unnatural amino acids market research report

23
RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids A Market Insight Report, July 2013 © RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 1 UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS MARKET SIZE Scope of the Study Unnatural amino acids are increasingly growing in research stature for pharmaceuticals, food and feed additives, agrochemicals, and other industrial applications. Some amino acids such as isoleucine, threonine, and hydroxyproline, exhibit second center of asymmetry and hence can exist in four sterioisomeric forms. The growing importance as pharmaceutical intermediates has led to various methods of enantiomerically pure preparation. Currently the pharmaceutical industry has more than 40 peptides and there are more than 100 in a number of clinical phases. Earlier on the pharmaceutical markets did not have too much interest in peptide research but lately they have developed the interesting peptides which are a result of the modern day latest technological developments, strategic growth, progress in the areas of formulation and improved drug delivery technology of peptides. More and more peptide molecules are now being innovated, and developed by researchers, and studied for their therapeutic properties. These drug candidates are being clinically investigated for different types of ailments. Based on the present trends, it may be safely assumed that many biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies will now give more attention to peptide drugs and research on them. This trend is partly due to the fact that both patients and physicians are now accepting and acknowledging the benefits from proteinaceous therapeutics. Scientists have also come up with solutions to the shelf life period of peptide drugs, and delivery problems related to them. Though synthetic peptides formed of natural amino acids dominate applications in a wide variety of fields, it is largely felt that sooner the trend will favor peptides formed of unnatural amino acids. This is because peptides with novel characteristics are possible only by incorporating unnatural amino acids. The novel peptides made of unnatural amino acids open the avenue for designing not only small molecule drugs, but also artificial sweeteners and agrochemicals apart from other applications. Artificial sweeteners are in demand as alternative to sugar [sucrose] especially by people suffering from diabetes or obesity. Alitame is an example of artificial sweetener developed from unnatural amino acid (D-alanine). The pyrethroid insecticide Fluvalinate contains D-valine as a key building block. D-p-Hydroxyphenylglycine is an Important intermediate for the synthesis of penicillin, cephalosporin-type antibiotics including amoxycillin, celadroxil and cefatrizin and other semi-synthetic antibiotics. D-Phenylalanine is used in drugs for depression, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Parkinson's disease, chronic pain, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The market for Unnatural amino acid based cancer pharmaceuticals is increasing at the fastest CAGR of 16.44%, to reach US$ 6.41billion from an estimated US$ 2.2 billion in 2012. Though, enormous progress has been achieved in amino acid research, the analytical techniques for determining a more definite and accurate unnatural amino acids have not been achieved. The development of successful analytical methods for free and binding unnatural amino acids will show the way to clarifications in their occurrence and metabolism. The elucidation of physiological roles of unnatural amino acids will unlock a new field in bioscience and biotechnology. This report gives a market insight into the different types of Unnatural Amino Acids (β-Amino Acids, β-

Upload: research-impact

Post on 13-Jan-2015

489 views

Category:

Health & Medicine


2 download

DESCRIPTION

Market research report on Unnatural Amino Acids gives an insight into the different types of Unnatural Amino Acids (ß-Amino Acids, ß-Amino Acid Derivatives, Cyclic Amino Acids & Derivatives, D-Amino Acids, D-Amino Acid Derivatives, DL-Amino Acids, DL-Amino Acid Derivatives, L-Amino Acid Derivatives and Other ) and their application areas such as R&D, Pharmaceutical, Food & Feed, Agrochemicals and Other. The study includes estimations and predictions for 2005 -2020 for the global Unnatural Amino Acids market by type and applications. Regional Analysis is covered separately for North America (United States and Canada); Europe (UK, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, The Netherlands, and Rest of Europe); Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia, and Rest of Asia Pacific); and Rest of World. The text is complemented with graphical representations of 318 exhibits. Business profiles of 62 major companies are discussed in the report. The report serves as a guide to global Unnatural Amino Acids industry covering more than 1100 companies that are engaged in Unnatural Amino Acids R&D, synthesis, discovery, testing and supply of derivatives, products and services. Compilation of Worldwide Patents and Research related to Unnatural Amino Acids is also provided. Information related to industrial activity, corporate developments, research trends, product releases, product developments, partnerships, collaborations, and mergers and acquisitions is also covered in the report.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 1

UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS MARKET SIZE

Scope of the Study

Unnatural amino acids are increasingly growing in research stature for pharmaceuticals, food and feed

additives, agrochemicals, and other industrial applications. Some amino acids such as isoleucine, threonine,

and hydroxyproline, exhibit second center of asymmetry and hence can exist in four sterioisomeric forms.

