unmanned aerial delivery : episode ii

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Unmanned Aerial Delivery:

Episode II: ImplementationPhilip Friedman PE, LEED AP

Friedman Engineering, PC

June 29, 2016

1501 Broadway ● Twelfth Floor

New York, NY 10036

212.203.5358

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“[The] regulatory hurdle, which was originally

thought to be the toughest one to overcome, now

looks like it won't pose an insurmountable problem.”

- Mark Siegel : Partner @ Menlo Ventures

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Summarizing From Last Time….

.....A significant portion of packages/deliveries may

be within the ability of UAV’s to transport….

…..UAV’s open opportunities for Inventory

Optimization and decreased business inventory

holding costs….

…..In addition to traditional package delivery, UAV’s

may also change the way some tasks are completed

saving time & opening additional opportunities….

…..New markets & business models will emerge

from UAV’s and create more competition between

online & brick-and-mortar stores.

UAV’s are already in trials to perform some of these tasks.

UAV Source: GrabCAD.com (All)

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Along With….

In rapidly developing competition between brick-

and-mortar & online retailers….

…..economics & need for rapid ‘on-demand’

response has driven development of regulations for

commercial use of UAV’s.

…..The ‘NOW’ Economy.

…..where traditional brick-and-mortar retailers will

quickly gear up to leverage UAV’s technology, becoming

‘on-demand-local’ retailers….

New markets & business models will emerge from

UAV’s creating new opportunities for industries

beyond retail.

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UAV’s Will Bring Great Benefit for Delivery & Other Suitable Tasks….

There are many conveniences that benefit our lives

which can also pose risk when not handled

properly….

…..At the same time, there are concerns….and perhaps rightfully so.

As with deployment of any new technology…there are

aspects to be weighed…..And with thoughtful

deployment…….rewards will far outweigh concern.

…..Their benefits, carefully managed, greatly

mitigates risks & promotes the great benefit to

everyone.

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On June 21, 2016….

…..The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) published a monumental document:

These rules outline maximum speed, commercial

operations within controlled & uncontrolled airspace,

the ability to carry external loads as well addressing

property transport for payment.

Small Unmanned Aircraft Regulations (Part 107)

….Finalized rules for Commercial UAV’s….regulations

that will create new opportunities & uses for business

and government .

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Some of the Monumental Take-Aways from the Newly Released

Regulations:

• Maximum groundspeed of 100 mph (87 knots.)

• Operations in Class B, C, D and E {controlled}

airspace are allowed with the required ATC*

permission.

• Operations in Class G {uncontrolled} airspace are

allowed without ATC* permission.

• External load operations are allowed if the object

being carried by the unmanned aircraft is securely

attached and does not adversely affect the flight

characteristics or controllability of the aircraft.

• Transportation of property for compensation or

hire allowed provided that-

The aircraft, including its attached systems,

payload and cargo weigh less than 55 pounds

total;

The flight is conducted within visual line of sight

and not from a moving vehicle or aircraft; and

The flight occurs wholly within the bounds of a

State and does not involve transport between

(1) Hawaii and another place in Hawaii through

airspace outside Hawaii; (2) the District of

Columbia and another place in the District of

Columbia; or (3) a territory or possession of the

United States and another place in the same

territory or possession.

* ATC = Air Traffic Control

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…..And the Most Notable Statement in the New Rule:

” Most of the restrictions discussed above are

waivable if the applicant demonstrates that his or

her operation can safely be conducted under the

terms of a certificate of waiver.”

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To Explain How Monumental This Is…..Some Quotes Directly from

the New Rules :

“…the visual-line-of-sight and see-and-avoid requirements

of part 107 are both waivable and that the waiver process

will allow the FAA to allow the use of sense-and-avoid

technology on a case-by-case basis.” (pg189 Part 107)

“….The nighttime-operations prohibition in this rule will

also be waivable.” (pg 159 Part 107)

“…the FAA has made the visibility and cloud-clearance

requirements of part 107 waivable and will consider

individual operating environments and other mitigations as

part of its review of a waiver request.” (pg 176 Part 107)

“…to provide flexibility to accommodate new

developments, the altitude limitation of this rule will be

waivable.” (pg 225 Part 107)

“…The speed limit will also be waivable.” (pg 232 Part 107)

“….this rule will retain the proposed prohibition on the

simultaneous operation of multiple small unmanned

aircraft. This prohibition will be waivable if a person

establishes that his or her simultaneous operation of more

than one small unmanned aircraft can safely be

conducted under the terms of a certificate of waiver.”

(pg 237 Part 107)

“….this rule will make the restriction on operating a small

unmanned aircraft over people waivable.” (pg 247 Part 107)

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And Perhaps Most Promising….

“….the agency {FAA} anticipates gaining a

significant amount of data and operational

experience as a result of its administration

of the waiver process.”

(pg 565 Part 107)

Now that some of the regulator hurdles are being addressed…let’s consider Privacy & Safety….

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Mitigating Privacy & Safety Concerns….There Remain Areas to be

Worked Out Within the Regulations…..

• Safe & minimal risk to public safety.

• Respectful of privacy.

• Quiet & orderly to minimize quality-of-life

issues.

• Tracking & coordinating in a system to allow

fleets to share space while maintain safe &

respectful operations.

• Semi-autonomous.

• Energy clean.

…..For this vision to happen….UAV’s need to be:

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To Address Some of These Concerns….UAV’s May Need:

…..On-board fail safe systems to warn/respond in a

systems failure or emergency….

….. and a centralized & automated air traffic control

system, a single platform systems to coordinate/track

Commercial UAV’s.

…..Tracking & Coordination Systems….

Photo Source: National Air Traffic Control

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Some Ideas to Maximize Benefit, Ease Operations & Addressing

Concerns:

• Minimize stationary hovering except during

arrival/departure and only directly over

destination location.

• For purposes of landing or staging with

other UVA’s, allow orbiting only within a

tight & fixed radius over destination points.

• Create ‘Skylanes,’ mimicking roads, at

fixed altitudes, with height above ground

dependent on population density below.**

Photo Source: Lordleycester.com

Photo Source: FAA

** Altitude based on population density: Lower density = higher flight altitude for noise mitigation.

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Some Ideas for On-Board Safety Systems When In-Flight….

• Warning horns if rapid decent.

• Parachutes for major mechanical failure.

Image Copyright © 2016 · Friedman Engineering PC. · All Rights Reserved

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…..And Perhaps Skylanes Would be Setup Something Like This:

…There still are local regulations

which need to be addressed….i.e.

landing on buildings restrictions as in

New York City….

Images Copyright © 2016 · Friedman Engineering PC. · All Rights Reserved

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Besides Package Delivery…UVA’s Likely Will Have Many Other

Functions….

• Ground Traffic Reporting

• Search & Rescue

• Property & Infrastructure Assessments

• Accident Assessment

• Messenger Services

Photo Source: Unmanned-aerial.com Photo Source: Maxsur.com

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….So…

…..Due to the newly released FAA rules…..In

what is now projected to be a $13.6 Billion

market in just the first 3 years**……There will

need to be a new support infrastructure

envisions & constructed supporting UAV

operations….

**Data Source: Inc.com

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