vennappu- ntd;dg;G Negombo -ePh;nfhOk;G
Pathaviya - gjtpah Kepaddikellava nfg;gpl;b nfhyht Horapothana nfhwtg; nfhj;jhid Pollanaruva -nghy;ydWit Badulla - tJis Maheyankanai - kfpaq;fid Monoragalla - nkhdwhfiy Thesaimarakamam - jpirkhwhfkk;
PLANNED STAGE ONE COLONISATION OF TAMIL AREAS BY SINHALESE
Source:-Knathalakam K. Sachithananthan 68
-
Musali - Kryp
Pathavi Sripura -gjtp rpwpGuk; Kumaran Kadavai - Fkud; flit Moravavi nkhwthtp Thampalakamam - jk;gyfhkk; Kanthalai - fe;jsha; Seruvalai NrUtiy Patheyatthalava - gjpaj;jyhit Maha Oya - kfh Xah Ukanai cfiz Sammanthurai - rk;khe;Jiw Thampanai - jk;gid Laku kala - yF fiy
These areas are forcefully taken away Tamil areas and included or joined with the
Sinhala areas after colonisation Musali on one side. On the other Eastern side starting from Pathavi Sripura to Laku kala
SECOND STAGE COLONISATION OF TAMIL AREAS BY SINHALESE
Source:-Knathalakam K. Sachithananthan 69
-
Sinhala Fisherman displaced from South, came to Occupy East, Ceylon Sinhala Government gave Official Acknowledgment and Recognition for the Sinhalese occupying the Tamils areas.
Government gave official support and help to displaced fishermen. They made the displaced settlement official recognition. Governments planned colonisation originated in five separate points. Step by step river root colonisation starting from Amparai to Kununai end Alai, Kanthalai, Seruvelai second point end colonisation Pathavia, Manal aru third point end colonisation Vilpattu to Musalai fourth point end colonisation. Fisherman encroachment fifth point end colonisation
In1901Ceylon became nine provinces, Tamils governing areas of Northern Province and Eastern Province consists of 19,100 sq Kmsq land area. Muthu Chilow Vannimai and Thampan Kadavai of Tamils land area was merged to Sinhalese Governing areas as a result 7,500 sq kmsq was reduced to tamils. Even though Tamils protested, after 1948 governments planned Sinhala colonisation in the Eastern Province reduced 7,000 sq km sq and in the Northern Province about 500 sq km sq areas were taken away from Tamils and given to Sinhalese bogus settlers. Governments planed aim, during the last 40 years is to take away 7,500 sq km sq land from Tamils and to merge with the Sinhalese areas which was described in the Provincial boundaries talks of the reorganising stagey.
Source:-Knathalakam K. Sachithananthan 70
-
Systematic Sep by Step Reduction of Tamil Areas
In1833 Colebrook Cameron set provincial areas, became Tamils Traditional Home Land Boundaries about 26,500 sq.km,.
Before 1833, Tamil speaking national was 25% of the country, had 35% of the land as their
traditional land as their governing areas.
In 1901 this area of land was reduced and came down to 29% from 35%.
Again the same 25% Tamil race had only 17% land area within their governing areas, so Tamil
races provincial boundary agreement came to reorganising talks.
