unix talk 2007 for ceg y07 tang wai chung, matthew (mafai) date: 27th aug, 2007

UNIX Talk 2007UNIX Talk 2007

For CEG Y07For CEG Y07Tang Wai Chung, Matthew (MaFai)Tang Wai Chung, Matthew (MaFai)

Date: 27th AUG, 2007Date: 27th AUG, 2007

OverviewOverview

CSE working environmentCSE working environment UNIX basicsUNIX basics UNIX file systemUNIX file system Process ManagementProcess Management Common UNIX utilitiesCommon UNIX utilities Internet ApplicationsInternet Applications Text Editor: Text Editor: VIMVIM

undergrad.

CSE Student LaboratoriesCSE Student Laboratories

SHB 122

SHB 924 SHB 904

7 x 24 hrs

postgrad.

You are here

User AccountUser Account

1 GB Storage

username: tmchan7password: i_love_u2* use the same p/w for

XP and UNIX.

samba server

Connect to UNIX Connect to UNIX WorkstationsWorkstations

username: tmchan7

password: *********

ssh

ssh

sparc??

linux?

User Account (Cont)User Account (Cont)

Personal HomepagePersonal Homepagehttp://www.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~[username]http://www.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~[username]ororhttp://appsrv.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~[username]http://appsrv.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~[username] Put your webpages under directory Put your webpages under directory wwwwww & &

allow world readable permission (discuss later)allow world readable permission (discuss later)

Email address:Email address:[username]@cse.cuhk.edu.[username]@cse.cuhk.edu.hkhk

Printers & PrintingPrinters & Printing

Run out of quota?Run out of quota? Quota transferQuota transfer Purchase more quotaPurchase more quotaMore detailshttp://www.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/corner/tech/account

LocLoc 122122 904904 924924

B/W (1 Q)B/W (1 Q) ps4ps4 ps3ps3 ps,ps2ps,ps2

Colour (5 Colour (5 Q)Q)

cpscps n/an/a cps1,2cps1,2

Etiquette in LabsEtiquette in Labs

Chan Tai Man

07123456 / tmchan7

31-Aug-2010

http://images.google.com.hk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk/aiclink/workshop/Pictures/cuhk-transp.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk/aiclink/workshop/&h=386&w=559&sz=9&hl=zh-TW&start=1&um=1&tbnid=YLvYyuA39QCuRM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcuhk%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DG

Why UNIX?Why UNIX?

Accessible account everywhere

Convenient programming environment

Efficient manipulation (regexp, batch, scripting)

http://flagspot.net/images/u/us.gif

UNIX BasicsUNIX Basics

Users issue commands to the OS.

CommandsCommands Users type in commands to execute their jobs.Users type in commands to execute their jobs. Predefined Predefined mnemonicsmnemonics with known meanings with known meanings

e.g. ls = list, cp = copy, rm = remove, etc…e.g. ls = list, cp = copy, rm = remove, etc… Case-sensitiveCase-sensitive Basic syntaxBasic syntax

[[commandcommand] –[] –[option(s)option(s)] [] [argument(s)argument(s)]]

Target to act on

Instruction for how it acts

More About CommandsMore About Commands Multiple commands can be separated wiMultiple commands can be separated wi

th a semicolon (;)th a semicolon (;)Example: Example: [command 1]; [command 2]; [command 3][command 1]; [command 2]; [command 3]

Enter command in several lines using baEnter command in several lines using backslash (\)ckslash (\)Example: Example: [a very long command 1]; \[a very long command 1]; \ (enter) (enter)[a very long command 2][a very long command 2]

TerminalTerminal

Ctrl

u+

clear lineclear line

Ctrl

l+

clear screenclear screen

Ctrl

c+

break a commandbreak a command

Ctrl

d+

disconnect / logoutdisconnect / logout

Prompt & ShellPrompt & Shell You will find a prompt for you to type coYou will find a prompt for you to type co

mmands.mmands.e.g. e.g. sparc1:/uac/y07/tmchan6>sparc1:/uac/y07/tmchan6>

Shell: command interpreterShell: command interpreterReview command historyReview command history

Auto-completeAuto-complete

Ctrl

Machine Name Machine Name Current directory Current directory

Lab Exercise 1: StartupLab Exercise 1: StartupSetup your own UNIX environment.Setup your own UNIX environment.

1.1. Login the PCLogin the PC2.2. Start “SSH Secure Shell Client”Start “SSH Secure Shell Client”3.3. Edit Edit Settings Settings Global Settings: Appearance: C Global Settings: Appearance: C

olors olors Foreground: White; Background: Black Foreground: White; Background: Black4.4. Quick Connect – Host Name = sparcXX; Quick Connect – Host Name = sparcXX;

login using your own accountlogin using your own account5.5. lsls

6.6. /uac/gds/wctang/bin/startup.script/uac/gds/wctang/bin/startup.script

7.7. source .cshrcsource .cshrc

8.8. lsls (this time the listing should be colourful!)(this time the listing should be colourful!)

