UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES,BAGALKOT-587 103

COURSES AND SYLLABUSFOR

B.Sc. (Hort.) DEGREE PROGRAMME

2014

University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot

B.Sc. (Hort.) Graduate Courses & Syllabus

Year of publication : January 2014

No. of copies : 3000

Pages : 45 + v

Compiled and Updated by : Dr. B. RajuDirector of Education, UHS, Bagalkot

: Dr. M. B. MadalageriRegistrar, UHS, Bagalkot

Dr. K. N. Kattimani

Dean, COH, Munirabad (Koppal)

Dr. N. Basavaraj

Dean, COH, Sirsi

Dr. C. P. MansurDean, COH, Bagalkot

Dr. V. Nache GowdaDean, COH, Kolar

Dr. M. S. KulkarniDean, KRCCH, Arabhavi

Dr. K. M. IndireshDean, COH, Mysore

Dr. C. N. HanchinamaniDean, COH, Bidar

Mr. R. Y. KambleAssistant Registrar, UHS, Bagalkot

Edited by : Dr. A.B. Patil

Director of Extension, UHS, Bagalkot

Published by : Dr. S. B. DandinVice- Chancellor, UHS, Bagalkot

cover page & page layout : Mr. Rudra Naik, Directorate of Extension,UHS, Bagalkot

Printers : Impressions, Belgaum

University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot C

Sl. No. Title of Courses Credit PageI HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES Hours

a) FRUIT SCIENCEHRT 101 Fundamentals of Horticulture 3 (2+1) 01FSC 201 Tropical and Sub- Tropical Fruits 3 (2+1) 01FSC 202 Temperate, Arid and Minor Fruits 2 (1+1) 02FSC 301 Breeding of Fruit Crops 2 (1+1) 03HRT 201 Plant Propagation & Nursery Management 2 (1+1) 03

12 (7+5)b) VEGETABLE SCIENCE

VSC 101 Tropical and Subtropical Vegetables 3 (2+1) 04VSC 201 Temperate Vegetables and Tuber Crops 3 (2+1) 05VSC 301 Breeding and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops 3 (2+1) 06HRT 301 Experimental Techniques in Horticulture 1 (0+1) 06

10 (6+4)c ) FLORICULTURE & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

FLA 101 Ornamental Horticulture 3 (2+1) 07FLA 201 Principles of Landscape Architecture 1 (0+1) 08FLA 202 Commercial Floriculture 3 (2+1) 08FLA 301 Breeding and Seed Production of 2 (1+1) 08

Ornamental CropsFLA 302 Protected Cultivation 1 (0+1) 09

10 (5+5)d) PLANTATION, SPICES, MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC CROPS

PMA 101 Plantation and Beverage Crops 3 (2+1) 09PMA 201 Spices and Condiments 2 (1+1) 10PMA 202 Medicinal Crops 3 (2+1) 11PMA 301 Breeding of Spices and Plantation Crops 2 (1+1) 12PMA 302 Aromatic Crops 3 (2+1) 12

13 (8+5)e) CROP IMPROVEMENT & BIOTECHNOLOGY

CIB 101 Introduction to Plant Biotechnology 2 (1+1) 13CIB 102 Principles of Genetics & Cytogenetics 3 (2+1) 14CIB 201 Principles & Methods of Plant Breeding 3 (2+1) 15CIB 301 Principles of Seed Production in 2 (1+1) 16

Horticulture Crops10 (6+4)

f) HORTICULTURE CROP PROTECTIONHET 101 Fundamentals of Entomology 2 (1+1) 17HPP 101 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 2 (1+1) 17HET 201 Principles of Pest Management and Bee 2 (1+1) 18

Keeping

CONTENTS

HPP 201 Diseases of Fruits, Plantation & Spice Crops 3 (2+1) 19HET 301 Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal & 3 (2+1) 20

Aromatic CropsHET 302 Pests of Vegetables, Ornamental & Spice Crops 2 (1+1) 20HPP 301 Diseases of Vegetables, Ornamental, Medicinal 3 (2+1) 21

& Aromatic Crops17 (10+7)

g) POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGYPHT 101 Principles of Food Technology & Nutrition 1 (1+0) 22PHT 201 Post Harvest Management of Horticulture 3 (2+1) 22

ProducePHT 301 Processing of Horticulture Produce 3 (2+1) 23

7 (5+2)II NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

a) SOIL SCIENCE & AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRYSAC 101 Fundamentals of Soil Science 2 (1+1) 24SAC 201 Soil & Plant Analysis 2 (1+1) 25SAC 301 Soil Fertility & Nutrient Management 2 (1+1) 26

6 (3+3)b) AGRONOMY

AGR 101 Major Field Crops 2 (1+1) 26AGR 201 Agricultural Meteorology & Water Management 3 (2+1) 27AGR 202 Organic Farming of Horticulture Crops 2 (1+1) 28

7 (4+3)c) AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

AEG 201 Surveying Soil & Water Conservation Techniques 1 (0+1) 28AEG 202 Farm Power, Machinery & Processing Equipments 2 (1+1) 29

3 (1+2)d) FORESTRY

FOR 101 Introduction to Agroforestry 2 (1+1) 292 (1+1)

e) ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESENS 101 Environmental Science 2 (1+1) 30

2 (1+1)f) AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

AMB 201 Soil and Applied Microbiology 3 (2+1) 313 (2+1)

III) ALLIED SCIENCESa) CROP PHYSIOLOGY

CPH 101 Introductory Crop Physiology 2 (1+1) 32CPH 201 Growth & development of Horticultural Crops 2 (1+1) 34

4 (2+2)

Sl. No. Title of Courses Credit Page

b) AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION EDUCATIONAEX 101 Fundamentals of Rural Sociology & 1 (0+1) 34

Constitution of IndiaAEX 201 Fundamentals of Extension Education & 2 (1+1) 35

Rural DevelopmentAEX 301 Communication and Transfer of Technology 2 (1+1) 36

5 (2+3)c) AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

AEC 101 Principles of Agricultural Economics 2 (1+1) 37AEC 301 Horti-Business Management 2 (1+1) 38

4 (2+2)IV AGRICULTURE STATISTICSAST 201 Agricultural Statistics 2 (1+1) 39

2 (1+1)V BASIC SCIENCEBCH 101 Plant Biochemistry 2 (1+1) 40CSC 101 Fundamentals of Computer Science 1 (0+1) 41ENG 101 Comprehension and Communicative 1 (0+1) 42

Skills in English-IENG 102 Comprehension and Communicative 1 (0+1) 42

Skills in English-II5 (1+4)

VI NON- LOAD COURSESPED 101 Physical & Health Education I 1 (0+1) 43PED 102 Physical & Health Education II 1 (0+1) 43NSS 201 National Service Scheme I 1 (0+1) 43NSS 202 National Service Scheme II 1 (0+1) 44HST 301 State Study Tour 1 (0+1)HST 401 All India Study Tour 1 (0+1)

6 (0+6)VII INTERSHIP PROGRAMMERHWE401Rural Horticultural Work Experience 20 (0+20) 44HEL 401 Experiential Learning in Horticulture 20 (0+20) 50

40 (0+40)

