university rankings,the triple helix modeland webometrics:opening pandora’s box
TRANSCRIPT
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University Rankings,the Triple Helix Modeland Webometrics:Opening Pandora’s Box
Prof. Han Woo ParkDept of Media & Communication, Yeungnam Univ
Pieter StekDoctoral Student, Delft University of Technology
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Disclaimer
The views expressed in this presentation reflect personal opinions which may or may
not coincide with the views of the organization with which the authors are
affiliated.
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https://www.triplehelixassociation.org/webinar-series/university-rankings
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Aims
• Understanding the methodologies and impact of existing university rankings
• Discussing how advances in Webometrics may lead to new university rankings
• Opening Pandora’s box: towards a Triple Helix Ranking of Universities
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Agenda
• Introducing university rankings
• Webometrics of academia
• A Triple Helix Ranking concept– Debating the pros and cons
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University rankings
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Which is your favorite?
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Rankings compared
Criterion QS THE Shanghai LeidenAcademic publications, Nobel, Fields
20% 36% 90% 100%
Reputation survey 50% 33%
Faculty/student ratio 20% 4.5%
International 10% 7.5%Other 8.25% (doctor-bachelor
ratio)2.5% (industry income)8.25% (income)
10% (per capita performance)
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Some national rankings
• Joongang Ilbo (Korea)Faculty research (33%), education and financial (30%), reputation and alumni (20%), internationalization (17%)
• U.S. News and World Report (USA)Reputation (22.5%), selectivity (12.5%), faculty resources (20%), graduation/retention rates (30%), financial (15%)
• Zeit CHE Ranking (Germany)At course level, course features + student and faculty opinion survey
• Research Assessment Framework (UK)At department level, focusing on ‘originality, significance and rigor’, thus including research impact
• Etc.
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Alternative: Trojan Condom Ranking
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Part
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king
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Rankings summary & claims
• Matter to students, parents, employers and governments
• So they matter to universities
• Propositions:– Rankings are changing universities– Rankings are a policy tool– Rankings reflect consumer power
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Webometrics of academia
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Internet presence
• Essential questions:– Who is mentioned? (content analysis)– By whom? (citation network analysis)
on the internet– What does this say about the underlying academic system?
• We present some findings published in Scientometrics:– Barnett et al. (2013) – [B]– Lee & Park (2012) – [L]– Chung & Park (2012) – [C]
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Universities
• [B] Universities network centrality on the academic internet (e.g. harvard.edu, tudelft.nl, yu.ac.kr) has a statistically significant correlation with:– University size– Number of Nobel Prizes– Rankings (U.S. News)– Doctoral degrees yes/no– English-speaking yes/no– Bandwidth capacity– Physical distance is irrelevant
• And at the national level:– Citations, co-authorship, student exchange, total number of weblinks
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Webometrics rankings?
• They exist: webometrics.info, which is based on an inbound link measure
• [B] Academic web network centrality is predictive of rankings (U.S. News)
• [L] Web visibility is also highly predictive of rankings (Shanghai)
• There is an ‘English speaking’ bias/benefit
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Scholars
• [C] Online visibility of scholars also correlates to their SSCI output
• There is again an ‘English speaking’ bias/benefit
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Webometrics summary & claims
• Web indicators (content and network) correlate to other academic performance measures
• Webometrics are regarded as ‘reliable’, but not all links and content are valid
• Propositions:– Who links to you is what you are– Web presence matters for universities and individual
scholars– Web presence should be part of university’s institutional
strategy
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A Triple Helix Ranking concept
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Triple Helix interaction matters for…
• Students & parents: get a job– For some: become entrepreneurs
• Academics: more money for research• Companies: better innovation• Government: happy people and companies– and innovation eventually grows the tax base
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Some indicators
• Co-authorship across TH sectors• Citations of scientific documents in patents• Mentions of university in industry/government
media/websites (and vice-versa?)• Production of patents by/with universities• Number of start-ups from/near the university• Industry R&D funding• Employability• Mobility of researchers across TH sectors
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Likely pitfalls
• Taking into account local context– Matters little to students and parents– Matters to government, local people
• Unintended side-effects of ranking strategies– Is the Triple Helix a means or an end?
• Too similar to current rankings: nothing new• Differences between fields– e.g. theatre vs. electrical engineering– one size does not fit all
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The Triple Helix: back to basics
• Three sectors (strands) – industry, university and government…– or more? – international, user/consumer
• Co-evolution – through communication between members of different sectors
• Balance – no single actor is dominant, they lead together
• Benefits – for all actors involved, and the innovation ecosystem
• Multiscalar – acts on different scales
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The Customized Helix-Beyond UIG
• What are the main Helix ‘strands’ in different sectors?
• Some suggestions:
Theatre Nursing Engineering(“traditional” TH)
Actors and writersAudienceProducers
Government (censorship, subsidy)
Hospitals & doctorsPatients
Nursing SchoolRegulator
CompaniesConsumers/Users
UniversitiesGovernment
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The Customized Helix
• Even differentiation within fields:
Accounting Marketing Human ResourcesAccounting board
InvestorsTax agency
Business school
FirmsAdvertising agencies
ConsumersBusiness school
Labour unionsFirm managementLabour regulationBusiness school
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The role of webometrics
• Provide large-scale quantitative evidence to understand/confirm cross-sector interactions taking place
• Versatility in data sources, i.e. goes beyond patents and academic articles
• Considers both network and content
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Propositions
1. The strength of the Triple Helix lies in it being a conceptual model– What the sectors are, is of secondary importance
2. A Triple Helix ranking can be a hybrid tool for policy makers, academics and students alike
3. Webometrics is less biased than other indicators of university quality
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Time’s up!
• Thank you for participating.Should you wish to get in touch with us:
• Prof. Han Woo Park – [email protected], www.hanpark.net
• Pieter Stek – [email protected]