The growing importance as pharmaceutical intermediates has led to various methods of enantiomerically

pure preparation. Currently the pharmaceutical industry has more than 40 peptides and there are more

than 100 in a number of clinical phases. Earlier on the pharmaceutical markets did not have too much

interest in peptide research but lately they have developed the interesting peptides which are a result of

the modern day latest technological developments, strategic growth, progress in the areas of formulation

and improved drug delivery technology of peptides. More and more peptide molecules are now being

innovated, and developed by researchers, and studied for their therapeutic properties. These drug

candidates are being clinically investigated for different types of ailments. Based on the present trends, it

may be safely assumed that many biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies will now give more

attention to peptide drugs and research on them. This trend is partly due to the fact that both patients and

physicians are now accepting and acknowledging the benefits from proteinaceous therapeutics. Scientists

have also come up with solutions to the shelf life period of peptide drugs, and delivery problems related to

them.

Though synthetic peptides formed of natural amino acids dominate applications in a wide variety of fields,

it is largely felt that sooner the trend will favor peptides formed of unnatural amino acids. This is because

peptides with novel characteristics are possible only by incorporating unnatural amino acids. The novel

peptides made of unnatural amino acids open the avenue for designing not only small molecule drugs, but

also artificial sweeteners and agrochemicals apart from other applications. Artificial sweeteners are in

demand as alternative to sugar [sucrose] especially by people suffering from diabetes or obesity. Alitame is

an example of artificial sweetener developed from unnatural amino acid (D-alanine). The pyrethroid

insecticide Fluvalinate contains D-valine as a key building block. D-p-Hydroxyphenylglycine is an Important

intermediate for the synthesis of penicillin, cephalosporin-type antibiotics including amoxycillin, celadroxil

and cefatrizin and other semi-synthetic antibiotics. D-Phenylalanine is used in drugs for depression,

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Parkinson's disease, chronic pain, alcohol withdrawal

symptoms, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The market for Unnatural amino acid based cancer

pharmaceuticals is increasing at the fastest CAGR of 16.44%, to reach US$ 6.41billion from an estimated

US$ 2.2 billion in 2012.

Though, enormous progress has been achieved in amino acid research, the analytical techniques for

determining a more definite and accurate unnatural amino acids have not been achieved. The development

of successful analytical methods for free and binding unnatural amino acids will show the way to

clarifications in their occurrence and metabolism.

The elucidation of physiological roles of unnatural amino acids will unlock a new field in bioscience and

biotechnology.

This report gives a market insight into the different types of Unnatural Amino Acids (β-Amino Acids, β-

Page 2: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 2

Amino Acid Derivatives, Cyclic Amino Acids & Derivatives, D-Amino Acids, D-Amino Acid Derivatives, DL-

Amino Acids, DL-Amino Acid Derivatives, L-Amino Acid Derivatives and Other ) and their application areas

such as R&D, Pharmaceutical, Food & Feed, Agrochemicals and Other applications.

The study includes estimates and projections for the global Unnatural Amino Acids by type and

applications. Regional Analysis is covered separately for North America (United States and Canada); Europe

(UK, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, The Netherlands, and Rest of Europe; Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India,

South Korea, Australia, and Rest of Asia Pacific); and Rest of World.

Business profiles of 62 major companies are discussed in the report. The report serves as a guide to global

Unnatural Amino Acids industry covering more than 1100 companies that are engaged in Unnatural Amino

Acids R&D, synthesis, discovery, testing and supply of derivatives, products and services. Information

related to industrial activity, corporate developments, research trends, product releases, product

developments, partnerships, collaborations, and mergers and acquisitions is also covered in the report.

Unnatural Amino Acids report is an ideal research tool providing strategic business intelligence to the

corporate sector. This report may help strategists, investors, laboratories, pharmaceutical companies,

contract research organizations, biotechnology companies and drug approval authorities in--

Gauging Competitive Intelligence

Identifying Key Growth Areas and Opportunities

Understanding Geographic Relevance to Product

Knowing Regional Market Sizes and Growth Opportunities and Restraints

Keeping Tab on Emerging Technologies

Equity Analysis

Tapping New Markets

Analytics and data presented in this report pertain to several parameters such as –

Global And Regional Market Sizes, Market Shares, Market Trends

Product (Global And Regional) Market Sizes, Market Shares, Market Trends

Technology Trends

Corporate Intelligence

Key Competitors

Consumer Behavioral Patterns

Other Strategic Business Affecting Data

Research Methodology

RI Technologies publishes business intelligence reports by going through a cycle of diligent research and

analysis activity. Research is done using both online and offline resources. The study outline of this report is

sketched on the following lines – global market analysis, regional market analysis, product segmentation,

global and regional market analysis by product segment, market trends, M&A, R&D, competitive landscape,

Page 3: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 3

technology trends, and other key drivers. Current data helps in analyzing the future of the industry and is

also helpful for doing market evaluations, and estimating the market size for the future.

