university of michigan

University of Michigan - Flint1

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY TRAINING

Presented by:

UM-Flint Environment,Health and Safety Department


Training Outline What is a confined space? General overview

of UM-Flint’s CSE program Evaluation/Control of Atmospheric Hazards Elimination/Control of Other Hazards Entry Procedures

» (General, Hazardous & Hot Work entry permits) Evacuation & Rescue Discussion of CS Scenarios & related equip. Working w/ Contractors Video “Life & Death Series CSE”


Training Goal Refresh and update employees knowledge of

CSE procedures Discuss roles/responsibilities Familiarize new employees with the UMF

confined spaces, associated hazards and entry procedures.

Provide employees with guidelines to:» Identify confined spaces» Evaluate confined spaces» Enter confined spaces in accordance with MIOSHA

regulations and UM guidelines.

Discuss concerns or non-routine entries.


Confined Space Entry Program

Prevent Unauthorized Entry Identify Permit Space Hazards Develop & Follow Safe Entry Procedures

(use entry permit as guide) Conclude Entry (close out permit) Coordinate Entry Operations between

University departments as well as with non-University agencies i.e. FFD, MPC

Program Evaluation & Review/Revise


Section 1: What is a Confined Space?

A space that meets ALL THREE of the following criteria:1. Has limited means of entry or exit.2. Is large enough for a person to enter and

perform work.3. Is not designed for continuous human

occupancy. Employer must evaluate a space based on Employer must evaluate a space based on

the Definition…. NOT on whether or not the Definition…. NOT on whether or not you may enter the space you may enter the space (per MIOSHA)(per MIOSHA)


Types of Confined Spaces

Non-permit required Permit required

» General permit … c(5) or c(7) entry» Hazardous permit » Hot Work


Non-Permit Required

Meets confined space definition, and Has adequate ventilation, and Does not contain any hazards that can

cause death or harm, and There is absolutely no potential for a

hazardous atmosphere.


Permit Required Meets confined space definition and

» limited means of entry or exit.» large enough for a person to enter and work.» Is not designed for continuous occupancy.

Has inadequate ventilation, or Has a hazardous health or safety condition, or

» (i.e. engulfment; internal configuration that could trap/asphyxiate; converging wall, sloped/taper floor; entrapment; exposed electrical/mechanical parts, etc.)

Has a known or potential hazardous atmosphere.


Confined Space Evaluation

Is it a confined space? Is it a permit required confined space? What hazards are present? Source? Can hazards be eliminated? Controlled? What type of permit is required? What procedures/equipment will be used to

protect the entrants? Use UM-f Space Evaluation form…


UM Evaluation Form

cseval2.doc 4/10/96

CONFINED SPACE EVALUATION FORM

SPACE LOCATION: ___________________________________________________________SPACE DESCRIPTION: ________________________________________________________

Complete this form for any space which may be considered a confined space.A confined space is defined as having those characteristics listed in #1 through #3 below.

YES NO 1. Is the space large enough and shaped so employee can enter and work?

YES NO 2. Does the space have a limited or restricted means for entry or exit?

YES NO 3. Is the space is NOT designed for continuous employee occupancy?

If questions #1 through #3 above are "YES", then the space is a confined space.Continue to questions A through E below to determine if and what type of permit is required to enter.

YES NO A. Does the space contain, or have a known potential to contain, a hazardous atmosphere(for example, flammable vapors, toxic gases or dusts, etc.), or pipes, ducts, vents or otherentry points for potentially hazardous substances, or will volatile chemicals be used, or willpainting or other work that could create a breathing hazard be done?Specify potential or known hazards: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

YES NO B. Does the space contain a material with the potential for engulfment of a worker (forexample, grain, sand or water)?Specify potential or known hazards: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

YES NO C. Does the space have an internal shape such that a worker could be trapped or suffocatedby inwardly converging walls, floor or ceiling?Specify potential or known hazards: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

YES NO D. Does the space contain other recognized safety or health hazards, such as: (check all that apply)

___ mechanical hazards;___ exposed or vulnerable electrical wires or energized equipment;___ restrictive entrance or exit for entrants with their work equipment;___ special hazards related to elevation or falling; or___ possible impediments to rescue efforts?Specify potential or known hazards: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

YES NO E. Will welding, cutting, torch work, or other hot work be done?Specify potential or known hazards: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

If you answered NO to all questions A through E, then the space is a Non-Permit Require Confined Space.If you answered Yes to question A, then a Hazardous Entry Permit with on-site rescue is required.*If you answered Yes to question B, then a General Entry Permit with retrieval system is required.If you answered Yes to question C or D, then a General Entry Permit is required.If you answered Yes to question E, then a Hot Work Entry Permit is required.*A General Entry Permit with off-site rescue may be used, if the space is continuously ventilated and monitored.

