university of illinois at urbana-champaign fall oats an alternate forage option dr. mike hutjens...
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University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Fall Oats an Alternate Forage Option
• Dr. Mike HutjensDairy Extension Specialist
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Jim BaltzInstructional Design Specialist
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Learn Objective• The growing and feeding of a fall cereal grain
can be a viable forage resource
• With drought concerns in 2012,. fall oats can be an emergeny forage crop of dairy cattle.
• Guideline on growing and harvesting oat silage will be presented.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
We still have time,but make the yourdecision now!
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Fall Oat Forage Selection• Maturity rating is important
– Early-season– Mid-season– Late-season
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
When to Plant Fall Oats?• Mid to Late July
– Use forage-type cultivar (such as ForagePlus Oats)
• Late Planting: Beyond 1st week of August– Consider using earlier-maturing, grain-type
cultivars
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Key Factor To Consider• Be aware of the potential for
herbicide carryover
• Availability of oat seed
• Rain and soil moisture status
• Early freeze vs. an adequate growing period
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Average Illinois Precipitation in Inches
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
1.97 1.99
3.22
3.83
4.31 4.12 3.943.69
3.242.87
3.34
2.73
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Illinois WeatherMedian Date of 28°F FreezeBased on 1981-2010 Averages
Oct 1 to 10
Oct 11 to 20
Oct 21 to 31
Nov 1 to 10
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Late Planted Oats: 12 August
Fall-Grown Oat Forages: Cultivars, Planting Dates, and Expected Yields by Wayne Coblentz and Mike Bertram, University of Wisconsin Forage Team
Yields of DM for four oat cultivars planted on about 12 August; data represent 2-year
means from a study conducted at Prairie du Sac, WI
(Coblentz and Walgenbach,
2010).
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Yields of four oat cultivars planted on July 15 and August 1
Fall-Grown Oat Forages: Cultivars, Planting Dates, and Expected Yields by Wayne Coblentz and Mike Bertram, University of Wisconsin Forage Team
Data represent 3-year means from a study conducted at Marshfield, WI (Coblentz et al., 2011). Dane, Ogle, and Vista are grain-type cultivars that have early, mid, and late maturity ratings, respectively. ForagePlus is a forage-type cultivar that matures more slowly than Vista.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Oats vs Wheat
Yield comparisons of (2) winter wheat and (4) oat
cultivars across three harvest dates during 2006-2007 at Prairie du Sac, WI
(Coblentz and Walgenbach, 2010).
Cultivars were established on 11 August 2006 and 13
August 2007.
Fall-Grown Oat Forages: Cultivars, Planting Dates, and Expected Yields by Wayne Coblentz and Mike Bertram, University of Wisconsin Forage Team
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Standing DM ConcentrationsStanding DM concentrations
for fall-grown oat forages harvested on 5 dates throughout the fall at
Marshfield, WI (Coblentz et al., 2011). All forages were planted on August 1, and means represent 3-year
averages. The red horizontal line (▬▬) represents the minimum concentration of DM for satisfactory silage
fermentation (30%).
Fall-Grown Oat Forages: Cultivars, Planting Dates, and Expected Yields by Wayne Coblentz and Mike Bertram, University of Wisconsin Forage Team
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Concentrations of NDF from oat forages planted on August 1 and harvested on five dates throughout the fall at Marshfield, WI (Coblentz et al., 2012).
Fall-Grown Oat Forages: Unique Quality Characteristics by Wayne Coblentz and Mike Bertram, University of Wisconsin Forage Team
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Fiber composition of selected cereal-grain forages (NRC, 2001)
Forage NDF ADF Lignin Lignin(Headed) ------------- % of DM ------------- %
of NDF
Oat silage 60.6 38.9 5.5 9.1
Barley silage 56.3 34.5 5.6 9.9
Triticale silage 59.7 39.6 5.8 9.7
Wheat silage 59.9 37.6 5.8 9.7
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Nutrient Comparison (NRC, 2001)
%DM %CP %ADF %TDN
Corn Silage 35 8.828.168.8
Oatlage 35 12.938.956.8
Haylage 39 20.037.056.6
Oat Hay 92 9.136.455.9
Hay 88 20.231.258.9
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home Messages• Seed 3 bushels per acre in a “good” seed bed
• Plant a grain type, early season oat in mid August
• Harvest in the boot stage
• 2 to 3 tons of dry matter per acre with high levels of sugar possible
• Wilting of the silage may be needed (>30% DM)
• Add an inoculant to improve fermentation
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Check out our online dairy courses at http://online.ansci.illinois.edu/and Illini DairyNET at http://www.livestocktrail.illinois.edu/dairynet/
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Dr. Mike HutjensDairy Extension Specialist Jim Baltz
Instructional Design Specialist