This report is uniquely researched and the methodology includes:

Need and Scope of Study

Product Definitions

Segmental Analysis

Regional Analysis

Exclusive Data Analytics

Corporate Intelligence

Feedback

Right from concept to final compilation of this report, both primary and secondary research methods are

applied. We have provided exclusive feedback forms/pre-release questionnaires for this report to use the

information for authentication of our own findings. Secondary research includes government publications,

investment research reports, web based surveys, website information of both companies and markets, and

other offline resources such as print publications and CDs. Our compilation of easy to navigate PDF reports

are essential value addition resources for leading and growing companies.

Page 4: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 4

2. REPORT SYNOPSIS

Unnatural amino acids are increasingly growing in research stature for pharmaceuticals, food and feed

additives, agrochemicals, and other industrial applications. Some amino acids such as isoleucine, threonine,

and hydroxyproline, exhibit second center of asymmetry and hence can exist in four sterioisomeric forms. The

growing importance as pharmaceutical intermediates has led to various methods of enantiomerically pure

preparation. Currently the pharmaceutical industry has more than 40 peptides and there are more than 100

in a number of clinical phases. Earlier on the pharmaceutical markets did not have too much interest in

peptide research but lately they have developed the interesting peptides which are a result of the modern

day latest technological developments, strategic growth, progress in the areas of formulation and improved

drug delivery technology of peptides. More and more peptide molecules are now being innovated, and

developed by researchers, and studied for their therapeutic properties. These drug candidates are being

clinically investigated for different types of ailments. Based on the present trends, it may be safely assumed

that many biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies will now give more attention to peptide drugs and

research on them. This trend is partly due to the fact that both patients and physicians are now accepting and

acknowledging the benefits from proteinaceous therapeutics. Scientists have also come up with solutions to

the shelf life period of peptide drugs, and delivery problems related to them.

This report gives a market insight into the different types of Unnatural Amino Acids (β-Amino Acids, β-

Amino Acid Derivatives, Cyclic Amino Acids & Derivatives, D-Amino Acids, D-Amino Acid Derivatives, DL-

Amino Acids, DL-Amino Acid Derivatives, L-Amino Acid Derivatives and Other ) and their application areas

such as R&D, Pharmaceutical, Food & Feed, Agrochemicals and Other applications.

Segmentation of Unnatural Amino Acids Market

Exhibit 1. Segmentation of Unnatural Amino Acids Market by Type and Application

Type Application

β-Amino Acids Research & Development

β-Amino Acid Derivatives Pharmaceutical

Cyclic Amino Acids & Derivatives Food & Feed

D-Amino Acids Agrochemicals

D-Amino Acid Derivatives Other (Biomarkers, Biosensors, Biocatalysts, Cosmetics,

etc.)

DL-Amino Acids

DL-Amino Acid Derivatives

L-Amino Acid Derivatives

Other Unnatural amino acids and derivatives

-Amino Acids & Derivatives, Boc protected

Amino Acids, Fmoc Protected Amino Acids, etc.)

© RIT, 2013

Global Unnatural Amino Acids market is projected to reach about US$ XX billion by 2020, from an

estimated US$ XX billion in 2012, growing at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.48%, during

the analysis period 2011-2020.

Page 5: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 5

Many amino acid derivatives are looked upon as effective drugs for the treatment of disorders such as

ulcers, inflammation, liver problems etc. For instance, 4-hydroxyproline is found to be effective in the

prevention of cirrhosis of the liver. Similarly, N-acetyl cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride is found to be

effective in the treatment of bronchitis. Long chain 2-amino alcohols exhibit cytotoxic, immunosuppressive,

and anti-inflammatory properties. Unnatural amino acids also form components of a variety of substances,

of which the bulk is constituted by antibiotics. An antibiotic may accommodate unnatural amino acid in its

side chain, or it can be a peptide containing one or more unnatural amino acids along with the natural

ones.

Both β-amino acids and D-amino acids are constituents of several antibiotics. (3S)-β3-lysine is a β-amino

acid that forms an important constituent of the antibiotics Streptocrocyn and Streptomycin F. β2-tyrosine is

a component of Edeines, which constitute a group of antibiotic peptides. ADDA, chemically known as

(2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid, is a β-amino acid

that forms part of the antibiotics such as microcystin, nodularin, and cyanovinfin.