Name: ___________________________ Signature: __________________________________Department: __________________________________________________________________Please return this form to OSEH, CSSB, 1239 Kipke, Box 1010. Refer questions to OSEH at 747-1142.


Types of Permits

General Entry Permit Hazardous Entry Permit Hot Work Entry Permit


Confined Space Entry Permit


Confined Space?


What Type of Permit?


Confined Space?


Campus Utility Tunnels UMF utility tunnels are not considered

confined spaces because:» Ventilated and lighted» Designed for human occupancy» Not generally hazardous

However, caution must be taken when performing work in tunnels» Buddy system, radio communications/notifications,

other regulations do apply… could be upgraded. AA-OSEH is developing a new Tunnel Safety

Program… many of AA’s tunnels are CS.


Section 2: Atmospheric Hazards

How Chemicals Enter Body Acute and Chronic Effects Exposure Limits Identifying Atmospheric Hazards UEL/LEL Vapor Density


Routes of Entry

Skin Absorption Inhalation Ingestion Injection


Health Effects

Acute » immediate or short term effect

Chronic » delayed or long term effect


Warning Signs

Dizziness/Disorientation Weakness in knees/abnormal breathing Blurred vision/profuse sweating Chest pains/headaches Loss of coordination/ringing in ears Skin irritation/irregular heartbeat Lethargy or excitedness


What is an Atmospheric Hazard?

Oxygen >23.5% or <19.5% Flammables at >10% LEL Above OSHA/MIOSHA PEL IDLH Combustible Dusts Unknown chemical spill


Sources of Hazardous Atmospheres

Spaces with known hazardous chemicals/substances

Spaces that lack ventilation Spaces that have the potential to

transfer a hazardous atmosphere Spaces with a work induced hazardous

atmosphere


Permissible Exposure Limits

OSHA 8 Hour TWA STEL Ceiling Limit Contact EHS for monitoring of

contaminants not monitored for by standard meters


Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere

<19.5% Sources: work induced, rusting, gases

that displace oxygen Simple Asphyxiants: Displace oxygen

(carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon) Chemical Asphyxiant: Prevent body

from using oxygen (carbon monoxide)


Oxygen Enriched Atmosphere

23.0% or Greater Sources: Welding, or oxygen gas lines Increase fire and explosion hazard Never use oxygen to ventilate space


Vapors and Gases

Vapor: Gaseous state of material normally found as liquid or solid at normal temperature and pressure

Gas: Material that is found as a formless fluid at normal temperature and pressure


LEL/LFL and UEL/UFL

LEL: Lowest concentration can ignite UEL: Highest Concentration can ignite Example: Gasoline LEL 1%, UEL 8% In between is explosive Consideration: Atmosphere above the

UEL, when ventilated may create an explosive atmosphere


LEL Safety Factor

OSHA: 10% of LEL or Greater Example: LEL for Methane is 5% Meter alarm at 10% of 5% (i.e., 0.5%) If exceeded (meter alarms), leave the

space and Contact supervisor and EHS.


Combustible Dusts

Metal Powders - Aluminum, Magnesium, Zinc

Wood Products - Dust, Paper Rubber/Plastic/Spices/Food Products Rule of Thumb - Obscure Vision 5 Feet

or Less –high potential for combustion given the right conditions.


Toxic or Poisonous Atmospheres

Most Common:» Carbon Monoxide (CO)

» Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

» Methane (CH4)

» Carbon Dioxide (CO2)


Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Colorless, odorless & tasteless Product incomplete combustion Causes chemical asphyxiation Slightly lighter than air MIOSHA PEL 35 PPM, OSHA PEL 50

PPM


Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

Rotten egg odor Petroleum/Organic matter decay Found in sewers or petroleum holding

tanks <10 PPM


Methane (CH4)

Colorless, odorless & flammable Petroleum/Organic matter decay Lighter than air Meter alarms – 10% of LEL


Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Colorless, odorless & tasteless Byproduct of respiration and complete

combustion Heavier than air


Other Atmospheric Hazards

Materials in the space Work induced hazards (e.g., welding,

painting, solvents) Review history of space Contact EHS if other contaminants are

suspected


Vapor Density

Heavier than Air: Sinks Lighter than Air: Rises Air Vapor density = 1 <1 Lighter, >1 Heavier Most contaminants are heavier than air The few that are lighter, are usually

flammable and very toxic


Section 3: Evaluation & Control of Atmospheric

Hazards

Air Monitoring Equipment and Procedures

Ventilating, Flushing or Purging PPE – only after engineer controls


Air Monitoring

Contaminants may not be detected by sight or smell

Two Types of Direct Reading: » Electronic – Bacharach 4-gas monitor» Detector Tubes – Drager pump

