unmanned aerial vehicles for civil applications
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UAVs for Civil Applications
Are we geared up?
Squadron Leader (Retd) V.S. Srinivasan
Head UAV Flight Operations
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UAS POTENTIAL
Unmanned aircraft promise new ways to
increase efficiency, save money, enhance safety
and even save lives.
FAA November 2010
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Scope
Definition & Classification of UAVs
Payloads
Civil applications Case studies
Unmanned Aerial Systems in India
Challenges for civil use UAS
Way forward
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Definitions
Unmanned Aircraft (UA)
An aircraft which is designed to operate with no
human pilot on board, as part of a UAS.
Moreover a UA is:
Capable of sustained flight by aerodynamic means
Remotely piloted or automatically flies a pre-programmed
flight profile
Reusable
Not classified as a guided weapon or similar one-shot
device designed for the delivery of munitions.
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UAS Components
Unmanned aircraft (UA)
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Payloads Other System Elements
Datalink , Launch and Recovery
Ground Control Stations (GCS)
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Classification of UAVs
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PerformanceSpecifications
Mission aspects
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Category Civil AUW MilitaryEquivalent
1 Small
UAV
< 20 Kg Nano, Micro
2 Light UAV 20 150 kg Mini, Tactical
3 UAV > 150 kg MALE, HALE
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3/2/2012 [email protected] 10
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Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance (ISTAR)
Combat (Armed UAVs and UCAVs)
Multi-Purpose
Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL)
Radar and Communication Relay
Aerial Delivery and Resupply, Casevac/Medevac etc
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Why Classify?
PerformanceAspects
MissionAspects
Mostsuitableplatform
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OPERATES IN THE VISIBLESPECTRUM
ELECTRO-OPTIC
OPERATES IN THE INFRA RED
SPECTRUMINFRA-RED
IMAGING IN 3-10 BANDS
VIS RED, VIS GREEN, VISBLUE, NEAR IR ETC
MULTISPECTRAL
CONTINUOUS SPECTRALMEASUREMENT OF 100 BANDS
HYPERSPECTRAL
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SAR/ISAR Ground / Foliage penetration
Radar
SIGINT
COMINTElectronic
Ground mapping
Vegetation to terrain clearanceLidar
Nuclear radiation monitoring
EMP & Transient RadiationEffects on Electronics
Radiometric
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Persistent Presence in Area of Interest
Dull, Dirty and Dangerous Missions
Reliable, Accurate and Real Time Data
Remote / Dangerous Locations
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Mission Specific Payloads
Night Operable
Lower Operating Costs
Lower Consequence of Loss/Crash
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Counter insurgency
Internal security and anti terror
Roadways and freight corridors
Law and order
Floods
Earthquakes
Fire
Disastermanagement
Vital installations
Public events
Forests - anti-poaching
Coastal - smuggling & trafficking
Surveillance
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Case Study#1:
COUNTER TERRORISM OPERATIONS
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Features of CI Operations
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Reliable
Accurate
TimelyIntelligence
Forest Cover
Jungle Camps Night Move
Detection andClassification
Decision Making
Access Routes: Dangers of IED/Ambush
Tracking and Position Update
Deployment of
Own Forces
Capture/Surrender
Minimise Casualties
Least Collateral DamageArrest
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Advantages Of UAVs in CI Ops
Persistent Wide Area Surveillance Long Endurance
Mission specific high resolution sensors
Real-time data availability
Data record and retrieval
Force Protection Advanced Intelligence Support
Simultaneous Data Access To Several Recipients
Faster Decision Making
Reduced Sensor To Shooter Cycle : Alert And Re-task Forces
Reduced Casualties
Better Co-ordination
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Real TimeSituationalAwareness
UAVEndurance
Day andNight Vision
Sensors
FoliagePenetration
SensorsMotion
Detection
Sensors
Signal andData
Processing
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Minefield imaged at 2000ft AGL with a Single Polarisation SAR
Left : Buried Mines at about 30cm and invisible Right: Surface laid
Sensors:
Ultra Wide Band Synthetic Aperture Radar
Gimbal Stabilised Electro Optic Camera
Software
Advanced Signal Processors
Imagery
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Oil and gas pipelines
Power Transmission lines Railway lines
ASSET
MONITORING
Crop spraying
Crop managementAGRICULTURE
Digital elevation mapping
Volumetric measurements
Rail and highways corridor mapping
LAND MANAGEMENT
Forestry Water & Offshore platformsRESOURCEMANAGEMENT
Environmental mapping
Geological mappingREMOTE SENSING
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3/2/2012 [email protected] 28
Case Study #2: Aerial Survey
Transmission Powerlines
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Aerial Platforms: Options
ENDURANCE 5:00 HRS 3:00 HRS >10:00 HRS
DATA
AVAILABILITY
Post-mission Post-mission Real-time
FUEL 2000 LTS 600 LTS 140 LTS
PAYLOADS On-board AUW Dependent Mission Specific
PAYLOADOPERATORS
All on board Few on board As & when Reqd
MISSIONCHANGES
Post-mission Post-mission In flight
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Powerline Survey Requirements
Electrical Insulation
Isolators
Corona
Visual
Sag and Sway of Cable
Vegetation Structural Integrity
Theft
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Diagnostic tools
Corona Detection by UV Scanner IR for Hot spots
Isolators &Insulators
IR For Hot Spots
EO for fray, discontinuity
LiDAR for Sag and Sway
Cable
EO for Damage/Theft
IR for Night Surveillance
StructuralIntegrity
LiDAR for ground clearance of cables
EO /IR for visual surveillanceVegetation
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Hot-Spot Detection
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UV Corona Detection
Corona discharges from high-
voltage lines and equipment
indicative of possible faults
Detection of cracked
insulators
CORONA DISCHARGE (HIGH-
VOLTAGE SPOTS)
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LIDAR Images
Mi i Pl i
C
t
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Mission Planning Concept
Fusion of Images FromSensors
Autonomous Production of 3D
Geo Infrastructure Image
Fault / Change Detection In Time 3-D Model Surveillance Planning Maintenance activities
Emergency reaction
Transfer Data
& Results
UV Scanner IR Video Aerial Photo LIDAR
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Case Study: Findings
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All Terrain Application
Faster than traditional methods
Increased safety for personnel
Enables Condition Based Monitoring
Digitisation of Records
Less costly than conventional methods
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UAVs IN INDIA
SEARCHER -2000ISRD, ELINT
HERON- 2000ISRD, SAR
ELINT, COMINT LAKSHYA- 1999TARGET TOW
Nishant
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The Indian UAV Opportunity
Limited to Military Users
Indian UAVs
By DRDO
Imported
Private Companies
Offset Obligations for
Defence Contracts Licensed Manufacturers
Huge Potential
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Challenges
Aircrew
Airspace
Airworthiness
Awareness
Ai hi
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Airworthiness
Ability to operate without significant hazard
Safety of general public
Limited application of manned aircraft certification criteria
Total system certification approach
Catch 22 Situation
Regulators require a sample System to certify
Industry requires regulations to bring in such system
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Airspace
Equivalent level of safety to manned aircraft
Rules for non-segregated UAS Operations
Reliable and predictable behaviour
Transparent to ATC personnel & other users
Standards for emergency response
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Aircrew
Validated criteria for UAS Pilot training
UAS pilots to be well versed in Rules of the Air
Incorporate elements unique to UAS operations
Tailored training criteria
Emulate training philosophy of Armed Forces
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Enhance UAV Production In India
Public and Private Sector Co-operation
Civil and Commercial Applications
Regulations for Flight Operations
Creation of Joint Working Group in India
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