D-amino acids form important components of several semi-synthetic antibiotics. D-lysine and D-cysteine

are found in some of the ß-lactam antibiotics. D-aspartic acid, D-glutamine, D-ornithine, and D-

phenylglycine are unnatural amino acid constituents of the antibiotic Bacitracin-A. D-serine is found in the

antibiotic cycloserine meant for the treatment of tuberculosis. D-valine is a constituent of the antibacterial

compounds Actinomycin D and Valinomycin. D-phenylalanine is a component of Polymyxin, Gramicidin S,

and Tyrocidin A, which are all antibacterial peptides.

Exhibit 2. Unnatural Amino Acids - Global Volume Market Estimations & Predictions (2005-2010) in

Million Metric Tons

Year Volume

2005 XX

2006 XX

2007 XX

2008 XX

2009 XX

2010 XX

CAGR% 11.10

© RIT Figures, 2013

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

US$ Million

Page 6: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 6

Exhibit 3. Unnatural Amino Acids - Global Volume Market Estimations & Predictions (2011-2020) in

Million Metric Tons

Year Volume

2011 XX

2012 XX

2013 XX

2014 XX

2015 XX

2016 XX

2017 XX

2018 XX

2019 XX

2020 XX

CAGR% 11.10

© RIT Figures, 2013

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US$ Million

Page 7: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 7

Exhibit 4. Unnatural Amino Acids - Global Value Market Shares (2008, 2012 & 2020) by Type for D-Amino

Acid Derivatives, L-Amino Acid Derivatives, Cyclic Amino Acid & Derivatives, β-Amino Acid Derivatives, D-

Amino Acids, β-Amino Acids, DL-Amino Acids, DL-Amino Acid Derivatives and Other

Year/

Type

D-Amino

Acid

Derivatives

L-Amino

Acid

Derivatives

Cyclic Amino

Acid &

Derivatives

β-Amino

Acid

Derivatives

D-Amino

Acids

β-Amino

Acids

DL-Amino

Acids

DL-Amino

Acid

Derivatives

Other Total

2008 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX 100.00

2012 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX 100.00

2020 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX 100.00

© RIT Figures, 2013

Modern drug discovery research is increasingly experimenting with unnatural amino acids, the non-

proteinogenic amino acids, either natural or chemically synthesized. Their unlimited structural diversity and

versatile applications are being used as chiral building blocks and molecular scaffolds in building

combinatorial libraries. These molecules are powerful ingredients in therapeutic peptidomimetics and are

used as molecular probes which can assimilate the biological systems better. They show improved in vivo

stability, better potency, oral absorption, tissue distribution, and better and selective responses. Unnatural

amino acids are increasingly being used to alter the peptide’s tertiary structure. Drug candidates with side

chain modifications meet and match their biological targets. The pharmaceutical industry accounts for

almost 80% of chiral market revenues.

Page 8: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 8

3. MARKET DYNAMICS

Exhibit 5. Unnatural Amino Acids - Global Value Market Estimations & Predictions (2005-2010) by

Geographic Region for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World in US$ Million

Year/Region North America Europe Asia - Pacific Rest of World Total

2005 XX XX XX XX XX

2006 XX XX XX XX XX

2007 XX XX XX XX XX

2008 XX XX XX XX XX

2009 XX XX XX XX XX

2010 XX XX XX XX XX

CAGR% XX XX XX XX 14.48

© RIT Figures, 2013

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

US$ Million

North America Europe Asia - Pacific Rest of World

Page 9: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 9

Exhibit 6. Unnatural Amino Acids - Global Value Market Estimations & Predictions (2011-2020) by

Geographic Region for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World in US$ Million

Year/Region North America Europe Asia - Pacific Rest of World Total

2011 XX XX XX XX XX

2012 XX XX XX XX XX

2013 XX XX XX XX XX

2014 XX XX XX XX XX

2015 XX XX XX XX XX

2016 XX XX XX XX XX

2017 XX XX XX XX XX

2018 XX XX XX XX XX

2019 XX XX XX XX XX

2020 XX XX XX XX XX

CAGR% XX XX XX XX 14.48

© RIT Figures, 2013

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US$ Million

North America Europe Asia - Pacific Rest of World

Page 10: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 10

Exhibit 7. Unnatural Amino Acids - Global Value Market Estimations & Predictions (2005 - 2010) by