Sl. No. Title of Courses Credit Page

UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, BAGALKOT

Department wise Courses and Syllabus

I. HORTICULTURE SCIENCES

a) FRUIT SCIENCE

HRT 101 FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE 3 (2+1)Introduction, meaning of Horticulture, History andDevelopment of Horticulture. Economic importance andclassification of horticultural crops and their nutritive value, areaand production, exports and imports, agroclimatic zones of Indiaand the state, nursery management practices, soil and climate,orchards, gardens, nutrition and kitchen garden and other types ofgardens - principles, planning and layout, management of orchards,planting systems and planting densities. Principles and methods ofpruning and training of fruit crops, types and use of growth regulatorsin horticulture, water management, weed management and nutrientmanagement, mulching, bearing habits, factors influencing fruitfulnessand unfruitfulness. Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working,principles of organic farming.Practical : Orchard, tools and implements. Features of orchard,planning and training and purning, layout of nutrition garden,preparation of nursery beds, digging of pits, planting systems, soiland weed management practices and manuring, layout of differentirrigation systems. preparation of fertilizer mixtures and fieldapplication, preparation and application of growth regulators,identification and management of nutritional disorder in fruits andvegetables, study of bearing habits, maturity standards, harvesting,grading, packaging and storage.FSC 201 TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL FRUITS 3 (2+1)Horticultural classification of fruits including genomeclassification. Horticultural zones of India, detailed study of area,production and export potential, varieties, climate and soilrequirements, propagation techniques, planting density and systems,01

after care, training and pruning. Management of water, nutrient andweeds, special horticultural techniques including use of plant growthregulators. Physiological disorders. Post-harvest technology, harvestindices, harvesting methods, grading, packaging and storage of thefollowing crops. Mango, banana, grapes, citrus, papaya, sapota, guava,pineapple, jackfruit, avocado, mangosteen, litchi, carambola, durian,passion fruit, rambutan, bilimbi, loquat, rose apple and breadfruit.Bearing in mango and citrus, causes and control measures of specialproduction problems, alternate and irregular bearing, causes andcontrol measures. Seediness in banana, citrus decline causal factorsand their management. Bud forecasting in grapes, sex expressionand seed production in papaya, latex extraction and crude papainproduction, economics of production. Practical:Description and identification of varieties based on flowerand fruit morphology in fruit crops. Training and pruning of grapes,mango, guava and citrus. Selection of site and planting system, pre-treatment of banana suckers, tissue culture plants, sucker regulationin banana, sex forms in papaya. Use of plastics in fruit production.Manure and fertilizer application including bio-fertilizer in fruitcrops, preparation and application of growth regulators in banana,grapes and mango. Seed production in papaya, latex extraction andpreparation of crude papain, maturity standards, harvesting, grading,ripening and packing. Ripening of fruits, grading and packaging,production economics for tropical and sub-tropical fruits. Visit tocommercial orchards and diagnosis of maladies /disorders.FSC 202 TEMPERATE, ARID AND MINOR FRUITS 2 (1+1)Classification of temperate fruits and nuts - detailed study ofarea, production, varieties, climate and soil requirements,propagation, planting density, cropping systems, after care, trainingand pruning, self incompatibility and pollinizers, use of growthregulators, nutrient and weed management, harvesting, post harvesthandling of apple, pear, peach, plum, apricot, cherry, persimmon,strawberry, almond, walnut and kiwi fruit. Rainfed horticulture,importance and scope of arid and semi-arid zones of India.

02

Characters and special adaptation of crops in ber, aonla, annona,jamun, bael, woodapple, pomegranate, karonda, fig, datepalm, phalsaand tamarind.PracticalNursery management practices - Botany, description andidentification of varieties of above crops, manuring and fertilization,planting systems, preparation and use of growth regulators, trainingand pruning in apple, pear, plum, peach and nut crops. Visit to privateorchards to diagnose maladies. Production technology of crops; ber,aonla, annona, jamun, bael, woodapple, pomegranate, karonda, fig,datepalm, phalsa and tamarind.FSC 301 BREEDING OF FRUIT CROPS 2 (1+1)Importance of breeding of fruit crops, problems in fruit trees.Origin, centres of diversity and distribution of fruit species. History,hybridization and developments in fruit crops. Introduction,selection, identification and selection of mutants, bud sprouts,chimeras and their perpetuation by vegetative propagation.Variability for economic traits, breeding strategies. Collection andmaintenance of germplasm of varieties and related species. Breedingbehaviour of fruit crops. Floral biology, pollination, incompatibilityin mango, banana, citrus, papaya, pineapple, sapota, grapes, guava,pomegranate, apple, nuts etc. Prospects of genetic engineering andbiotechnology in improvement of fruit crops.Practical : Description and classification of related species andvarieties of fruit crops. Study of floral structures, biology andeconomic produce of crops. Selfing and crossing techniques, use ofmutagens, handling of breeding population, preparation of plantdescriptors for important fruit crops. Visit to research centers andcommercial orchard.HRT 201 PLANT PROPAGATION AND NURSERY 2 (1+1)

MANAGEMENTHistory, importance and scope of propagation ofhorticultural nursery andmanagement. Selection of nursery area.03

Propagation by sexual and asexual methods,advantages anddisadvantages. Principles of seed production, viability. Dormancy -internal and external factors. Raising of rootstocks by seed and clonalmultiplication. Propagation structures- mist chamber, humidifiers,green house/ glass house/ poly house and shade house, cold frames,hot beds, media and sterilization of media. Asexual propagationchimera. Propagation by cuttings, layering, grafting, budding.Propagation by specialized structures. Micro-propagationadvantages and disadvantagesPracticalTools implements and containers used for propagation andnursery techniques. Study of propagation structures. Seedpropagation- preparation of portable trays, seed treatments, sowingand seedling production. Nursery containers, media, potting,depotting and repotting of plants, hardening of plants in nursery, shaderegulation in nursery, plant protection in nursery plants. Packingnursery plants for local and long distance markets.Methods of propagation by cuttage and layerage. Criteria forselection of mother trees, precuring of scion, separation of scion.Methods of propagation by grafting and budding. Propagationthrough specialized structures. Use of growth regulators in plantpropagation. Project preparation for commercial nurseries. Visit tocommercial nurseries and tissue culture laboratoryb) VEGETABLE SCIENCE

VSC 101 TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL 3 (2+1) VEGETABLESImportance, scope and classification of vegetable crops. Area,production, origin, economic importance and export potentials,varieties/hybrids, climate and soil requirement, seed rate, modernnursery practices, field preparation, transplanting/sowing, spacing,water, weed, nutrient management (organic and inorganic), use ofchemicals and growth regulators, physiological disorders, croppingsystems, maturity standards, harvesting, yield, economics of04

cultivation, post-harvest handling, storage and marketing of tomato,brinjal, capsicum, chilli, okra, cluster bean, cow pea, dolichos bean,french bean, cucumber, melons, gourds and squashes, drumstick,curry leaf, basella, amaranthus, methi, dill, sweet potato and sweetcorn, protected cultivation of capsicum, tomato and cucumber.PracticalBotany, identification and description of varieties/hybridsof tropical and subtropical vegetables crops, nursery practices,transplanting, field preparation, sowing/planting, use of herbicides,top dressing of fertilizers, interculture, use of growth regulators,identification of nutrient deficiencies and physiological disorders,pests and diseases and their management, harvest indices andmaturity standards, working out cost of cultivation and projectpreparation for commercial cultivation.VSC 201 TEMPERATE VEGETABLES AND 3 (2+1)

TUBER CROPSImportance, area, production, origin, export potentials,varieties/hybrids, climate and soil requirements, seed rate,nursery practices, field preparation, transplanting/sowing,spacing, water, weed and nutrient management (organic andinorganic), use of chemicals and growth regulators, physiologicaldisorders, cropping systems, maturity standards, harvesting, yield,economics of cultivation, post-harvest handling, storage andmarketing of cabbage, cauliflower, knol-khol, sprouting brocolli,brussels sprout, lettuce, palak, chinese cabbage, spinach, onion, garlic,leek, radish, carrot, turnip, beet root, peas, broad bean, rhubarb,asparagus, globe artichoke, potato, tapioca, amorphophallus,colocassia, diascoria, horse radish, arrow root, jerusalem artichoke,xanthosoma and celery.PracticalBotany, identification and description of varieties/hybridsof temperate vegetable crops, modern nursery practices,transplanting, field preparation, sowing/planting, use of herbicides,05

top dressing of fertilizers, interculture, use of growth regulators,identification of nutrient deficiencies and physiological disorders,pests and diseases and their managements, harvest indices andmaturity standards, working out cost of cultivation and projectpreparation for commercial cultivation.VSC 301 BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF 3 (2+1)

