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1

Architectural History

Architectural History:

Romanesque Architecture

Architectural History: Romanesque Period 2

Objectives

Outline the background affecting the period. Isolate elements associated with

Romanesque architecture. Identify famous Romanesque buildings. Recognize key terms from Romanesque

architecture.



Background

Dark century in Europe Political chaos Cultural decline Violence and terror

Political climate gradually stabilized Rising economic conditions Social and political order Military strength Renewal of cities



Background

New prosperity Cultural revival New spirit of religious enthusiasm Seemed as if the whole earth where putting on a

mantle of white churches (Monk Raoul Glaber) Plurality of kingdoms emerged

France England Burgandy



Early Romanesque - Germany

Architectural Features Antithetical tendencies

Inventive vs. conservative Progressive vs. nostalgic

Dome Lighting and Decoration

Architectural Examples Minsert Cathedral Church of St. Gertrude St. Michael’s



Minsert Cathedral

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)


http://www.thais.it/architettura/romanica/schede/sc_00067_uk.htm


Church of St. Gertrude, Nivelles





St. Michael’s at Hildesheim





Early Vaulted Romanesque - Burgundy

Architectural Features Stone Vaulting

Architectural Examples Abbey Church of Cluny



Abbey Church of Cluny

© 2003 Regents of the University of Minnesota http://arthist.cla.umn.edu/


http://www.umn.edu/


High Romanesque - France

Architectural Features Synthesis of northern and southern early

Romanesque Square schematism

Architectural Examples St. Etienne St. Serin St. Pierre



Saint Etienne, Nevers





Saint Serin, Tolouse

© 2003 Regents of the University of Minnesota http://arthist.cla.umn.edu/


http://www.umn.edu/


Third Abbey Church, St Pierre at Cluny

© http://architecture.relig.free.fr/accueil.htm



Regional Romanesque – S. Italy

Architectural Features Exotic Derived from Byzantine Entangled with northern European traditions Fusion between Italian and Norman basilicas

Architectural Examples Norman Cathedrals of Cefalu Norman Cathedrals of Monreale



Norman Cathedrals of Cefalu

© Mediterranean Studies Association (http://www.mediterraneanstudies.org/)



Norman Cathedrals of Monreale





Regional Romanesque – N. Italy

Architectural Features Varied and complex Rib faults

Architectural Examples St. Maria Maggiore St. Ambrogio Church of St. Michele



Saint Maria Maggiore, Lomello





Saint Ambrogio, Milan





Church of Saint Michele, Pavia

GNU Project


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Church_San_Michele%2C_Pavia.jpg


Regional Romanesque – Tuscany

Architectural Features Polished, elegant marble structures Florentine Pisan

Architectural Examples Baptistery of St. Giovanni Church of St. Miniato Pisa Cathedral



Baptistery of Saint Giovanni



http://www.thais.it/architettura/romanica/schede/sc_00193.htm


Church of Saint Miniato al Monte





Pisa Cathedral





High and Late Romanesque

Related Regions Germany Normandy and England

Architectural Examples Speyer Cathedral St. Entienne Durham Cathedral Ely Cathedral Gloucester Cathedral



Speyer Cathedral





Saint Entienne, Caen





Durham Cathedral



http://www.thais.it/architettura/Gotica/Default.htm#Durham


Ely Cathedral



http://www.thais.it/architettura/Gotica/IndiceCronologico/INDICE3.html#l


Gloucester Cathedral



http://www.thais.it/architettura/Gotica/IndiceCronologico/INDICE3.html#n


Vocabulary Review Calotte Cell Chancel Chevet Cloister vault Crocket Crossing

Dwarf gallery Fuller Gallery Groin Lancet window Oculus Pinnacle

Responds Saucer dome Skeleton

construction String course Tracery Tribune


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