Application for R&D, Pharmaceuticals, Food & Feed, Agrochemicals and Other in US$ Million

Year/Application Research & Development Pharmaceuticals Food & Feed Agrochemical Other Total

2005 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2006 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2007 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2008 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2009 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2010 XX XX XX XX XX XX

CAGR% XX XX XX XX XX 14.48

© RIT Figures, 2013

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

US$ Million

Research & Development Pharmaceuticals Food & Feed Agrochemical Other

Page 11: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 11

Exhibit 8. Unnatural Amino Acids - Global Value Market Estimations & Predictions (2011 - 2020) by

Application for R&D, Pharmaceuticals, Food & Feed, Agrochemicals and Other in US$ Million

Year/Application Research & Development Pharmaceutical Food & Feed Agrochemical Other Total

2011 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2012 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2013 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2014 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2015 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2016 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2017 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2018 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2019 XX XX XX XX XX XX

2020 XX XX XX XX XX XX

CAGR% XX XX XX XX XX 14.48

© RIT Figures, 2013

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US$ Million

Research & Development Pharmaceutical Food & Feed Agrochemical Other

Page 12: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 12

Exhibit 9. Unnatural Amino Acids by Disease Treatment - Global Value Market Estimations and

Predictions (2005-2010) in US$ Million for Neurological Disorders, Cardiovascular, Diabetes, Arthritis,

Cancer and Other

Year/Disease Neurological Disorders Cardiovascular Diabetes Arthritis Cancer Other Total

2005 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2006 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2007 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2008 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2009 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2010 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

CAGR% XX XX XX XX XX XX 15.54

© RIT Figures, 2013

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

US$ Million

Neurological Disorders Cardiovascular Diabetes Arthritis Cancer Other

Page 13: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 13

Exhibit 10. Unnatural Amino Acids by Disease Treatment - Global Value Market Estimations and

Predictions (2011-2020) in US$ Million for Neurological Disorders, Cardiovascular, Diabetes,

Arthritis, Cancer and Other

Year/Disease Neurological Disorders Cardiovascular Diabetes Arthritis Cancer Other Total

2011 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2012 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2013 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2014 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2015 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2016 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2017 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2018 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2019 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

2020 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

CAGR% XX XX XX XX XX XX 15.54

© RIT Figures, 2013

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US$ Million

Neurological Disorders Cardiovascular Diabetes Arthritis Cancer Other

Page 14: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 14

Currently the pharmaceutical industry has more than 40 peptides and there are more than 100 in a number

of clinical phases. Earlier on the pharmaceutical markets did not have too much interest in peptide research

but lately they have developed the interesting peptides which are a result of the modern day latest

technological developments, strategic growth, progress in the areas of formulation and improved drug

delivery technology of peptides. So there are eight new peptide drugs which have been introduced into the

pharmaceutical industry of late. These eight new drugs would have been previously portrayed as being

difficult to produce on a large-scale that is required by the pharmaceutical industry. It is because of the

latest technological progress that the production of these drugs has been possible. Conventional as well as

contemporary methods have been used for the production of these new peptide drugs. The latest

achievements along with the conventional advantages of the peptides like high biological activity, low

toxicity and high specificity have made the pharmaceutical companies to focus more on peptide based

substances. In this way these potential next generation of peptide drugs could help treat a number of grave

diseases.

Pharmaceutical Intermediates Market Driven by Drug Development and

Consolidations

Unlike the chemical industry, the Pharmaceutical Intermediates industry is influenced by customer

requirements and products for specific applications. Major challenging area in the intermediates market is

drug development, which is the major driving force. Once the intermediate is developed it has huge

potential applications. Pharmaceutical Intermediate companies are expected to be well equipped with

latest technology and sophisticated equipment for the production, in order for pharmaceutical companies

to concentrate on drug development and marketing. With the ongoing consolidations in the global pharma

industry, pharmaceutical intermediate manufacturers have to rethink about their production strategies due

to significant shrinking customer base. Mergers and acquisitions are common strategies for growing

companies and this is set to have an indirect impact on the pharmaceutical intermediates market.

Overview of Peptide Therapeutics Market

Most of the major pharmaceutical companies have gradually expanded their peptide drug base thus

contributing to the robust growth of peptide drugs specifically due to enormous progress in synthesis

technology, availability of firm support materials, purification techniques, and drug delivery methodologies.

The Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) peptide market continued to expand in spite of worldwide

economic slowdown as fresh peptide drug candidates emerged from researches and instituted therapeutic

peptide projects progressed. The requirement of peptides for research however arose at a slightly slower

rate, specifically for peptide libraries that have applications in screening drugs, validating targets, epitope

mapping and study of structure-activities.