VEGETABLE CROPSHistory and scope of breeding vegetable crops, methods ofreproduction and breeding systems in vegetable crops. Geneticresources, genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters,objectives of breeding, methods of breeding, achievements,maintenance breeding, breeders, foundation and certified seedproduction, field (isolation distance and rouging) and seed standardsfor seed production of potato, tomato, chilli, sweet pepper, brinjal,peas, bhendi, dolichos bean, French bean, cow pea, cucumber, muskmelon, water melon, bitter gourd, onion, ridge gourd, pumpkin,squashes, cabbage, cauliflower, amaranthus, radish and carrot.PracticalStudy of floral biology and pollination mechanisms invegetable crops, selfing and crossing techniques in vegetable crops,cataloguing of released varieties and hybrids and preparation of plantdescriptors for important vegetable crops, preparation and use ofchemical and physical mutagens, heterosis breeding and techniquesof F1 hybrid seed production, study of seed structure, colour, size,shape and texture, field inspection of seed crops, practices in rouging,seed harvesting and seed extraction and germination and purityanalysis. Visit to R & D units of MNCs involved in vegetable breedingand seed production. HRT 301 EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 1 (0+1)

IN HORITUCLUTREIntroduction, national and international research institutesand modern trends and concepts in horticultural research. Aims andobjectives of field experiments, sources of variation, uniformity trials06

and their interpretation. Experimental designs - basic principles,choice of designs, layout, size and shape of plots and arrangement ofblocks. Factors considered in fixing treatments. Planning and layoutof experiments. Recording of observations, sampling techniques,maintenance of experimental records, tabulations, analysis andinterpretation of results. Each student will plan and conduct a fieldexperiment and prepare a research report. Visit to horticultureresearch/stations.c) FLORICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

FLA 101 ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE 3 (2+1)Introduction, history, scope and industrial importance ofornamental horticulture in India. Gardens in India, types of gardens.Landscaping, basic principles and basic components. Adornments,lawn making, methods of designing rockery, water garden, etc. Specialtypes of gardens, their walk-paths, bridges, constructed features andgreenhouse. Trees, shrubs, herbaceous perennials their design valuesin landscaping, propagation and planting of climbers and creepers,palms, ferns, grasses and cacti and succulents. Flower arrangement,importance, production details and cultural operations, constraints,post-harvest practices of important flowers used in flowerarrangement. Bioaesthetic planning, definition, need, countryplanning, urban planning and planting avenues, schools, villages,beautifying railway stations, dam sites, hydroelectric stations,colonies, river banks, planting material for play grounds. Verticalgardens, roof gardens. Bonsai culture. Park, public and industrialgardens.Practical : Identification and description of annuals, herbaceousperennials, climbers, creepers, foliage and flowering shrubs, trees,palms, ferns, ornamental grasses; cacti and succulents. Planning anddesigning of gardens, layout, components of garden, functional usesof plants in the landscape. Planning and designing of house garden,roadside planting, avenues for new colonies, traffic islands,preparation of land for lawn and planting. Description and design ofgarden structures, layout of rockery, water garden, terrace garden,07

and Japanese gardens, recreational and children's corner. Layout ofterrarium, traffic islands, dish garden. Flower arrangement, bonsaipracticing and training. Visit to ornamental gardens.FLA 201 PRINCIPLES OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 1 (0+1)

Practical : History, importance and scope of landscape architecture,plant material for landscaping, symbols, tools and implements usedin landscape design, layout of formal gardens, informal gardens, specialtype of gardens (bog garden, sunken garden, terrace garden, rockgarden) and designing of conservatory and lath house. Landscapedesign for specific areas. Use of softwares in landscape architecture.FLA 202 COMMERCIAL FLORICULTURE 3 (2+1)Introduction, scope and importance of commercialfloriculture in India, production techniques in rose, jasmine,crossandra, chrysanthemum, tuberose, marigold, China aster,gaillardia, gerbera, carnation, anthurium, orchid, Bird of paradisefor domestic and export market, growing of flowers under protectedenvironments such as glass house, polyhouse, shadehouse, etc., postharvest technology of commercial cut flowers, dehydrationtechniques for drying of flowers, production techniques forbulbous ornamentals viz., gladiolus, lily, dahlia etc. Organiccultivation. Economics of cultivation.Practical: Identification of commercially important flower cropsand their varieties. Propagation practices in flower crops, sowing ofseeds and raising of seedlings of annuals. Propagation by cutting,layering, budding and grafting. Training and pruning. Use of chemicalsand other compounds for prolonging the vase life of cut flowers.Drying and preservation of flowers. Grading packing and marketingof flowers.FLA 301 BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION 2 (1+1)

OF ORNAMENTAL CROPSHistory of improvement of ornamental plants, objectivesand techniques in ornamental plant breeding. Introduction, selection,08

hybridization, mutation and biotechnological approaches forimprovement of ornamental plants. Breeding for disease resistance.Development of promising cultivars of important ornamentals. Roleof heterosis and its exploitation, production of F1 hybrids andutilization of male sterility, production of open pollinated seed inrose, marigold, chrysanthemum, jasmine, tuberose, gladiolus, orchid,China aster, etc. Harvesting, processing and storage of seeds, seedcertification.Practical : Study of floral biology and pollination in importantspecies and cultivars. Techniques of inducing polyploidy andmutation. Production of pure and hybrid seeds. Harvesting,conditioning and testing of seeds. Practice in seed productionmethods. IPR issues.FLA 302 PROTECTED CULTIVATION 1 (0+1)Introduction, importance, scope and limitations of protectedcultivation. Plant- environment relations and management. Types ofprotected structures, construction and management of greenhousesand other structures, protected cultivation of important flower cropslike rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, gerbera, anthurium, orchid,bird of paradise, heliconia etc.D) PLANTATION, SPICES, MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC CROPS

PMA 101 PLANTATION AND BEVERAGE CROPS 3 (2+1)History, development, scope and importance, area andproduction, export and import potentials of plantation and beveragecrops. Research Institutions working in plantation and beveragecrops. Role in national and state economy. Uses, industrial importance,byproducts utilization etc of plantation and beverage crops. Soil andclimate, Cultivars, Varieties, propagation - Seed, vegetative-and micropropagation, planting systems and method. Gap filling and underplanting of plantation and beverage crops. Systems of cultivation,production technology including nutrition management, mulching,shade regulation, weed and water management, training and pruningetc of plantation and beverage crops. Role of growth regulators, soil09

management-liming practices, tipping and tapping practices-topworking, Plant protection against major pests, diseases anddisorders, harvesting and yield, post harvest handling andprocessing, grading, packaging and marketing and economics offollowing crops.Plantation crops:Arecanut, Coconut, Oil palm, palmyra palm, rubber andcashew nut.Beverage crops: Coffee, tea and cocoaPractical : Description and identification of coconut varieties, hybrids,nursery and propagation methods. Planting of seednuts in nursery-Layout and planting of coconut, arecanut, oil palm. Manuring-irrigation-mulching-raising nursery for palm. Epicotyl-soft wood,grafting and top working in cashew. Working out the economics andproject preparation for coconut, rubber, arecanut, oilpalm andbeverage crops. Botany, training and pruning practices in beveragecrops. Visit to plantations.PMA 201 SPICES AND CONDIMENTS 2 (1+1)History, scope and importance-area and production-uses,export potential-role on national economy, Research Institutions onspices and condiments. Role of Spice Board and Pepper ExportPromotion Council, classification, soil and climatic requirement,propagation -seed, vegetative and micropropagation, planting-systems and methods-nutritional management, irrigation practices-weed control-mulching-cover cropping-training and pruningpractices-role of growth regulators-shade crops and shade regulation-harvesting. Post harvest technology and packaging, storage-valueadded products-methods of extraction of essential oil and oleoresins.Economics of cultivation. Management of important pests anddiseases.