Always monitor for oxygen, LEL and expected toxics (CO, H2S)


BACHARACH Sentinel 44

UM-F’s Four Gas Monitor - Sentinel 44 % Oxygen, % LEL, Carbon Monoxide

(PPM), H2S (PPM) Alarms:

» O2 - <19.5% or > 23.0%,

» LEL - > 10%, » CO - >35 ppm» H2S - >10 ppm


Air Monitoring Precautions

Alarm Goes Off – leave the space, contact EHS and supervisor

Other contaminants known or suspected, contact EHS for monitoring assistance


Air Monitoring Procedure Ensure monitor has been calibrated Turn monitor on and let warm up Verify monitor is functioning properly Zero sensors in clean ambient air-

outside the CS Keep sensor heads exposed Test space before opening the hatch Monitor for oxygen first…


Air Monitoring - Testing Order


Air Monitoring (continued)

Monitor every four feet Monitor vertically & horizontally Record results on permit Before work, periodically during work,

and after breaks Continuously monitor – confidence tone

or ”beep”


Air Monitoring Limitations

Sensors must be calibrated and replaced periodically – Contact EHS

LEL sensor needs oxygen to work LEL sensor is calibrated for one gas -Methane Sensors can take up to 2 minutes to

accurately display concentrations Some gases and RF emissions interfere with

sensor accuracy


Flushing/Purging of Space

Lock Out/Tag Out Feeds Can use air, steam, water, etc. Removes chemical or decomposition

hazards Drain or pump out Ventilate with fresh air when complete


Ventilation

Natural Mechanical (General or Local)

» portable/intrinsically safe Air monitoring determines adequate

ventilation


General Ventilating Technique

Perform air monitoring Extend duct into space Open all access points Keep duct as short/straight as possible Ensure intake is at clean air source Ventilate 15 minutes prior to entry Continue air monitoring


Local Exhaust Ventilation

Work induced contaminants Space has acceptable atmosphere prior

to work Place duct opening at point of

generation (air is pulled out of space)


Ventilating Safety Measures

Ventilate with fresh air Never use pure oxygen Use explosion proof equipment if needed Make sure exhaust air is not re-entrained Make sure supply air is reaching all areas

of the space Use air monitoring to determine adequate

ventilation Don't block exit with equipment


Section 4: Recognition & Control of Other Hazards

Engulfment, Entrapment, Configuration

Other Hazards and their Control


Engulfment

Liquid or Solid Suffocation or Drowning

CONTROL Elimination or Isolation of hazard On-site remote retrieval rescue

equipment such as the Miller tripod w/ harness and or wristlet/anklets)


Engulfment Hazard!


Entrapment/Configuration

Inwardly converging walls Floor which slopes downward and

tapers to a small cross section Obstacles, blockages or small internal

openingsCONTROL On-site remote retrieval rescue

equipment such as the Miller tripod w/ harness and or wristlet/anklets)


Entrapment/Configuration Hazard


Electrical & Mechanical Hazards

Use Lock-out/Tag-out Procedures prior to entry

Isolate moving parts Assure equipment grounding / GFCI’s


Chemical Hazards

Toxics, Flammables, Irritants, Sensitizers, etc.

CONTROL: Read MSDSs Understand Physical/Health hazards Remove/ Isolate the source, ventilation Wear appropriate PPE


PPE

Gloves Glasses/goggles/face shields Coveralls or Tyvek suits Safety Shoes Hard hats Respirators


Gloves

Select based on hazard Latex - general protection Nitrile/neoprene - chemical resistant Kevlar - cut/puncture resistant


Respirators Air Purifying Half or full mask. Filters and cartridges are for specific

atmospheric hazards. Not for IDLH or oxygen deficient

atmospheres. SCBA for IDLH conditions and not permitted

for UMF employees’» Escape packs not used for re-entry

Respiratory Protection Program & Medical Monitoring is required.


