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Unless otherwise indicated this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Open Access 101
Anna DanielOpen Access Week, October 2014
Image: gulia.forsythe https://flic.kr/p/egx8fA CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
Agenda• Rationale for OA• Definitions• Open licences• Green, gold and hybrid open access publishing models• Journal articles: how to determine what you can make
openly available • Summary of key points
Why go OA?
Image modified from: Kingsley, D and Brown, S. 2013 Benefits of Open Access http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/c2/56/4a/c2564a4ab3b1f1bba268add77b0624b0.jpg CC BY
= ARC measures of research performance
ARC, NHMRC etc. Some funders overseas penalise grantees who do not open access to results.
Use of OER in courses complies with Federal requirements for HECs funded students
$
Reputation effect of being published in prestigious OA journals with prestigious editors. Attracts prestigious people to you!
Because a third of Australia’s universities are doing it!
Increased peer review and feedback, transparency and accountability = stronger research credibility
Researchers in any country can reuse your work, anytime with attribution to you
Open access policies
ANU, Bond, Charles Sturt University, Deakin, Edith Cowan, James Cook, Macquarie, QUT,Newcastle, Queensland, South Australia, Wollongong and Victoria Universities
Federal State Universities with OA
PoliciesDeclaration of Open Government 2010Open Government Partnership Action Plan 2014Publishing Public Sector Information (Finance) 2011Coalition’s Plan for e-Government 2013Australian Chief Scientist, ARC, NHMRC
Government data – ‘an extraordinary national asset at our fingertips’ – should be published as a routine government function, and open access should be the default position’. Malcolm Turnbull 2014.1
…aka openness is now unavoidable
1. Keynote speech to the AIIA ‘Navigating Analytics Summit’: www.minister.communications.gov.au/malcolm_turnbull/speeches/aiia_speech_navigating_analytics_summit2
ACT: Open Data Policy; Open Government in the ACTNSW: Open Government; Open Data PolicyQld: Qld Universities Open Data StrategySA: Open Data DeclarationVic: DataVic Access Policy
There are three elements of openness: 1. Accessible – available online to anyone, anywhere, anytime at zero cost2. Technical – in a format that allows downloads and reuse3. Legal – with a license that protects copyright and gives permission to anyone to
reuse it
OER are open educational resources – educational resources that are openly licenced for reuse by anyone, anywhere, anytime. Any resource can be made open: creative and scholarly works, research data and code, educational resources, and some corporate data.
1. Definitions from AOASG and SHERPA RoMEO <http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/guidance/authors.html#whatoa>
What is open access (OA)?Open access is making research results freely available to anyone with an internet connection
Open Access RepositoriesOpen Access repositories can hold digital versions of published works (articles, media, books, code etc.) and make them freely available. Most universities have open access repositories, and there’s 2,700+ open access repositories worldwide with over 64 million works1.
Open Access JournalsA way of providing Open Access is to publish in an Open Access Journal. These journals are available $free$ to anyone, anywhere, anytime. About 65% are free to publish in2, but others require payment to publish (to be discussed) There’s 10,000+ peer reviewed OA journals worldwide containing 1,734,051 articles3. There’s 120+ Australian OA journals.
1. http://www.opendoar.org/find.php 2. July 2013 in http://aoasg.org.au/open-access-journals-in-australia/ 3. http://doaj.org/ icons from thenounproject.com
What open access isn’tDoes not exclude peer review
OA works are not poor quality or 2nd rate
OA is not a convoluted, complicated and confusing process
OA does not increase plagiarism
Banksy Follow your dreams’ image: Chris Devers ‘https://www.flickr.com/photos/cdevers/4602805654/ CC BY-NC-ND
All open licences are not the same
BY = Attribution Credit the author
NC = NonCommercial useSeek permission for commercial use
SA = SharealikeAny reuse must apply same ‘SA’ open licence
ND = No Derivatives No remixing of the work. Seek permission to remix it
Text, images, code, multimedia SoftwareGNU GPL General Public Licence
or BSD 3-Clause Software Licence Berkeley Software Distribution
Data
CC0 = Public Domain Dedication* or Public Domain MarkOr CC BY in Australia
* note this is not a licence
deposit an open access copy of the published work in a repository
or
publish in a journal that is available at zero cost to the public
1. http://www.opendoar.org/find.php 2. http://aoasg.org.au/open-access-journals-in-australia/ 3. http://doaj.org/ icons from thenounproject.com
How to open access
deposit an open access copy of the published work in a repository
or
publish in a journal that is available at zero cost to the public
1. http://www.opendoar.org/find.php 2. http://aoasg.org.au/open-access-journals-in-australia/ 3. http://doaj.org/ icons from thenounproject.com
GREEN
GOLD
How to open access
Green open access
1. Publish ‘anywhere’* through traditional process (peer review etc.)
2. and deposit a version of the published paper in an open institutional repository (or in a repository openly).
* can publish anywhere, paywalled or open access journal. If publishing in a free open access journal, simply link to the published version in your repository entry.