10

Crops : Cardamom, pepper, ginger, turmeric, clove, nutmeg,cinnamon, Kokum, betelvine, allspice, curry leaf, garlic, coriander,fenugreek, fennel, cumin, ajowan, saffron, vanilla, tamarind andmustard.Practical:Identification of varieties, propagation-seed treatment,sowing-layout and planting-thinning, hoeing and earthing up-manuring and use of weedicides-training and pruning-fixing maturitystandards, harvesting, curing, processing, grading, extraction ofessential oils and oleoresins. Visit to commercial spice units.PMA 202 MEDICINAL CROPS 3 (2+1)Historical background, importance, wealth of medicinalplants in India and Karnataka and the future scope. Classification ofmedicinal plants.History, origin, distribution, importance, area, production,varieties, climatic and soil requirement, propagation and nurserytechniques, planting, production technology including organicfarming, training and pruning, weed and water management,plant protection, harvesting, processing, packaging, marketingand storage of different medicinal plants. Quality analysis ofstandard drugs, using chromatography. Medicinal crops: Aloevera,stevia, safed musli, kalmega, garden rue, Senna, Periwinkle,Belladonna, Foxglove, Poppy, Steroid-bearing Solanum sp., Medicinalyams (Dioscoria sp.), Isabgol, Sarpagandha, Glory lily, Ashwagandha,Medicinal Coleus, Neem, Liquorice, Sweet flag, Guggul, Long pepper,Costus and Cinchona.Practical:Identification and botanical description of differentmedicinal plants and species and their varieties, economic parts andtheir products. Nursery techniques, study of pests and diseases andtheir management in important medicinal crops. Study the conceptsand layout of herbal garden and sacred parks (Pavitra vana). Visit toherbal gardens and research stations.11

PMA 301 BREEDING OF SPICES AND PLANTATION 2 (1+1) CROPSHistory and importance of plantation and spice crops.Research Stations working on crop improvement of spices andplantation crops. Origin, introduction, distribution, domestication andadoption. Variability for economic traits breeding strategies - clonalselection, poly-clonal orchards, bud mutation - mutagenesis and itsapplication in crop improvement hybrids - haploid and ploidybreeding and In vitro techniques in the improvement of plantationand spice crops. Genetic resources, objectives of breeding,principles and methods of breeding and salient breedingachievements of plantation and Spice crops. IPR issues pertaining tospices and plantation crops.Plantation crops: Arecanut, Coconut, Oil palm, palmyra palm, rubber,cashew nut, betel vine, coffee, tea, cocoa and kokam.Spice Crops: Cardamom, black pepper, ginger, turmeric, clove,nutmeg, cinnamom, curry leaf, coriander, fenugreek, fennel, cumin,vanilla and tamarind.Practical :Floral structure, floral biology and economic products ofimportant perennial horticultural crops, selfing and crossingtechniques, handling of breeding populations, preparation of plantdescriptors of important plantation and spice crops. Visit to places ofinterest including research stations in relation to breeding activitiesof plantation and spice crops. Techniques of raising of segregatinglines, evaluation of segregating genera. Techniques of F1 hybridseed production, Maintenance of breeding records, emasculation andpollination procedures. Maintenance of male sterile lines, preparationof chemical nutrients. Working out the heritability, variety releaseproposals. Production of hybrids.PMA 302 AROMATIC CROPS 3 (2+1)Historical background of Perfumery in the World and in India.Importance of aromatic plants and their scope. Classification ofaromatic plants. 12

History, origin, distribution, importance, area, production,varieties, planting, production technology including organic farming,training and pruning, weed and water management, plant protectionand harvesting of different aromatic crops. History and development of different extraction methods, preparation of material forextraction/operational procedure or different equipments forextraction, storage and arketing. Uses - perfumery andpharmacological. Quality analysis of essential oils.Aromatic crops: French Jasmine, Oil-bearing rose, Tuberose,Geranium, Patchouli, Mints, Ocimums, Davana, Sandal wood,Ambrette, Lemongrass, Citronella, Palmarosa, Vetiver, Rosemary,Eucalyptus, Marjorum, Chammomile, Lavender, Dill, Celery, Anise andThyme.Practical :Botanical description and identification of different speciesand varieties. Nursery techniques. Study of pests and diseases, theirmanagement of commercial aromaticcrops. Study of different essential oils and their extraction methods.Quality analysis of essential oils. Visit to plantations of aromaticcrops, distillation units and research stations.e) CROP IMPROVEMENT AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

CIB 101 INTRODUCTION TO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY 2 (1+1)Introduction, history, scope and development in PlantBiotechnology in Horticulture. Application of tissue culture inhorticultural crops, advantages, problems and scope forcommercialization. Factors influencing in vitro growth andmorphogenesis. Meristem culture, cell culture, somaclonal variation,protoplast isolation culture, fusion and application, micro-grafting,germplasm conservation, secondary metabolites. Importance and ofmarkers, genemapping, cloning, sequencing and production of13

transgenic plants by different methods. Genetic engineering - presenttrends and future scope in horticultural crops.PracticalImportant equipments in the biotechnology laboratory.Establishment of tissue culture laboratory for research andcommercial production. Sterilization techniques. Composition andpreparation media. Micro-propagation of banana, citrus, roses,tomato and Cardamom, Callus culture Sub culturing - induction ofshoots and rooting. Embryoculture. Anther archid culture.Hardening of tissue cultured plants. RAPD technology. Visit tobiotechnology laboratoriesCIB 102 PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS AND 3 (2+1)

CYTOGENETICSBrief history of classical and modern concepts of geneticsand cytogenetics. Structural basis of heredity: cell, nucleus,chromosome structure and functions -chromosomal theory ofinheritance; cell division - mitosis, meiosis. Gametogenesis andsyngamy in plants and animals. Functional basis of heredity: Mendelianinheritance-Mendel's laws-mono, di and trigenic ratios; modificationsof Mendelian inheritance, environment, intra and intergenicinteractions, polygenic inheritance. Multiple alleles and complex locus.Linkage, recombination and genetic mapping, sex linkage and sexdetermination. Non-Mendelian inheritance: maternal effects andmaternal inheritance.Chemical basis of heredity: Nucleic acids as genetic material, theirstructure and function, genetic code, protein synthesis and generegulation. Variations in heredity: mutation, structural andnumerical variations in chromosomes, their genetic andevolutionary consequences with examples from plants and animals.Practical:

Plant microscopic techniques: Microscopy, prefixation-fixation-staining-squash and smear techniques-preparation of permanent14

slides of mitotic and meiotic stages. Probability and test ofsignificance. Study of mono, di, trihybrid ratios in segregatingpopulations. Intra and intergenic interactions, polygenic inheritance.Multiple alleles and complex locus. Linkage and sex linked inheritance.Study of polytene chromosomes of Drosophila.CIB 201 PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF 3 (2+1) PLANT BREEDINGIntroduction to plant breeding, history, aims and scope ofplant breeding, its relation with other disciples, classification ofplant species based on reproductive systems, contravences to aidself and cross pollination, incompatibility, sterility and apomixisand their classification, centers of origin, law of homologous series,plant exploration, introduction, acclimatization, utilization andconservation of crop genetic resources. Use of biometrics in plantbreeding. Breeding of self pollinated crops: Genetic make up ofpopulation, mass selection, pureline concept and selection,hybridization and selection, pedigree method, bulk method, modifiedbulk method, mass pedigree method, SSD and backcross method.Breeding of cross pollinated crops: Genetic make up of population,Hardy Weinberg law, mating systems, heterosis and inbreeding,theories of heterosis, synthetics and composites, mass selection,progeny selection, recurrent selection and types. Breeding ofasexually propagated crops : Genetic make up of population, clonalselection, hybridization, exploitation of heterosis, polycross. Malesterility and its utilization, mutation and polyploidy breeding,application of molecular techniques in plant breeding, varietalrelease, plant breeders rights, farmers rights and community rights.Practical :Study of sporogenesis and fertilization, reproduction in cropplants, pollination systems, study of pollen morphology and pollenfertility of different crops, selfing and crossing techniques,preparation and layout of experimental plots, biometric analysis inassessment of variability in populations, assessment of superiorityof genotypes by simple ANOVA, calculation of heterosis in F115

generation, recording variations in segregating generations, visitto research stations.CIB 301 PRINCIPLES OF SEED PRODUCTION 2 (1+1)

IN HORTICULTURE CROPSIntroduction, Seed and its importance, difference betweenseed and grain, Role of seed technology. Concept of seed quality andfactors affecting to it. History and Development of Seed Industry,New seed policy, National seed projects, Classes of seeds, Generationsystem of seed multiplication and agency involved in productionand certification. General principles and method of seed productionin self and cross pollinated varieties and hybrids of horticultural crops.Harvest and post-harvest technology - Principles of seed processing,Principles and methods of seed drying. Seed certification - Purposeand phase of seed certification, Field inspection and its importance,Field and seed standards. Duties and responsibilities of Seed Inspectorand Seed Analyst. Seed storage - Principles and methods, factorsaffecting the storage of seeds, Storage of certified, foundation, breederseed and germplasm seeds, Deterioration Control of seeddeterioration. Seed Act and Rules, Important sections and rules. Seed(control) Order.Practical:Identification of seeds and varieties of important horticulturalcrops. Seed structure of dicot and monocot. Seed sampling and testingequipments. Testing of moisture, physical purity, germination,seedling evaluation and reporting the results, viability test, vigourtests, dormancy, Grow-out test, seed health test. Hybridizationtechniques - emasculation and pollination. Field inspection -Identification of rogue and off types. Seed cleaning, seed treatmentand seed packaging.Visit to the certified seed field of different vegetablecrops, processing unit, storage unit, KSSC, KSSCA, seed testinglaboratory and Private seed company.