Manufacturers of research-grade peptides in the Western countries are facing stiff competition from the

emergent Eastern country manufacturers as the latter are able to offer peptides at lower rates on account

of low operating costs. Specifically, Indian and Chinese producers are in advantageous position to provide

research peptides in the fast emerging Asian market. Some manufacturers based in Western countries are

also installing satellite facilities in Eastern regions to compete.

Page 15: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 15

4. PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH

The Emergence of Chiral Drugs

Chiral technology has made tremendous progress so much so that it can now be developed with ease. This

has been made easier with the increase in chiral analytical techniques that are capable of differentiating

between enantiomers either during development of the drug or while monitoring its results in the body.

Despite the fact that chiral drugs have been in use much before the arrival of modern medicine, it is only

now that chiral drugs in the pharmaceutical industry has gained so much attention. This is largely due to

the understanding that enantiomers often show different bioactivity and metabolic fates. In addition there

is also a commercial reason where pharmaceutical companies have the chance to extend patent coverage

after expiry of patents on racemic drugs. This can take place through the development of the chiral switch

enantiomers with suitable bioactivity.

The usual protocol on drug design and development involves making the isomer mixtures first after which

the preferred isomer is selected. Recently there have been many developments in medicinal chemistry that

makes use of automated rapid synthesis. This is based on connecting building blocks in a particular manner

and this is combined with automated bioscreening for therapeutic activity and selectivity determination.

Information gathered must be exact to validate the use of single isomers.

Synthesis of Unnatural Amino Acids

In principle, an unnatural amino acid can be produced by procedures such as replacement of hydrogen by

fluorine in a ring structure, or phenyl by another resonant ring system, or one kind of heterocyclic ring by

another one, or a remnant from the framework of an amino acid by another remnant of one that is

analogous in shape and size. Practically all the advantageous amino acid analogues have earlier existed as

close structural isomers of amino acids that occur naturally.

So far, no efficient analogs of proline, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, threonine, cysteine, serine or

glycine have been accounted for. Probably, the biological sites that are involved in these amino acids are

governed by particular size and shape of molecule when compared to amino acids of larger size. Some of

the alterations that are performed for the production of anti-metabolites from the larger sized amino acids

are not tenable with smaller sized amino acids. This is because the resultant compounds lack appreciable

stability as in the case of fluoroglycine or substitution of sulfur for –CH2 within the molecular framework of

glutamic acid or threonine. In this regard, the non-existence of proline analog is intriguing, though the

occurrence of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is worth mentioning. Most of the amino acid analogues could be

conceived as anti-tumor, antiviral or antimicrobial. The amino acid analogues are regularly subjected to

screening to find the possibility of anti metabolite activity to counteract bacteria. These experiments are all

documented in detail and are useful for those who want to study the effect of analogues on proliferating

bacteria.

Page 16: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 16

Peptide Synthesis

Exhibit 11. Peptide Synthesis – Global Value Market Estimations and Predictions (2005 - 2010) in US$

Million for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World

Year/Region North America Europe Asia-Pacific Rest of World Total

2005 XX XX XX XX XX

2006 XX XX XX XX XX

2007 XX XX XX XX XX

2008 XX XX XX XX XX

2009 XX XX XX XX XX

2010 XX XX XX XX XX

CAGR% XX XX XX XX 13.50

© RIT Figures, 2013

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

US$ Million

North America Europe Asia - Pacific Rest of World

Page 17: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 17

Exhibit 12. Peptide Synthesis – Global Value Market Estimations and Predictions (2011 - 2020) in US$

Million for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World

Year/Region North America Europe Asia-Pacific Rest of World Total

2011 XX XX XX XX XX

2012 XX XX XX XX XX

2013 XX XX XX XX XX

2014 XX XX XX XX XX

2015 XX XX XX XX XX

2016 XX XX XX XX XX

2017 XX XX XX XX XX

2018 XX XX XX XX XX

2019 XX XX XX XX XX

2020 XX XX XX XX XX

CAGR% XX XX XX XX 13.50

© RIT Figures, 2013

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US$ Million

North America Europe Asia - Pacific Rest of World

Page 18: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 18

Exhibit 13. Unnatural Amino Acids in Pharmaceutical Applications – Global Market Analysis by Region