UNIX File SystemUNIX File System Multi-leveled hierarchy: directory treeMulti-leveled hierarchy: directory treePath

uac usr

y07

/uac /usr

/uac/y07

/ /

UNIX File SystemUNIX File System Filename: max. length 256 characters – Filename: max. length 256 characters –

numbers, alphabets, {_ . [ ]} or other synumbers, alphabets, {_ . [ ]} or other symbolsmbols

Hidden file began with ‘.’Hidden file began with ‘.’ Directory: a special file which stores a grDirectory: a special file which stores a gr

oup of other files (incl. directory).oup of other files (incl. directory). Every user has a Every user has a home directoryhome directory.. PathPath

Absolute (relative to /)Absolute (relative to /)Relative (current directory)Relative (current directory)

UNIX File SystemUNIX File System

Special directoriesSpecial directories . = current directory. = current directory .. = parent directory (one level up).. = parent directory (one level up)~ = home directory~ = home directory~[userA] = home directory of “userA”~[userA] = home directory of “userA”

cdcd

lsls

cpcp

rmrm

mvmv

mkdirmkdirrmdirrmdir

Commands (File Manipulations)Commands (File Manipulations)

Demo 1Demo 1

File & DirectoryFile & DirectoryRedirection & PipeRedirection & Pipe

Lab Exercise 2: Save File Listing in a fileLab Exercise 2: Save File Listing in a file1.1. mkdir utalkmkdir utalk

create a new directory called “utalk”create a new directory called “utalk”2.2. cd utalkcd utalk

go into the new directorygo into the new directory3.3. ls –l ~ > home.ls.txtls –l ~ > home.ls.txt

list the home directory and save the output in “holist the home directory and save the output in “home.ls.txt”me.ls.txt”

4.4. more home.ls.txtmore home.ls.txtread back the contentread back the content

5.5. rm home.ls.txtrm home.ls.txt remove the fileremove the file

6.6. cd ..cd ..go up one levelgo up one level

7.7. rmdir utalkrmdir utalkdelete the directorydelete the directory

File PermissionFile Permission

• r: read• w: write

• x: execute

rwxrwxrwx\u/\g/\o/

y07

others(o

)

grou

p(g)

user(u)

Changing PermissionChanging Permission Basic SyntaxBasic Syntaxchmodchmod [ [permission_triads/modepermission_triads/mode] [] [filenamefilename]]

permission_triadspermission_triads := [ := [whowho][][actionaction][][permissiopermissionsns]]whowho = {u, g, o, a} = {u, g, o, a} actionaction = {+, -} = {+, -}permissionspermissions = {r, w, x} = {r, w, x}e.g. e.g. chmod a+r allcanread.txtchmod a+r allcanread.txt

modemode := [ := [uu][][gg][][oo]]r = 4, w = 2, x = 1r = 4, w = 2, x = 13=w+x; 5 = r+x; 7=r+w+x3=w+x; 5 = r+x; 7=r+w+xe.g.1: e.g.1: chmod 640 a.txtchmod 640 a.txte.g.2: e.g.2: chmod 751 mydirchmod 751 mydir

Archive & Backup: gtarArchive & Backup: gtar Very often we would like store an archive Very often we would like store an archive

of your files (source codes, reports).of your files (source codes, reports). gtar is an utility to compress a set of files gtar is an utility to compress a set of files

to an archive (or vice versa).to an archive (or vice versa). Compress: Compress: gtar zcvf [archive name] [file list]gtar zcvf [archive name] [file list]

Expand: Expand: gtar zxvf [archive name]gtar zxvf [archive name]

Managing Print QueuesManaging Print Queues

You can check and remove print jobs You can check and remove print jobs onlyonly on UNIX (even jobs from XP) on UNIX (even jobs from XP)

Check print queue & find print job IDCheck print queue & find print job IDlpq –P[printer name]lpq –P[printer name]

Remove the job from the queueRemove the job from the queuelprm –P[printer name] [job ID]lprm –P[printer name] [job ID]

Print a postscript file directlyPrint a postscript file directlylpr –P[printer name] [postscript file]lpr –P[printer name] [postscript file]

Check print quotasCheck print quotasprintquotaprintquota

Using “man”Using “man”

The command The command manman will display the manu will display the manual of other commands.al of other commands.e.g. e.g. man lsman lsexplains the details & options with explains the details & options with lsls

dd,,ff: Forward; : Forward; bb,,Ctrl+bCtrl+b: back: back //: search for keywords in the manual: search for keywords in the manual

nn: next matched items: next matched items qq: quit: quit

Email Client: PineEmail Client: Pine

Pine is a fast, simple and easy-to-use Pine is a fast, simple and easy-to-use email client on UNIX systems.email client on UNIX systems.

With a simple terminal, you can check and With a simple terminal, you can check and send emails everywhere.send emails everywhere.

You will never be afraid of being infected You will never be afraid of being infected by unknown attachment from emails!by unknown attachment from emails!