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f) HORTICULTURE CROP PROTECTION

HET- 101 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY 2 (1+1)Introduction to phylum arthropoda. Importance of classInsecta. Insect dominance. Definition, division and scope ofentomology. Comparative account of external morphology-typesof mouth parts, antennae, legs, wings and genetallia. Anatomy ofdigestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, nervous andreproductive systems. Metamorphosis. Types of larvae and pupa.Classification of insects upto orders and families of major orders andtheir economic importance and distinguished characters.Practical: Insect collection and preservation. General bodyorganization of insects. Study on morphology of grasshopper,cockroach, plantbug, housefly. Preparation of permanent mounts ofmouth parts, antennae, legs and wings. Dissection of cockroach forstudy of internal anatomy. Observations on types of larvae and pupae.Identification of insects representing different orders and families.Collection of adult and immature insects representing differentorders.HPP- 101 FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 2 (1+1)Definition - history and economic importance of plantdiseases. General characteristics of fungi, bacteria, viruses andrelated organisms, phytoplasmas and nematodes. Phanerogamicand non-parasitic diseases and their broad classification.Classification of plant diseases. Growth and reproduction,dissemination and infection of plant pathogens, conditionsfavourable for disease development and epidemiology. Principles ofplant disease management : exclusion, seed health testing, seedcertification standards, eradication - cultural practices, protection- plant protection chemicals, compatibility of differentagrochemicals and plant protection appliances; immunization,management through host-plant resistance. Integrated managementof plant diseases. Recent developments in the management ofdiseases through biotechnological techniques and biological control.

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Practical :Use of microscope, stage and ocular micrometry, filarmicrometer, camera lucida. Preparation of culture media; methodsof sterilization; isolation, proving Koch's postulates; collection,preservation, packing and dispatching of diseased specimens foridentification; symptoms of different diseases; morphologicalcharacteristics of plant pathogens - fungi, bacteria, nematodes,viruses and virus-natured organisms; diagnosis of plant diseases inthe field and laboratory, seed health testing; study of different plantprotection chemicals - their formulations, dosage, methods of usageand compatibility of agrochemicals; use of plant protectionappliances, seed treatment methods, spraying and dusting.HET- 201 PRINCIPLES OF PEST MANAGEMENT 2 (1+1)

AND BEE KEEPINGEconomic classification of insects; study of beneficial insects;parasitoids, predators, insect-pathogens and their mass-production.Study of weed killers and productive insects (silkworms andhoneybee). Definition of pest; types of pests and types of damagecaused by pests. Factors for outbreak of pest populations. Principlesof pest management-ETL, EIL, etc. Methods of pest control; cultural,mechanical, physical, biological, legal, genetic, chemical andintegrated pest management. Pest survey, surveillance andforecasting. Classification and study of insecticides. Differentinsecticide formulations and their use. Safe handling of pesticide.Brief history and economic importance of beekeeping. Studyof honeybee species, biology, division of labour, comb structureand communication behaviour. Study of morphological andanatomical modifications in honeybees. Management of honeybeecolonies during different seasons. Study of pests and diseases ofhoneybees. Economics of beekeeping.Practical: Study of entomophagous parasitoids, predators andpathogens. Mass production of important parasitoids and pathogens.Visit to bio-control agent mass-production laboratories. Study of

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insecticides, formulations and plant protection equipments.Preparations of insecticide spray solutions and their residual effects.Identification of honey bee species, their castes, combstructure and stages. Study of beehive and beekeeping equipments.Handling of honeybee colony and colony inspection. Identificationof pests and diseases of honey bee. Extraction of honey and bee wax.Visit to important apiaries and bee keeping societies.Rearing practice of different species of silkworms. Rearingequipments. Visit to progressive farmers silkworm rearing house.Collection of beneficial and productive insects.HPP- 201 DISEASES OF FRUITS, PLANTATION 3 (2+1) AND SPICE CROPSStudy of symptoms, economic importance, etiology, diseasecycle and management of major diseases (including post-harvestdiseases) of the following crops:Fruit crops : Mango, banana, grapes, citrus, pomegranate, ber, fig,papaya, guava, sapota, jack-fruit, pineapple, apple , jamun and custardapple.Spices: Black pepper, ginger, turmeric, cardamom, clove, cinnamon,coriander, garlic, vanilla and curry leaf.Plantation crops : Coconut, arecanut, coffee, tea, rubber, cocoa,betelvine, cashew and oilpalm.Practical :Collection of diseased samples of different fruit crops,plantation crops, spices and their preservation; study of symptomsof various diseases; methods of examining diseased samples; detailedmacro and microscopic observations of diseased samples and theircauses; study of major post-harvest diseases of important crops. Visitto gardens of fruit crops, spices and plantation crops. Submission ofdiseased samples on herbarium sheets.

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HET- 301 PESTS OF FRUIT, PLANTATION, MEDICINAL 3 (2+1) AND AROMATIC CROPSEcology and insect-pest management with reference tofruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops; Distribution, hostrange, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of importantinsect pests affecting tropical, sub-tropical and temperate fruits,plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops like mango, banana, citrus,grapes, pomegranate, ber, fig, papaya, guava, sapota, pineapple, jamun,custard apple etc. coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew, cocoa, tea,coffee, cinchona, betelvine, senna, neem, pyrethrum, costus, coleus,datura, dioscorea, mint, opium, Solanum spp. and Tephrosia. Storageinsects - distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integratedmanagement of important insect pests attacking stored fruits,plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops and their processedproducts. Non insect pests of fruits and plantation crops. Toxicology- insecticide residue problems in fruit, plantation, medicinal andaromatic crops and their tolerance limits.

Practical : Study of symptoms of damage, collection, identification,preservation, assessment of damage and population of importantinsect pests affecting fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromaticcrops in field and storage. Collection of pests of fruit, plantation,medicinal and aromatic crops.HET 302 PESTS OF VEGETABLE, ORNAMENTAL 2 (1+1)

AND SPICE CROPSEconomic importance of insects in vegetable, ornamental andspice crops - ecology and pest management with reference to thesecrops. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integratedmanagement and economics of pest management of important insect-pests affecting vegetable, ornamental and spice crops. Vegetables:Tomato, brinjal, chilli, bhendi, cabbage, cauliflower, onion, garlic,potato, sweet potato, cucurbitaceous crops, leafy vegetables,leguminous vegetables. Ornamental crops: Rose, carnation, gerbera,tuberose, gladiolus, jasmine, marigold, chrysanthemum.20

Spice crops : Black pepper, ginger, turmeric, cardamom, curryleaf,coriander etc, tree species (clove, nutmeg and cinnamon). Importantstorage insect-pests of vegetable, ornamental and spice crops, theirhost range, bio-ecology, injury and integrated management. Insect-pests of processed vegetables and ornamental crops, their host range,bio-ecology, injury and integrated management. Non insect pests ofvegetables, ornamental and spice crops. Insecticide residue problemsin vegetables and ornamental crops, tolerance limits etc.Practical: Study of symptoms, damage, collection, identification,preservation, assessment of damage / population and managementof important insect-pests affecting vegetable, ornamental and spicecrops in field and during storage. Collection of pests of vegetable,ornamental and spice crops.HPP- 301 DISEASES OF VEGETABLES, ORNAMENTAL, 3 (2+1)

MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC CROPSSymptoms, Etiology, mode of spread, epidemiology andintegrated management of diseases of the following vegetables,ornamental, medicinal and aromatic crops; Disease management ofpotato, tomato, brinjal, chilli, bhendi, cabbage, cauliflower, onion,leafy vegetables, ridgegourd, muskmelon, cucumber, watermelon,bittergourd, carrot, sweet potato, radish, knol-knol, pea, beans, beetroot; jasmine, rose, gladiolus, crossandra, tuberose, geranium,marigold, carnations, gerbera, anthurium, chrysanthemum; senna,neem, hemp, belladonna, pyrethrum, camphor, costus, crotalaria,datura, dioscorea, mint, opium, Solanum khasianum and Tephrosia;Pachouli, citronella, davana, sandal and ocimum. Important post-harvest diseases of vegetables and ornamental crops and theirmanagement.Practical : Observations of symptoms, causal organisms and hostparasitic relationship of important diseases, examination of culturesof important pathogens of vegetables, Ornamental and spice crops.Submission of disease samples on herbarium sheets.21

g) POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGY

PHT 101 PRINCIPLES OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 1 (1+0) AND NUTRITIONFood and its function, physico-chemical properties of foods.Nutrition, relation of nutrition to good health. Energy: definition,determination of energy requirements, food energy, total energyneeds of the body. Carbohydrates: classification, properties,functions, source, requirements, digestion, absorption andutilization. Proteins: classification, properties, functions, sources,requirements, digestion, absorption, essential and non-essentialamino acids, quality of proteins, PER/NPR/NPU, supplementaryvalue of proteins and deficiency. Lipids: classification, properties,functions, sources, requirements, digestion, absorption andutilization, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, deficiency, rancidity,refining of fats. Mineral nutrition: macro and micro-minerals (Ca, Feand P), function, utilization, requirements, sources, effects ofdeficiency. Vitamins: functions, sources, effects of deficiency,requirements of water soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, functionalfoods and nutraceuticals. Balanced diet: recommended dietaryallowances for various age groups, assessment of nutritional statusof the population.

PHT 201 POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF 3 (2+1) HORTICULTURE PRODUCEImportance, status and scope of post-harvest technology inhorticulture crops. Preharvest factors affecting quality. Post-harvestlosses and factors responsible for deterioration of horticultureproduce. Physiological and biochemical changes during ripeningprocess.Maturity standards, harvesting, handling, curing, gradingand precooling of horticulture produce. Produce and packagingrequirements of fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices and plantation cropsfor domestic and export market. Types of containers, packaging andcushioning materials, use of grape guard in packaging. Vacuum and

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shrink packaging. Transportation - modes of transport, types oftransport vehicles. Marketing of fresh produce.Pre and post-harvest treatments for extending storage life -skin coating with wax emulsion, botanicals, fungicides, chemicals andgrowth regulators.Methods of storage - traditional methods, special storagestructures for potato, onion etc. Cold storage - Refrigeration andfreezing, equipments and construction of cold storage room.Evaporative cool chambers, Controlled/Modified atmospherestorage.Practical :Practice in judging the maturity of various horticultureproduce. Harvesting and handling of horticulture produce. Physico-chemical analysis of fruits and vegetables -PLW, ascorbic acid, acidity,sugars, pigments. Grading of horticulture produce. Pre -Post-harvesttreatment of horticulture produce - physical and chemical methods.Packaging of fruits, vegetables, cut flowers, spices andplantation crops, bulk and consumer packs. Storage behaviour offruits and vegetables in cold storage. Construction of zero energycool chamber. Study of storage disorders and spoilages in horticultureproduce. Visit to commercial handling and packaging units, marketsand cold storage units.PHT 301 PROCESSING OF HORTICULTURE PRODUCE 3 (2+1)History, importance, present status and future scope offruit and vegetable preservation industry in India. General principlesof preservation of horticulture produce. Principles and methods ofdrying and dehydration - equipments used, packaging of dehydratedproducts. Principles of preservation by heat - pasteurization andprocessing. Canning and bottling - equipments and containers used,unit operations in canning.Preservation by use of sugar and chemicals - juice, squash,syrup, cordial, jam, jelly, marmalade, candies, crystallized fruits and23

preserves. Chemical preservatives. Preservation with salt, spices,essential oils and vinegar - pickles, chutney, sauces and tomatoproducts. Preservation by fermentation - alcoholic, acetic and lactic,minimal processing of fruits / vegetables. Novel technologies- IQF,Ohmic, Nano, Hurdle technology, etc.Packaging of processed products. Spoilages in processedhorticulture produce. Food laws (FASSA and others) and qualitycontrol of processed products. Importance of sensory evaluation.Principles and guidelines for establishment of processing units. Wasteutilization.Practical :Equipments and containers used in food processing units.Preparation of dried and dehydrated products - raisin, potato chips,banana chips etc. Canning of fruits and vegetables. Preparation ofjuice, squash, RTS, cordial, syrup, jam, jelly, marmalade, candies,crystallised products, preserves, chutney, pickles, tomato products(sauce, ketchup) etc. Preparation of fermented products - winesand vinegar. Curing and processing of spices and plantation crops.Study of spoilages in processed products. Cut out analysis ofprocessed horticulture produce. Visit to processing units, researchcentres, CFTRI.II. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

a) SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY

SAC 101 FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE 2 (1+1)Soil as a natural body, major components soil forming rocksand minerals. Weathering processes, soil formation. Physicalparameters, texture, definition, textural classes. Absolute specificgravity, definition, bulk density. Porespace definition, factors affectingcapillary and noncapillary porosity. Soil colour its significance.Munsell colour chart, hue, value and chroma. Organic matter, soiltexture, definition, classification,factors influencing genesis of soilstructure. Soil air, composition. Soil temperature, sources and24

distribution of heat. Soil colloids, organic, inorganic, silicate claysand hydrous oxide. Ion exchange, cation and anion importance. pHand nutrient availability, soil buffering capacity. Soil water, farms,hygroscopic, capillary and gravitational, soil moisture constants,wilting point, field capacity, moisture equivalent, MWHC, energyconcepts, pF scale. Soil orders, land capability classification. Soilsof India and Karnataka in brief.Practical :Study of soil forming rocks and minerals, soil sampling, profilestudy, study of soil colour, texture by feel method and hydrometer.Study of soil structure. Determination of BD, PD. Soil moisturedetermination by gravimetric method, soil pH, EC, OC and CEC.SAC 201 SOIL AND PLANT ANALYSIS 2 (1+1)Soil sampling, meaning, steps involved in soil sampling,purpose of soil sampling and sampling for horticultural crops.Preparation of soil samples for analysis. Soil moisture determination.Principles and methods involved in the determination of soil pH, TSS,available nutrients, secondary nutrients and micronutrients.Interpretation of soil test results. Plant sampling, objectives purposesand sampling methods for horticultural crops and processing of plantsamples for analysis in laboratory. Analysis of plant samples fornutrients, rapid tissue tests. Chemical and mineral composition ofhorticultural crops, index tissues, leaf analysis standards. Principlesof working pH meter, conductivity bridge, flame photometer,spectrophotometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Quality of irrigation water. Interpretation of plant analytical results.Practical :Collection and preparation of soil and plant samples foranalysis. Determination of soil pH, electrical conductivity, availableN, P, K and S and micronutrients. Interpretation of soil analyticalresults. Processing of plant samples in laboratory. Analysing plantsamples for nutrient contents and interpretation. Rapid tissue testsfor N, P, K. Irrigation water quality analysis.25

SAC 301 SOIL FERTILITY AND NUTRIENT 2 (1+1) MANAGEMENTSoil fertility and productivity, meaning and definitions factorsaffecting productivity - fertility. Essential plant nutrients, criteria ofessentiality and transport of nutrient ions in soil. Functions ofelements, deficiency symptoms, transformations and availability. Acid,calcareous and salt affected soils, characteristics and management,organic matter decomposition, humus formation, C:N ratio andimportance. Green manuring. INM. Soil fertility evaluation methods.N, P, K fertilizers manufacturing processes and properties ofcommonly used fertilizers (urea, SSP, DAP, MOP and SOP). Complexand mixed fertilizers, micronutrients and their carriers. Organicmanures. STCR and DRIS approaches for fertilizser recommendation.