Green open access
Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to subscription
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. Retain licence to deposit in open archive
Published articles behind
$paywalls$ in Australian legal
jurisdiction
Embargo….. Author deposits a version of the
paper in an open access repository
Public access to the version in the repository, linked by Google Scholar
………………
Green open access
Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to subscription
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. Retain licence to deposit in open archive
Published articles behind
$paywalls$ in Australian legal
jurisdiction
Embargo….. Author deposits a version of the
paper in an open access repository
Public access to the version in the repository, linked by Google Scholar
………………
Gold open access
Image: modified from Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to Open Access
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Gold open access
Image modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to Open Access
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Gold open access
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to Open Access
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. May retain rights
Image modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0
Gold open access
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to Open Access
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. May retain rights
Author$pays$
APC
Image modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0
What’s an APC?Article processing charge, or upfront payment for costs of publication incl.:
editorial (manuscript handling), technical support (journal platform and manuscript handling systems); production (copy editing (although this may be provided for free by peers?), formatting, marking up and indexing; marketing; profit; customer service (permissions management, responding to reader questions); and may also carry the cost of print infrastructure, paywalls, authentication systems, bespoke complex licence creation costs, litigation, PR and lobbying, world travel, expensive dinners …
Image: Superior Ace Printing Press by sanickles https://www.flickr.com/photos/9137715@N05/2047070491/ CC BY-NC-ND
In 2013, 35% of open access journals were gold open access. 65% of open access journals require no APC, they’re free to publish in
Source: http://aoasg.org.au/open-access-journals-in-australia/
Gold open access
Image: modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0 1. http://aoasg.org.au/open-access-journals-in-australia/
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to Open Access
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. May retain rights
Author$pays$
APC
Public reuse Openly licenced
Hybrid (type of gold) open access
Image modified from : Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/cost-of-hybrid/ CC BY 4.0
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to subscription
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. Rarely retain rights
Hybrid (type of gold) open access
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to subscription journals for peer
review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. Rarely retain rights
Image modified from : Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/cost-of-hybrid/ CC BY 4.0
Hybrid (type of gold) open access
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to subscription
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. Rarely retain rights
Author$pays$
APC
Image modified from : Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/cost-of-hybrid/ CC BY 4.0
Hybrid (type of gold) open access
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to subscription
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. Rarely retain rights
Author$pays$
APC
Public reuse Openly licenced
Image modified from : Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/cost-of-hybrid/ CC BY 4.0
Hybrid (type of gold) open access
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to subscription
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. Rarely retain rights
Author$pays$
APC
Public reuse Openly licenced
Image modified from : Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/cost-of-hybrid/ CC BY 4.0
General differences at a glanceTraditional Green Gold Hybrid
Copyright ownership Journal Author/Uni Depends Depends
Peer Review Yes Yes Yes Yes
Findability Paywalled Open Open Unclear
Reuse Paywalled Anyone, anywhere,
anytime
Anyone, anywhere,
anytime
Anyone, anywhere, anytime (but perhaps not marked as
such, it’s complex)
Embargo No Potentially No Unclear
Google Scholar? ? Yes Yes ?
Financial Cost $0 $0 $$ $$$ + $$$
Public benefit Slow, low Highest High Not as high (muddy)
Progress check
Image excerpt from: gulia.forsythe ‘Occupy OpenEd11’ https://www.flickr.com/photos/gforsythe/6283629230/ CC BY-NC-SA
Type SHERPA RoMEO into your search engine
Type SHERPA RoMEO into your search engine
SHERPA RoMEO search
<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>
SHERPA RoMEO search result
<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>
SHERPA RoMEO search
<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>
SHERPA RoMEO search result
SHERPA RoMEO search
<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>
SHERPA RoMEO search result
<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>
SHERPA RoMEO search
<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>
SHERPA RoMEO search result
<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>
Article versions
Published version 1 Postprint Preprint
1. used under s40 of Copyright Act 1968
Article versionsPublished version (Publisher PDF)The version ‘as published’ in the journal (sometimes called the ‘publisher’s PDF’). This version generally includes value added by the publisher, such as hyperlinked references, typesetting (into columns) and pagination. Only a small proportion of all publishers will allow this version to be made open access, even after an embargo.
Postprint (Accepted version)The final version of an academic article or other publication - after it has been peer-reviewed and revised into its final form by the author. As a general term this covers both the author's final version and the version as published, with formatting and copy-editing changes in place. It has the SAME content as the published version.
Preprint (Submitted version)In the context of Open Access, a preprint is a draft of an academic article or other publication before it has been submitted for peer-review or other quality assurance procedure as part of the publication process. Preprints cover initial and successive drafts of articles, working papers or draft conference papers.
Sources: SHERPA RoMEO and AOASG
Article versionsPublished version (Publisher PDF)The version ‘as published’ in the journal (sometimes called the ‘publisher’s PDF’). This version generally includes value added by the publisher, such as hyperlinked references, typesetting (into columns) and pagination. Only a small proportion of all publishers will allow this version to be made open access, even after an embargo.