Heat Stress & Cold Stress

HEAT Dehydration Heat Rash Heat Fatigue Heat Cramps Heat

Exhaustion Heat Stroke

COLD

Frost Bite

Hypothermia

CONTROLS: Mechanical Ventilation Fans, Heaters, Air

Conditioners


Noise

AL: 85 dBA PEL: 90 dBA Communication is difficult

CONTROLS: Remove or isolate the source Wear Hearing Protection Other means of communication


Slips, Trips & Falls

Good housekeeping practices Fall Protection Tie off ladders Hard hats & slip resistant soles Lower/raise equipment by rope. Don't

carry on ladders Barriers around openings


Power Tools and Lighting

Tools are grounded & insulated Insulating blankets when arc welding on

metal Equipment grounding/GFCI’s Provide adequate lighting. Grounding &

spark hazards of portable lighting Tools & lighting should be explosion

proof when necessary


Section 5: Entry Procedures

Employee roles Proper procedures for general, hot work

& hazardous entry permits


Employee Roles

Attendant (spotter) Authorized Employee (entrant) Entry Supervisor Rescue Personnel

» DPS & Flint Fire, or» Contract CSE Rescue team i.e. MPC» IDLH conditions require On site rescue team

EHS – On-site for Hazardous entry


Entry Procedures Evaluate the space/ Identify hazards Pre-entry briefing Inform DPS Isolate/control hazards Perform air monitoring Complete, sign and post permit Monitor entrants Exit space and close out permit Debriefing Return completed/closed permit to EHS


Pre-Entry Briefing

Use the Evaluation Form and Permit to walk through the evaluation process

Discuss with supervisor to consider previous entries and history of the space

Review of conditions, controls, procedures & contingencies

Determine whether or not on-site rescue team is required… contact EHS.


Pre-Entry Checklist (just before entry)

Inform DPS & EHS Atmospheric monitoring Inspect and test equipment prior to use Communication procedures Rescue/emergency procedures Review space use history Verify training Supervisor verify safe entry conditions, etc. Sign & post permit


Non-Permit Required Confined Space

Meets definition of confined space, but no health or safety hazard

Two employees (buddy system) Means of communication Can be re-classified to a permit required

space for work induced hazards… i.e. use of chemicals/solvents, welding, etc.

Examples: ceiling spaces,


General Permit Required Confined Space

Meets definition of a confined space and has a potential or known health or safety hazard

Atmospheric hazard eliminated by ventilation

Two Authorized Employees (One Designated as Entry Supervisor)


General Entry Permits

Pre-entry Briefing Communication Continuous Air Monitoring/Ventilation Trained (Authorized) Employees Elimination of hazards PPE Off-site Rescue


Hot Work Entry Permit

Welding, burning, cutting or torch work Provisions same as in general permit If contaminants cannot be controlled by

ventilation & air monitoring: Retrieval System and On-site Rescue must be used


Hazardous Entry Permit

Cannot eliminate atmospheric hazard Provisions of General Permit Plus:

» EHS Representative On Site, » On-site Rescue and Retrieval System

Mandatory


Section 6: Evacuation & Rescue

When to Evacuate the Space Rescue Procedures


When should the Confined Space be evacuated?

Hazardous atmosphere» Alarm on monitor» Overexposure symptoms of entrants

Unanticipated health or safety hazard Damage to PPE or failure of controls Attendant cannot perform duties Permit expires


Rescue

If Entrant Becomes Incapacitated Three Types:

» Remote (retrieval system)» Off-site (Contact DPS 911 & FFD) » On-site (MPC/ Contract on-site rescue team

& DPS) Under No Circumstances is

Attendant/Spotter to enter the space


Spotter, Retrieval System, & On-site Rescue Team

(MPC)

First call DPS on the radio. If injured due to causes not related to

environment/atmosphere-Wait for Fire Dept.

If injured due to environment or atmosphere, then use remote/on-site rescue, if possible.


Spotter, Retrieval System & Off-Site Rescue

Personnel

Contact DPS on radio If injury due to causes not related to the

environment/atmosphere-Wait for Fire Dept.

If injured due to environment or atmosphere - use retrieval equipment

If retrieval fails - Wait for Fire Dept. If unsure - Wait for Fire Dept.


Spotter & Off-Site Rescue

Contact DPS on by radio Wait for Fire Dept.


Section 7: Miscellaneous

Contractors UMF Confined Space related

documents Future drills and exercises


Outside Contractors Inform the contractor of confined spaces Identify spaces they may be entering, and

respective hazards Must have own Confined Space Entry

Program and employee training current. Coordinate with other workers. Each group

entering space issues a separate permit. Work activities cannot conflict.

EHS is available to review contractor’s program.


Review UMF CSE Documents

Evaluation form Entry Permit Contractor Notification Revised List of UMF Confined Spaces UMF/UMAA Confined Space program MI Part 90 Confined Space Entry

Regulations

university of michigan - flint 1 confined space entry training presented by: um-flint...

Documents

confined space entry

confined space entry

hazardous entry permit

permit space hazards

general entry permit

confined space evaluation

confined space definition