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N.$

FDM

frequency

time

TDM

frequency

time

4 users Example:

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N users$

1 Mbps link$

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N)$

Z$

to/from customers

peering

to/from backbone

ZD$

Z$

Z$

Z$

POP: point-of-presence

Nc$

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$

Tier 1 ISP$

Tier 1 ISP$

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Tier-2 ISP$Tier-2 ISP$

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Tier-2 ISP$ Tier-2 ISP$

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local ISP$local

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traffic intensity = La/R

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3 probes

3 probes

3 probes

=.$

dhcp-10-10-207-20:~ shafer$ traceroute -a www.msu.ru traceroute to www.msu.ru (193.232.113.151), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets 1 [AS0] 138.9.253.252 (138.9.253.252) 0.740 ms 0.741 ms 1.290 ms 2 [AS0] 74.202.6.5 (74.202.6.5) 5.245 ms 15.006 ms 5.142 ms 3 [AS4323] sjc1-pr1-xe-0-0-0-0.us.twtelecom.net (66.192.251.170) 6.414 ms 6.640 ms 17.283 ms 4 [AS6453] if-10-0-0-56.core3.sqn-sanjose.as6453.net (209.58.116.50) 6.628 ms * [AS6453] if-13-0-0-55.core3.sqn-sanjose.as6453.net (66.198.97.9) 7.056 ms 5 [AS6453] if-9-0-0.mcore4.pdi-paloalto.as6453.net (216.6.33.6) 68.184 ms [AS6453] if-6-0-0-1145.mcore4.pdi-paloalto.as6453.net (216.6.86.45) 8.120 ms [AS6453] if-9-0-0.mcore4.pdi-paloalto.as6453.net (216.6.33.6) 491.007 ms 6 [AS11029] if-0-0-0-892.mcore3.njy-newark.as6453.net (209.58.124.25) 78.807 ms 109.426 ms 78.890 ms 7 [AS15706] if-4-0-0.core1.fv0-frankfurt.as6453.net (195.219.69.29) 167.206 ms 167.461 ms 167.002 ms 8 [AS15706] if-0-0-0.core1.fr1-frankfurt.as6453.net (195.219.69.54) 171.256 ms 171.844 ms 174.118 ms 9 [AS6453] if-7-1-0-1310.core1.stk-stockholm.as6453.net (195.219.131.45) 1180.587 ms 437.592 ms 586.125 ms 10 [AS6453] ix-4-0-1.core1.stk-stockholm.as6453.net (195.219.131.22) 200.475 ms 200.301 ms 201.106 ms 11 [AS3267] b57-1-gw.spb.runnet.ru (194.85.40.129) 216.199 ms 216.117 ms 214.311 ms 12 [AS3267] bl16-1-gw.spb.runnet.ru (194.85.40.78) 214.723 ms 214.463 ms 214.494 ms 13 [AS3267] bm18-1-gw.spb.runnet.ru (194.85.40.169) 214.608 ms 214.504 ms 214.493 ms 14 [AS3267] tv11-1-gw.msk.runnet.ru (194.85.40.137) 214.260 ms 214.360 ms 214.478 ms 15 [AS3267] m9-2-gw.msk.runnet.ru (194.85.40.53) 214.752 ms 214.496 ms 214.882 ms 16  [AS3267] msu.msk.runnet.ru (194.190.255.234) 214.197 ms 214.907 ms 214.656 ms 17 [AS2848] 193.232.127.12 (193.232.127.12) 214.501 ms 214.166 ms 214.531 ms 18 [AS2848] 193.232.113.151 (193.232.113.151) 214.864 ms !Z 214.666 ms !Z 214.522 ms !Z

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ticket (purchase)

baggage (check)

gates (load)

runway (takeoff)

airplane routing

departure airport

arrival airport

intermediate air-traffic control centers

airplane routing airplane routing

ticket (complain)

baggage (claim

gates (unload)

runway (land)

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!  @:>27:2>$H70>0A0,$5234U:273$H,+T4:U$oA+>A?M9Hp$!  /2A974>T$A0:34527+>40:3$4:$+,,$,+T273s$