(2005--2010) for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World

Year/Region North America Europe Asia-Pacific Rest of World Total

2005 XX XX XX XX XX

2006 XX XX XX XX XX

2007 XX XX XX XX XX

2008 XX XX XX XX XX

2009 XX XX XX XX XX

2010 XX XX XX XX XX

CAGR% XX XX XX XX XX

© RIT Figures, 2013

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

US$ Million

North America Europe Asia - Pacific Rest of World

Page 19: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 19

Exhibit 14. Unnatural Amino Acids in Pharmaceutical Applications – Global Market Analysis by Region

(2011--2020) for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World

Year/Region North America Europe Asia-Pacific Rest of World Total

2011 XX XX XX XX XX

2012 XX XX XX XX XX

2013 XX XX XX XX XX

2014 XX XX XX XX XX

2015 XX XX XX XX XX

2016 XX XX XX XX XX

2017 XX XX XX XX XX

2018 XX XX XX XX XX

2019 XX XX XX XX XX

2020 XX XX XX XX XX

CAGR% XX XX XX XX XX

© RIT Figures, 2013

Beta-Lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics are a broad class of antibiotics whose molecule has a β-lactam ring at

the centre (nucleus). They include a wide class of antibiotics such as penicillin derivatives, cephalosporins,

monobactams, carbapenems, and β-lactamase inhibitors β-lactam antibiotics are used for the prevention

and the treatment of bacterial infections.

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US$ Million

North America Europe Asia - Pacific Rest of World

Page 20: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 20

Treatment of Other Disorders

Fertility problems

Nafarelin contains the unnatural amino acid D-2-Naphthylalanine as a constituent. This drug is a GnRH

agonist. Nafarelin can be used in the treatment of estrogen-dependent conditions

like endometriosis or uterine fibroids, to treat central precocious puberty, and also to control ovarian

stimulation in IVF. It is normally delivered via a nasal spray. Nafarelin acetate is marketed by Searle unit of

Pfizer under the brand name Synarel.

Cetrorelix is another drug meant for correcting the problems of uterine fibroids and endometriosis in

women. It is also useful in the treatment of hypertrophy of prostate gland in men. This drug is a

decapeptide consisting of D-amino acids. Its chemical composition is acetyl-D-3-(2´-naphtyl)-alanine- D-4-

chlorophenylalanine-D-3-(3´-pyridyl)- alanine-L-serine-L-tyrosine-D-citruline-L- leucine-L-arginine-L-proline-

D- alanine-amide. This drug is marketed worldwide in the name of Cetrotide by Merck for using in IVF. But

in Japan the market right for this drug is held by Shionogi and Nippon Kayaku in Japan.

Acyline and its Potential as a Contraceptive Medicine

Acyline is considered as one of the most popular and potential GnRH antagonists used as a contraceptive

and reproductive drug in human beings. Acyline is a peptide and was first successfully synthesized and

patented by the Salk Institute for Biological Studies financially supported by NICHD. Some of the major

structural changes have been incorporated in GnRH by replacing the natural amino acids with the unnatural

amino acids. The best example in this regard is the replacement of D-amino acids in the place of unnatural

L-amino acids. Scientists have been involved in carrying out intensive studies using Acyline. The early

clinical results on administering a dose of 300 ug / kg in male human being have indicated a reduction in

testosterone levels for two weeks without any visible side effects.

Exhibit 15. Therapeutic Products Containing Unnatural Amino Acids

Drugs /Compound Unnatural Amino Acids Indication Trade Name(s)

Nateglinide D-Phenylalanine

Derivatives

Type 2 diabetes Starlix

L-DOPA D- Phenylalanine Parkinson's Disease and Dopamine-

responsive dystonia (DRD)

Levodopa; Sinemet, Parcopa,

Atamet, Stalevo, Madopar,

Prolopa

Enalapril L-Homophenylalanine, D-

serine

Hypertension and some types of

chronic heart failure

VASOTEC, Renitec

Octreotide D-Tryptophan treatment of acromegaly, the treatment

of diarrhea and flushing episodes

associated with carcinoid syndrome,

and treatment of diarrhea in patients

with vasoactive intestinal peptide-

secreting tumors (VIPomas).

Sandostatin

Leuprolide D-Leucine Prostate & Breast Cancer Viadur, Eligard, Lupron

More………

Page 21: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 21

Alitame

Alitame is a food additive and an artificial strong sweeter, having 2000 times higher sweetness than

sucrose. Its N- terminal end is substituted with tetramethylthietanyl-amine moiety. It is a dipeptide

composed of L-aspartic acid and D-alanine. Production of alitame involves multiple steps among two

intermediate substances - (S)-[2,5-dioxo- (4-thiazolidine)] acetic acid and (R)-2-amino-N- (2,2,4,4-

tetramethyl-3-thietanyl) propanamide.