Postprint (Accepted version)The final version of an academic article or other publication - after it has been peer-reviewed and revised into its final form by the author. As a general term this covers both the author's final version and the version as published, with formatting and copy-editing changes in place. It has the SAME content as the published version.
Preprint (Submitted version)In the context of Open Access, a preprint is a draft of an academic article or other publication before it has been submitted for peer-review or other quality assurance procedure as part of the publication process. Preprints cover initial and successive drafts of articles, working papers or draft conference papers.
Sources: SHERPA RoMEO and AOASG
Q: What’s the difference between the Accepted version and Publisher version?
Q: What’s the difference between the Accepted version and Publisher version?
A:• Accepted version is the postprint• Postprint is formatted simply and this enables easier reuse• Content is exactly the same as published version• Published version has publisher formatting• Different DOIs • Published version may be what citation metrics measure
Q: A publisher says they allow preprints to be archived, but SHERPA RoMEO claim they allow postprints, why is the SHERPA RoMEO entry wrong?
Source: SHERPA RoMEO FAQs <http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/faq.php>
Q: A publisher says they allow preprints to be archived, but SHERPA RoMEO claim they allow postprints, why is the SHERPA RoMEO entry wrong?
A: Publishers may use the term preprint to define all forms of the article prior to print publication. SHERPA follows an academic practice of defining preprints as a draft of an academic article or other publication before it has been submitted for peer-review or other quality assurance procedure as part of the publication process. Preprints cover initial and successive drafts. Note again that SHERPA RoMEO focusses only on journals.
Source: SHERPA RoMEO FAQs <http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/faq.php>
Questions on the different versions?
Published version 1 Postprint Preprint
1. used under s40 of Copyright Act 1968
1. Simply put a version of your research outputs in an open access repository2. Try to retain copyright when you sign publishing agreements, and minimise
embargoes – difficult but necessary3. Consider using OA journals/OER in your research and teaching – it simplifies
the process if your work because they have fewer use restrictions4. Familiarise yourself with the CC licences 5. Include introductions to open access in inductions and orientations
6. Don’t get distracted – many problems of OA are problems of publishing in general and not specific to OA
7. Avoid confusing open access licences: if you don’t understand it, don’t sign it8. Don’t overthink it – done well it’s a simple process.
How to go OA - tips
Information and support AOASG – www.aoasg.org.au and the email listCreative Commons licences: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ / Uni Copyright Officer
SHERPA http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/ includes:RoMEO - Publisher's copyright & archiving policies JULIET - Research funders archiving mandates and guidelines DOAR: Directory of Open Access Repositories
Open access journals: http://doaj.org/Open access books: http://www.doabooks.org/Open academic works: http://www.opendoar.org/search.php or Google ScholarOER Commons: https://www.oercommons.org/
Upcoming AOASG webinarsFunder OA policies & requirements: Wed 22 Oct 12:30pm AEDT
Understanding publisher agreements: Wed 22 OCT 2:30pm AEDT
The changing publishing landscape: Thurs 23 Oct 12:30pm AEDT
Register at http://aoasg.org.au/aoasg-webinars-2014/
AOASG member institutions• Australian National University• Charles Sturt University • Curtin University • Griffith University • Macquarie University • University of Newcastle • Queensland University of Technology • University of Western Australia • Victoria University
The Patron of the AOASG is Emeritus Professor Tom Cochrane, Faculty of Law at QUT.aoasg.org.au
Following slides are parked and will be removed before the presentation
The publishing landscape in +10 years?Aidan Byrne - CEO ARC believes the dominant future structure will be green.
University
University
University
PublisherGreen
Gold(incl. vanity
pubs)Green
Crowd sourced works
THE WEB
Byrne, A. 2013. Opening Address, Open Access and Research Conference, QUT, Brisbane, 30 October
PLOS fee types
http://www.plos.org/publications/publication-fees/open-access-funds/
Traditional publishing
Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to subscription
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. Lose their copyright
Libraries $purchase$ or public $pays$
$Readers$ may only read or
print article – no text mining etc. ……………….
Articles behind $paywalls$ in Australian legal
jurisdiction
Traditional publishing
Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to subscription
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. Lose their copyright
Libraries $purchase$ or public $pays$
$Readers$ may only read or
print article – no text mining etc. ……………….
Articles behind $paywalls$ in Australian legal
jurisdiction
Traditional publishing
Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0
……………….
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to subscription
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. Lose their copyright
Libraries $purchase$ or public $pays$
$Readers$ may only read or
print article – no text mining etc. ……………….
Articles behind $paywalls$ in Australian legal
jurisdiction
Traditional publishing
Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0
……………….
Public funded research
results are written up
Manuscript sent to subscription
journals for peer review
Manuscript accepted for publication
Authors sign publishing
contract. Lose their copyright
Libraries $purchase$ or public $pays$
$Readers$ may only read or
print article – no text mining etc. ……………….
Articles behind $paywalls$ in Australian legal
jurisdiction
OA Publishing models
GREEN
GOLD
Fully OA Journal + link from institutional repository
Hybrid OA option+ link from institutional repository
Traditional subscription publisher + full version in institutional repository
$0 cost Open Access Journal + link from institutional repository