).$

!  '+,W+72$A+:$U2>$4:$?03>$6701$+$S4793<$W071<$07$>70G+:$?0732D$$

!  /HTW+72$+:5$1+,W+72$A+:$72A075$X2T3>70X23<$W2[$34>23$S434>25<$9H,0+5$4:60$>0$A0,,2A>40:$34>2D$$

!  @:62A>25$?03>$A+:$[2$2:70,,25$4:$+$[0>:2><$9325$607$3H+1$+:5$CC0/$+>>+AX3D$$

!  '+,W+72$43$06>2:$32,6M72H,4A+>4:UB$6701$+:$4:62A>25$?03><$322X3$2:>7T$4:>0$0>?27$?03>3$

)($

!  O70G+:$?0732$!  )#,,&$*H+7>$06$3012$

0>?27W432$93269,$306>W+72$!  O05+T$06>2:$0:$+$L2[$H+U2$

!  ]4793$!  @:62A>40:$[T$72A24S4:U$

0[G2A>$f2DUD<$2M1+4,$+>>+A?12:>g$+:5$1(&'*32%#:&4-*&Y&21%&(*#%*

!  /2,6M72H,4A+>4:UB$H70H+U+>2$4>32,6$>0$0>?27$?03>3<$93273$

!  L071B$!  @:62A>40:$[T$!3((#:&4-*

'&2&#:#$J*0[G2A>$>?+>$U2>3$4>32,6$2`2A9>25$

!  /2,6M$72H,4A+>4:UB$H70H+U+>23$>0$0>?27$?03>3<$93273$

Sapphire Worm: aggregate scans/sec in first 5 minutes of outbreak (CAIDA, UWisc data)

)-$

!  C2:4+,$06$327S4A2$fC0/gB$+>>+AX273$1+X2$723097A23$f327S27<$[+:5W45>?g$9:+S+4,+[,2$>0$,2U4>41+>2$>7+JA$[T$0S27W?2,14:U$723097A2$W4>?$[0U93$>7+JA$

(D  /2,2A>$>+7U2>$-D  b72+X$4:>0$?03>3$

+709:5$>?2$:2>W07X$ND  /2:5$H+AX2>3$>0W+75$

>+7U2>$6701$$A01H7014325$?03>3$

target

)N$

F@:,'&)1.-9./;))!  Z'"3,23(%*.&,#3$f3?+725$!>?27:2><$W472,233g$!  F("#-1:%"%1):2>W07X$4:>276+A2$72+53%72A0753$+,,$H+AX2>3$$

f4:A,954:U$H+33W0753<$A7254>$A+75$:91[273<$2>Ag$H+334:U$[T$

A$

B$

C$

src:B dest:A payload$

!  L4723?+7X$306>W+72$9325$4:$,+[3$43$+$6722$H+AX2>M3:4F27$!  O00,3$,4X2$>?43$?+S2$,2U4>41+>2$+:5$4,,2U4>41+>2$9323$

)P$

!  AF)1$""L./;)32:5$H+AX2>$W4>?$6+,32$3097A2$+557233$

A$

B$

C$

src:B dest:A payload$

)=$

!  (':"(2>@.2>$6@3D@:,B$3:4F$32:34>4S2$4:60$f2DUD<$H+33W075g<$+:5$932$,+>27$

!  H+33W075$?0,527$-1)>?+>$9327$6701$3T3>21$H04:>$06$S42W$

A$

B$

C$

src:B dest:A user: B; password: foo$

)a$

! '9A?$1072$4:$!"#!$%$"&'#$()c$4:$>?2$3H74:U$

))$

!  OW0$W+T3$>0$07U+:4Y2$A09732B$

!  "?032$>0HM50W:$!  *+3>27$3>+7>$>0$H70U7+114:U$H70G2A>3$

KHH,4A+>40:3$O7+:3H07>$\+T27$f2DUD$O"#<$RC#g$V2>W07X$\+T27$f2DUD<$@#g$C+>+$\4:X$\+T27$f2DUD$!>?27:2>g$

/2*6728-'

42""2(69*'

)c$

!  O?43$W22Xq3$[7426$0S27S42W$!  @:>27:2>$0S27S42W$!  L?+>q3$+$H70>0A0,i$!  V2>W07X$25U2<$A072<$+AA233$:2>W07X$!  H+AX2>M3W4>A?4:U$S27393$A47A94>M3W4>A?4:U$!  @:>27:2>$3>79A>972$

!  #276071+:A2B$,033<$52,+T<$>?709U?H9>$!  \+T274:U<$327S4A2$1052,3$!  /2A974>T$

!  ;23>$06$>?2$32123>27B$."'&*,&!%Fs$

)e$