Within one hundred and fifty two years time (1833 1995) 50% of the Tamils traditional home land was systematically absorbed by the Sinhalese. (Eg: Mathuru Oya, development plan)
Source:-Knathalakam K. Sachithananthan 71
-
Table Shows the Language based percentage proportion of the population
PROVINCE CAPITAL AREA sq km % POPULATION In 1901 %
Upper Province Colombo 3,705 6% 920,683 26%
Central Province Kandy 5,959 9% 622,832 17%
Southern Province Galle 5,550 8% 566,736 16%
Northern Province Jaffna 8,700 13% 340,936 10%
Eastern Province Batticoloa 10,352 16% 173,602 5%
North Eastern Province Kurunagal 7,750 12% 353,626 10%
North Central Province Anurathapura 10,352 16% 79,111 2%
Uva Province Badulla 8,160 12% 186,674 5%
Subrakamuva Province Ratnapura 4,918 8% 321,755 9%
Total 65,534 100% 3,565,955 100%
PROVINCE SINHALESE LANGUAGE TAMIL LANGUAGE OTHER LANGUAGE
Upper Province 83.0% 14.0% 3.0%
Central Province 59.0% 40.5% 0.5%
Southern Province 94.0% 5.7% 0.3%
Northern Province 4.5% 95.0% 0.5%
Eastern Province 24.5% 75.0% 0.5%
North Eastern Province 89.5% 10.0% 0.5%
North Central Province 90.0% 9.9% 0.1%
Uva Province 65.5% 34.0% 0.5%
Subrakamuva Province 31.5% 18.0% 0.5%
Table Shows Language based Races in Every Provinces and its Percentage Proportion 1995
72
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TAMIL EELAMS SEA BOUNDRIES FOR FISHING INDUSTRY
Source:-Knathalakam K. Sachithananthan
73
Tamil Eela Fishing Boundaries
Tamil Eela
Sea Boundaries
Size: 1: 43,75,000
Ancient Tamil Brami Alphabets
-
Sinhala settlements After Independence from the British in 1948, the Colombo government started implementing new legislation to requisition land and settle the Sinhala population. The government put into place a scheme plan so as to reduce the land of the Tamils and increase the land of the Sinhala population. In its plan was the demarcation of borders intended to reclaim Tamil land in order to benefit the Sinhala people. Since 1827 - Tamil and Sinhala populations in Batticaloa district Table is shown on language basis (Until 1963 it includes Amparai district)
Year Tamil Speaking Sinhala Speaking
1827 99.62% 0.00%
1881 93.27% 4.75%
1891 93.2% 5.21%
1901 92.34% 5.21%
1911 92.95% 3.74%
1921 93.12% 4.56%
1946 92.55% 5.83%
1953 87.64% 11.52%
1963* 95.6% 3.35%*
1971 94.49% 4.49%
1981 95.95% 3.21%
SINHALA COLONISATION IN TOOK PLACE IN THE HEREDITARY TAMIL
REGIONS OF THE ISLAND OF SRI LANKA since independence in 1948
*In 1963 - Creation of Amparai district to help the Sinhalese to settle in Tamil area in East Eelam.
This is a brief history of how the Ceylon government and its
destructive agents plundered and robbed 50% of the ancestral
lands of the Tamils in the Island of Ceylon
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The Gal Oya Project In the year 1952 the Pattipolai River was renamed "Gal Oya" which is a Sinhalese name. A dam was built across the river. The water pumped from this dam was used by the Sinhalese who settled there. This was another master plan to stifle the progress of the Tamil people.
1963 saw the creation of a new district known as Amparai (beautiful rock). Later an area was created for voters to assist the Sinhala people. This new area was called "Digamadulla" in the Sinhala language. Tamil and Sinhala population in Amparai district Table is shown language basis (Amparai district was created in 1963)
Year Tamil Speakings Sinhala Speaking
1963 70.22% 29.34%
1971 69.47% 30.18%
1981 62.03% 37.64%
During ethnic conflicts the Sinhalese brought armed thugs to chase the Tamils away from their villages and the Sinhalese came and settled in these Tamil areas. Recently in the District of Amparai more than 300 Saivaite (in English - "Hindu") temples were damaged. The priest of the well-known Murugan Temple was driven out and replaced by a Buddhist priest. Buddhists also control the nearby Buddhist Temple.
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In the Eastern Province in 1948 the Sinhala population was only 5% but by 1995 it had increased to 24%. This is the result of the Sinhala government's planned resettlement of Tamil areas by Sinhalese colonists. According to the government Resettlement and Border Demarcation plan, Digamadulla electorate will be annexed to Uva Province.
Allai - Kantalai Project Gal Oya was planned. The same plan was used to resettle Sinhalese in Kantalai and Allai in 1952. Here also the Sinhalese are in the majority. This zone is in the District of Trincomalee. Medirigiriya and Lankapura are areas that were inhabited by Tamils in the past. When Thumpankadawa was annexed to the North Central Province, it had been taken from the East. During the ethnic conflict Tamils were driven out of these areas and were replaced by Sinhalese. Now the Sinhalese are in the majority.
In the Eastern areas of Kandhanai and Allai, the government settled the Sinhala people, creating a new Kandhanai administration block. Through this resettlement plan the northern parts; Marvel, Kumaran and Kadavai were given to the Sinhalese. This resettlement plan stretched as far as Seruvillai. A story was fabricated saying that in Seruvillai there was an ancient Buddhist temple. The government encouraged the Sinhala people to promote their cultural heritage in this so-called sacred place.
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Since 1