PracticalAnalysis of soil for organic matter, available, N, P. Kmicronutrients and interpretations GR and LR for problematic soils.Determination of nutrient content in fertilizer samples. Analysis oforganic manure samples for N, P, K.B) AGRONOMY

AGR 101 MAJOR FIELD CROPS 2 (1+1)Importance of cereals, pulses and commercial crops. Studyof rice, wheat, maize and sorghum with reference to importance,history, distribution, soil and climatic requirement, and cultivationpractices. Importance, production constraints and prospects of pulses.Study of Bengalgram, greengram, redgram, blackgram and soybean.Study of oilseed crops viz., groundnut, sunflower, rapeseed andmustard, and safflower. Importance and study of sugarcane, cottonand tobacco.PracticalStudy of area, production and productivity of different crops.Study of plant characteristics of cereals, pulses, oilseeds andcommercial crops. Selection of seed material, seed treatment and26

planting techniques. Layout of land for planting, nutritionalrequirement and fertilizer management. Visit to agricultural researchstation.AGR 201 AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY AND 3 (2+1)

WATER MANAGEMENTIntroduction. Atmosphere - definition, composition andstructure. Climate definition and factors affecting. Study of variousclimatic elements - solar radiation, light, air, temperature, soiltemperature, atmospheric gases, atmospheric humidity, atmosphericpressure, wind and precipitation, hydrological cyle.Role of water in plant growth. Definition of irrigation watermanagement and its importance in agriculture. Water resources inIndia. Soil-water-plant-atmosphere relationships. Kinds of soil water,soil moisture constants. Soil water movements and infiltration.Moisture sensitive periods of crops. Consumptive use of water andfactors affecting it. Water requirement of crops and approaches todetermine it. Scheduling of irrigation to crops , criteria used inscheduling. Irrigation methods: surface, sub-surface, sprinkler anddrip irrigation systems. Irrigation efficiencies, water-use efficiencies.PracticalStudy of site selection for establishment and layout ofagrometeorological observatory. Measurement of importantatmospheric parameters. Measurement of evaporation by USWBopen pan evaporimeter and evapotranspiration by lysimeter. Visitto meteorological observatory.Estimation of soil moisture by direct and indirect methods.Determination of soil moisture constants. Determination ofinfiltration rate. Installation of tensiometer, gypsum block in cropfields. Measurement of irrigation water. study of water controlstructures. Study of evaporimeters.

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AGR 202 ORGANIC FARMING OF HORTICULTURE 2 (1+1) CROPSIntroduction, concept, relevance in present context; organicproduction requirements; biological intensive nutrient managementorganic manures, vermicomposting, green manuring, recycling oforganic residues. Soil improvement and amendments: Irrigationproblems wasteland and their developments. Quality considerations,certification, labeling and accreditation processers, marketing,exports.Sustainability in agriculture and factors affecting agro-ecological balance. Concepts of LEIA, HEIA and LEISA. Integratedsustainable farming systems and land use systems. Different types offarming: natural, organic and biological systems. Carbonsequestration, carbon trading, clean development mechanismprojects.

PracticalPreparation of FYM, vermicompost, vegetable andornamental nursery raising organically, micro quality analysis,grading, packaging, post harvest management. Visit to urban wasterecycling unit. Study of profitable utilization of agricultural wastes.Visit to poultry and dairy units to study resource allocation, utilizationand economics. Visit to an organic farm to study various componentsand utilization. Study of degraded lands.C) AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

AEG 201 SURVEYING, SOIL AND WATER 1 (0+1) CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES

Practical: Acquaintance with chain survey equipment; Ranging andmeasurement of offsets; Chain triangulation; Cross staff survey;Plotting of chain triangulation; Plotting of cross staff survey; Levellingequipment - dumpy level, levelling staff, temporary adjustments andstaff reading; Differential leveling; Profile levelling; Contour surveygrid method; Plotting of contours; Concept of watershed. Study of28

soil and water conservation measures in watershed. Design andlayout of contour bund, water ways, farm pond etc. Delineation ofwatershed and preparation of master plan.AEG 202 FARM POWER, MACHINERY AND 2 (1+1)

PROCESSING EQUIPMENTS

Farm power in India: sources, I.C engines: basic principles ofoperation of compression ignition and spark ignition engines,working principles, two stroke and four stroke engines, I.C. engineterminology, different systems of I.C. engine. Tractors,Types,Selection of tractor and cost of tractor power. Tillage implements:Primary and Secondary tillage implements, seed drills and planters,intercultural and harvesting equipments; Equipment for landdevelopment and soil conservation.Harvesting, grading and packaging equipments forhorticulture produce. Heat and mass transfer in dehydration anddrying and dehydration equipments - solar, electrical, mechanical, etc.Processing equipments - fruit juice extractor, juice concentrator,fruit pulper, fruit and vegetable washing machines.Practical: Principles of operations of 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycleengines. Different systems of tractors and their working. Periodicmaintenance of tractors. Hitching of implements. Ploughs, horrows,seed drills and planters. Cost calculation of tractor. Harvesting,grading, packaging. Equilibrium moisture content and theirdeterminations. Drying and dehydrations and processing equipments.D) FORESTRY

FOR 101 INTRODUCTION TO AGROFORESTRY 2 (1+1)Agroforestry definition, objectives and potential, status ofIndian forests, terms used in forestry. Agroforestry systems:agrisilviculture, silvipastoral, hortisilviculture, hortisilvipastoral,shifting cultivation, taungyk, home gardens, alley cropping, windbreaks, shelterbelts and energy plantations. Selection of tree speciesfor agroforestry, National AF projects. MPT's their management29

practices, nursery and planting of Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo,tectona, morus, Eucalyptus, Bamboo, tamarind and neem, minorforest products.Practical :Identification of seeds of MPT's ; Identification of MPT's.Nursery practices for Morus alba, Acacia catehu, Dalbergiasisoo,leucaena levcocephala. Visit to AF fields Silvipastoral,Hortisilviculture, Agrosilvipasture, Fuel and fodder blocks. Visit tosocial forestry plantations; Railway line plantations, Canal lineplantations, Road side plantations, Industrial plantations, Shelterbelts.E) ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

ENS 101 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2 (1+1)Environment - definition, meaning, components ofenvironment. Biogeochemical cycles - Food chain. Foodweb.Productivity and energy flow. Definition and scope of biodiversity.Diversity at levels of genes, species, higher taxa and biologicalcommunities including horticultural and agricultural crops. Currentlevels of biodiversity on earth. Conservation, characterization andmanagement of biodiversity.Forestry in relation to environment, global warming, Ozonedepletion, acid rain etc. Role of renewable energy sources in reducingenvironmental hazards.Pollution - air, land and water pollution. Types of pollutantsand their chemistry, Industrial wastes, Domestic wastes, plantresidues, heavy metals, agrochemicals, radioactive materials andchemical precipitation. Microbiology of natural and polluted waterbodies. Eutrophication - Chemical and biological- nature and itscontrol. Effect of pollutants on soil properties, plant growth, animaland human health. Pollution control methods - use of plants, wasterecycling, microbial degradation of organic and inorganic pollutantsand pesticides microbes as indicators of pollution. Ecologicalapproaches in management of insect pests and plant pathogens.30