Exhibit 16. Global Market for Alitame (2009-2020) in US$ million

Year/Country China Australia RoW Total

2009 XX XX XX XX

2010 XX XX XX XX

2011 XX XX XX XX

2012 XX XX XX XX

2013 XX XX XX XX

2014 XX XX XX XX

2015 XX XX XX XX

2016 XX XX XX XX

2017 XX XX XX XX

2018 XX XX XX XX

2019 XX XX XX XX

2020 XX XX XX XX

CAGR% XX XX XX XX

© RIT Figures, 2013

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US$ Million

China Australia RoW

Page 22: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 22

Fluvalinate

Tau-fluvalinate earlier known as “Fluvalinate,” a racemic fluvalinate range, originally included four

diastereoisomers. In 1994, the product gained its name tau-fluvalinate which included only two

insecticidally active diastereoisomers. Wellmark International, the manufacturer of tau-fluvalinate

emphasized much on the partially resolved version instead of racemic fluvalinate registration. Fluvalinate is

a type of artificial pyrethroid. This compound is made from D-Valine, a D- Amino acid.

UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS – MARKET OUTLOOK

There are certain therapeutic areas that have unmet medical needs. One of them pertains to the disorders

associated with CNS. Another area of interest will be the development of novel drugs and vaccines against

viral diseases like AIDS, swine flu, avian flu, and so on. HIV infection is pandemic with 33.4 million people

living with this disease as per the latest statistics taken in 2008. Of these South Saharan Africa alone

accounts for 22.4 million, and next comes South East Asia with HIV affected people amounting to 3.8

million. Enfuvirtide [T-20] was approved by FDA for treatment of AIDS and marketed by Trimeris and Roche

in the trade name of Fuzeon. This is a short peptide. Development of anti-HIV peptide drugs is one of the

attractive areas open for companies keen on plunging into the pharmaceutical market.

Development of selective peptide receptor ligands with orally administered drug properties has progressed

rapidly in the past decade. However, the prime problem is devising of proper structure for decisive balance

of optimal pharmacological (e.g. receptor binding) and optimal pharmaceutical properties (e.g. membrane

permeability and metabolic stability). Non-natural amino acids are accepted major tool to prepare peptide

ligand mimetics with superior biological activity and proteolytic resistance.

Unnatural Amino Acids market is a rapidly growing market in the intermediates sector. Majority of the

products utilizing these compounds are pharmaceutical intermediates (β-Lactam Antibiotics). Asia-Pacific

region is acquiring lead position in global pharmaceuticals market with the balance gradually shifting from

the US and Europe to Asia-Pacific. With high growths in China, India and Singapore, the region is becoming

the largest global pharmaceuticals market. International pharmaceutical companies are setting up facilities

in the region and the regional pharmaceutical companies are acquiring international market share.

…………………………………………………………..

About RI Technologies

RI Technologies is a premier source of market research on the Biotechnology & Healthcare sector. We

Page 23: Unnatural amino acids market research report

RITMIR027: Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2013

© RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com Sample Page - 23

emphasize on factual insights and forecasts with maximum global coverage. RI Technologies is constantly

monitoring the biotechnology & Healthcare industry, tracking market trends, and forecasting industry

based on specialized analysis. The life sciences sector is an ever growing marketplace with emerging

technologies in areas of discovery, design and development.

Research – As Good as the Methodology is!

Gauging Competitive Intelligence

Identifying Key Growth Areas and Opportunities

Understanding Geographic Relevance to Product

Knowing Regional Market Sizes and Growth Opportunities and Restraints

Keeping Tab on Emerging Technologies

Equity Analysis

Tapping New Markets

© COPYRIGHT

The copyright and publication rights to all RI Technologies' reports and other products are the property of

the company. Plagiarism of any kind accounts to violation of copyright laws. Any type of reproduction of

the material without express permission is not allowed. The buyer, under no circumstances, shall license,

resell or repackage, or sell data without prior permission of the company.

DISCLAIMER

RI Technologies sells content in good faith. The company is not liable to the buyer for any implications

arising out of the usage of data for any particular purpose. The company makes no representations or

warranties for the accuracy or completeness of the data. While extreme caution and effort is practiced for

data compilation and presentation, the company does not accept any responsibility for findings in the study

which are a cumulative effort of primary and secondary research resources. The studies do not endorse or

promote any product or company. RI Technologies, its affiliates, partners, distributors, and contractors are

not liable for inaccuracies or incompleteness of the reports. User discretion is recommended for the usage

of the data.