university of sunderland cifm03lecture 1 1 quality management of it cifm03 introduction
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1University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Quality Management of IT
CIFM03
Introduction
2University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Coming to Terms with Quality
Quality and Information Systems Strategies
CIFM03
3University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Quality - Basics
• Definitions• Background (cost, development)• Process vs. Product• Quality Assurance tasks• Reviews• Launching QA programmes• Quality Assessment
4University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Definitions
• software - (code, documentation, data)
• quality,
• quality assurance.
5University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Quality – Defined
“The degree to which a set of inherent
characteristics fulfils requirements.”
- ISO 9000:2000
6University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Quality Assurance (I)
Juran defined quality assurance, in his Quality Control Handbook, as:
the activity of providing to all concerned the evidence needed to establish confidence that the quality function is being performed adequately
7University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Quality Assurance (II)
coordinated activities providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled
- ISO 9000:2000
8University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Software Quality
policy
management system
plan
procedures
standards
9University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Cost of Quality
• prevention costs
• appraisal costs
• internal failure costs
• external failure costs
10University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Development of Quality
• Deming, Juran, Ishikawa etc.
• TQM– kaizen
– atarimae hinshitsu
– kansei
– miryokuteki hinshitsu
11University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Product vs. Process
• good process = good product?
• process improvement (CMM)
12University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
QA activities - part 1
• prepare a SQA plan
• participate in the definition of a project’s (software) development plan (and process model)
• review (software engineering) activities to verify compliance with defined (software) process
13University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
QA activities - part 2
• review selected (software) work products to verify compliance with specifications
• ensure deviations from defined activities and products are documented and handled according to defined procedures
• record any non-compliances
• regularly report to senior management
14University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
REVIEWSSTAGE
REQTS ANALYSIS
SOFTWARE DESIGN
CODING
TESTING
TYPE OF REVIEW
SPEC. WALKTHROUGHS
DESIGN WALKTHROUGHS
CODE WALKTHROUGHS
TEST PLAN REVIEW
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CIFM03 Lecture 1
THE REVIEW TEAM
• REVIEW LEADER
• RECORDER
• PRODUCER
• REVIEWER(S)
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CIFM03 Lecture 1
REVIEWER PREPARATION
• Be sure you understand the CONTEXT
• Skim all the product material to understand the
location and format of the information
• Read the product material and annotate
• Pose comments as questions
• Avoid issues of style
• Inform the review leader if you can’t prepare
17University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
CONDUCTING THE REVIEW
• Evaluate the product before the review
• Review the product, not the producer
• Keep the tone mild, ask questions instead of making accusations
• Stick to the review agenda
• Raise issues - don’t resolve them
• Avoid discussion of style - stick to technical correctness
• Schedule reviews as project tasks
• Record and report all review results
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CIFM03 Lecture 1
Humphrey says:
The people responsible for the software projects are the only ones who can be responsible for quality……..
The role of SQA is to monitor the way these groups perform their responsibilities.
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Launching a SQA Programme
• initiate the programme• identify the issues• write the plan• establish standards• establish the function• train and promote• implement the plan• evaluate the programme
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Pitfalls:
• it is a mistake to think that SQA people (alone) can do
anything about quality
• the existence of a SQA function does not ensure that the
standard procedures are followed
• unless management periodically demonstrates its support
for SQA, by following their recommendations, SQA will be
ineffective
• unless line management requires that SQA tries to resolve
their issues with project management before escalation,
SQA and development will not work together effectively.
21University of Sunderland
CIFM03 Lecture 1
Quality Assessment
Three types of audit of a quality management system……
• First – self assessment.• Second – assessment by the customer.• Third – by an external, independent
organisation, generally to a national or international standard.