You can also edit your own email filter You can also edit your own email filter script for efficient categorization. (ref: script for efficient categorization. (ref: procmail)procmail)

Pine: InterfacePine: Interface

Pine: Compose EmailPine: Compose Email

Pine: Read EmailPine: Read Email

Pine: Read AttachmentPine: Read Attachment

Demo 2Demo 2

File PermissionFile PermissionEmail: PineEmail: Pine

Powerful Editor: VIMPowerful Editor: VIM

VIM is one of the most powerful text editoVIM is one of the most powerful text editor in which you can enter the most letters r in which you can enter the most letters with less number of keystrokeswith less number of keystrokes

Syntax highlight is available in nearly all lSyntax highlight is available in nearly all languages you will use hereanguages you will use here(C, C++, Java, Pascal, HTML, PHP, SQL)(C, C++, Java, Pascal, HTML, PHP, SQL)

Automatic backup (.swp file)Automatic backup (.swp file) Highly customizableHighly customizable Strong support communityStrong support community

including

Modes in VIMModes in VIM

In normal mode of VIM, you issue commIn normal mode of VIM, you issue commands instead of inserting letters.ands instead of inserting letters.

You can enter to insert mode by pressinYou can enter to insert mode by pressing , <a>, <o>, etc ..g , <a>, <o>, etc ..

Insert mode, you can type as you do in nInsert mode, you can type as you do in notepad.otepad.

Return to normal mode by pressing <EscReturn to normal mode by pressing <Esc>>

Modes in VIM (Cont)Modes in VIM (Cont)

INSERT

visual

COMMAND, <a>, <o>, <a>, <o>

<Esc><Esc>

type your codes

edit your text

copy & paste

formatting

Move around (Command Mode)Move around (Command Mode)

You can use cursor keys or You can use cursor keys or <h> = left; <l> = right; <h> = left; <l> = right; <j> = down; <k> = up<j> = down; <k> = up

<Ctrl-u> = <Ctrl-u> = uup half pagep half page<Ctrl-d> = <Ctrl-d> = ddown half pageown half page<Ctrl-b> = <Ctrl-b> = bback 1 pageack 1 page<Ctrl-f> = <Ctrl-f> = fforward 1 pageorward 1 page

Move around (Command Mode)Move around (Command Mode)

<$>: end of line; <^>: beginning of line; <<$>: end of line; <^>: beginning of line; <0>: first position.0>: first position.

<{no}G>: go to line {no}<{no}G>: go to line {no} <gg>: beginning of file<gg>: beginning of file <G>: end of file<G>: end of file

Save & QuitSave & Quit

<ZZ>: write file and exit (time to sleep!)<ZZ>: write file and exit (time to sleep!) <:w>: save with same name<:w>: save with same name <:q>: quit<:q>: quit <:wq>: save and quit<:wq>: save and quit When you add ‘!’ at the end of w or q, When you add ‘!’ at the end of w or q,

you force to execute the command.you force to execute the command. <:sav {filename}>: save as.<:sav {filename}>: save as.

Deleting ... Undo / RedoDeleting ... Undo / Redo <d{type}>: delete 1 object of {type}<d{type}>: delete 1 object of {type} <dd>: delete a line<dd>: delete a line <dw>: delete one word<dw>: delete one word <d3w>: delete 3 words<d3w>: delete 3 words <y{type}>: yank (copy) 1 object<y{type}>: yank (copy) 1 object <yy>: copy a line to buffer<yy>: copy a line to buffer : paste the buffer content: paste the buffer content : undo: undo <Ctrl-r>: redo<Ctrl-r>: redo

NNTP News Reader: TinNNTP News Reader: Tin

Most of our courses have newsgroup Most of our courses have newsgroup in the NNTP server.in the NNTP server.

Tin is fast, simple and easy-to-use Tin is fast, simple and easy-to-use news reader on UNIX.news reader on UNIX.

Tin keeps you with the latest news Tin keeps you with the latest news from courses (hints? delay?).from courses (hints? delay?).

Check and post your news Check and post your news everywhere with a terminal.everywhere with a terminal.

Pin: NG SubscriptionPin: NG Subscription

Tin: Reading NewsTin: Reading News

Tin: Posting News (VIM)Tin: Posting News (VIM)

Demo 3Demo 3

Powerful Editor: VIMPowerful Editor: VIMNews Reader: TINNews Reader: TIN

Lab Exercise 3: Internet UtilitiesLab Exercise 3: Internet Utilities1.1. Use Use pinepine to send an email to me ( to send an email to me (wctangwctang) usin) usin

g the subject “Y07 [g the subject “Y07 [usernameusername]”]”2.2. Use Use tintin to subscribe the newsgroup to subscribe the newsgroup cuhk.tecuhk.te

stst Use VIM to edit and post in this group.Use VIM to edit and post in this group.

Q & A / Free Chat Q & A / Free Chat

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

See you all again in ERG2020B!

unix talk 2007 for ceg y07 tang wai chung, matthew (mafai) date: 27th aug, 2007

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