Environmental conservation: policies, pollution control act. Cropsin relation to environment, concepts in crop ecology. Conservationof natural resources and conservation of diversity of agro-ecosystems.Practical :Evaluation of plant, animal, invertebrate and microbialcommunities in terrestrial and aquatic environment -Commensalisms, symbiosis, parasitism, predation. Effect of industrialeffluents on soil and crop plants. Analysis of polluted water.Composting of wastes using micro organisms and vermicomposting.Assessment of air and water quality. Visit to environmentallydegraded area. Study of microbial population in air, water, sewageand industrial wastes. Pesticide degradation by microbes andbioremediation. Anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes. Agro-ecological regions of India and Karnataka. Concept of efficient cropeco-zones.F) AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

AMB 201 SOIL AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 3 (2+1)Soil Environment; its relation to microbial population. Roleof microorganisms and their activities in soil. Micro-organisms inmineral transformations; Carbon cycle, organic matterdecomposition, biological oxidation of cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloseand starch; humus formation. Nitrogen cycle - Biological nitrogenfixation, symbiotic, asymbiotic and associative symbiosis,ammonification, nitrification and denitrification. Factors affectingnitrogen transformations.Transformation of phosphorus - Mineralization, mineralphosphate solubilization, Mobilization of phosphorus bymycorrhizae. Ecto and Endo-mycorrhizae and their symbiosis withcrop plants and forest crops. Transformation of sulphur - oxidationand reduction processes. Microbial interactions- Commensalism,synergism, antagonism, symbiosis, predation and parasitism. Interrelationships between plants and microorganisms; Rhizosphere31

concept, quantitative and qualitative studies, R:S ratio, Phyllosphere,Spermosphere. Soil enzymes and their role in soil. Microbiology ofair and water. Role of microorganisms in sewage treatment anddisposal. Composting of agroindustrial, horticultural and agriculturalwastes, bioinoculants: biopesticides, biocontrol agents,biofertilizers. Food as a substrate for microorganisms: microbesin spoilage of fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantational andmedicinal plants principles of food preservation food poising andfood infection.Fermented foods: SCP, Mushrooms. Dairy microbiology:microbiology of milk, fermented diary products-cheese, butter,curds, health dinks and Industrial Microbiology: fermentedbeverages, antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins, organic acids etc. Valueaddition to horticultural produce.Practical:Enumeration of microbial population in soil. Assessment ofmicrobial activity in soil : Dehydrogenase activity. Isolation ofcellulose decomposing microorganisms, organic matterdecomposition and CO2 evolution. Isolation of nitrogen fixing bacteriaasymbiotic, symbiotic and associative symbiotic bacteria. Isolationof blue green algae. Ammonification, Nitrification and Denitrificationin soil. Study of mycorrhizae - root colonization and spore countof mycorrhizal fungi. Isolation of mineral phosphate solubilizingmicroorganisms. In vitro solubilization of mineral phosphates.Study of Rhizosphere microflora and R:S ratio. Study ofphyllosphere and spermosphere microflora. Enumeration ofmicroorganisms from air, water and food. Study of microorganismsinvolved in dairy products. Production of alcoholic and non-alcoholicbeverages. Production of fermented foods. III. ALLIED SCIENCE

a) CROP PHYSIOLOGY

CPH 101 INTRODUCTORY CROP PHYSIOLOGY 2 (1+1)Water relations in plants - role of water in plant metabolism -Osmosis, imbibition - diffusion - water potential and its components32

- measurement of water potential in plants - absorption water -mechanism of absorption - ascent of sap.Stomata - structure - distribution, classification - mechanismof opening and closing of stomata - Osmotic pressure - guttation -stem bleeding - transpiration methods - mechanism of transportationfactors effecting transpiration. Regulation of microclimate - role ofanti-transpirants.Drought- different types of stresses - water- heat andcold tolerance- mechanism of tolerance - physiological basis ofmanagement of stresses including seed hardening etc.Plant nutrition - essentiality mechanism of absorption andits role in plant metabolism - photosynthesis - importance ofphotosynthesis - structure and function of cytoplasm - dark and lightreactions - cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation - CO2fixation - C3, C4 and CA metabolism - advantages of C4 pathway.Differences among the pathway - photorespiration and itsimplications, factors affecting the photosynthesis.Respiration - glycolysis - TCA cycle and Electro transfer chain- ATP synthesis RQ value and factors affecting the respiration.Enzymes - distribution in plants structure ampisilin - enzyme andfactors affecting the enzyme activity. Secondary metabolic products- phenols - alkaloids - terpenoids - porphyrin in plants. Plantmovements classification - phototropism - Geotropism - stimulate -physiological responses.Practical :Measurement of water potential by different method - Imethod. Shrodlcorn method. Demonstration of osmosis, plasmolysisand root pressure. Transpiration part. Studying the structure, openingand closing of stomata. Demonstration of importance of light inphotosynthesis. Estimation of chlorophyll in plants. Studying theactivity of catalase and peroxidase. Estimation of phenols in plants.Studying the plant movements. Estimation of RQ value. Test.

33

CPH 201 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF 2 (1+1)HORTICULTURAL CROPSGrowth and development-definitions, components,photosynthetic productivity, leaf area index (LAI) - optimum LAI inhorticultural crops, canopy development; different stages of growth,growth curves, growth analysis in horticultural crops. Plantbioregulators- auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene inhibitors andretardants, basic functions, biosynthesis, role in crop growth anddevelopment, propagation, flowering, fruit setting, fruit thinning, fruitdevelopment, fruit drop, and fruit ripening. Flowering-factorsaffecting flowering, physiology of flowering, photoperiodism-longday, short day and day neutral plants, vernalisation and its applicationin horticulture, pruning and training physiological basis of trainingand pruning-source and sink relationship, translocation ofassimilates. Physiology of seed development and maturation and buddormancy. Physiology of fruit growth and development, fruit setting,factors affecting fruit set and development, physiology of ripeningof fruits-climatic and non-climacteric fruits.

Practical: Estimation of photosynthetic potential of horticulturalcrops, leaf area index, growth analysis parameters including harvestindex, bioassay of plant hormones, identification of syntheticplant hormones and growth retardants, preparations of hormonalsolution and induction of rooting in cuttings, ripening of fruits andcontrol of flower and fruit drop. Important physiological disordersand their remedial measures in fruits and vegetables, rapid tissuetest.b) AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION EDUCATION

AEX101 FUNDAMENTALS OF RURAL SOCIOLOGY 1 (0+1) AND CONSTITUTION OF INDIASociology and Rural Sociology, Meaning, Definition, Scope,Importance of Rural Sociology in Agricultural Extension andInterrelationship between Rural Sociology and AgriculturalExtension. Indian Rural Society, Important characteristics,

34

Differences and Relationship between Rural and Urban societies.Social Groups - Meaning, Definition, Classification, Role of Socialgroups in Agricultural Extension. Social Stratification -Meaning,Definition, Basis for stratification, Forms of Social stratification -characteristics and - Differences between Class and Caste System.Cultural concepts - Culture, Customs, Folkways, Ethics, Mores, Taboos,Rituals and Traditions - Meaning, Definition and their Role inAgricultural Extension. Social Values - Meaning, Definition, Typesand Role of Social Values Social Institutions - Meaning, Definition,Major institutions in Rural society, Functions and their Role inAgricultural Extension. Social Control - Meaning, Definition, Needof social. Control and means of Social control. Social change -Meaning, Definition, Nature of Social change. Dimensions of socialchange and factors affecting social change. Leadership - Meaning,Definition, Classification, Roles of a leader, Different methods ofSelection of Professional and Lay leaders. Meaning, Preamble andCharacteristics of Constitution of India; Fundamental Rights andDuties; Directive Principles of State Policy; Constitutional provisionsfor welfare of SCs and STs Minorities, Women and Children; UnionExecutive; President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council ofMinisters - Powers and Functions; Parliament and Supreme Courtof India - Powers and Functions; State Executive; Governor, ChiefMinister, Council of Ministers, Legislature and Judiciary; powers andfunctions; electoral process, Human Rights Commission - Structure,Powers and Functions. RTI. AEX 201 FUNDAMENTALS OF EXTENSION 2 (1+1) EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTExtension education: meaning, definition, nature, scope,objectives, principles,approaches and history. Horticulture extension:process, principles and selected programmes of leading national andinternational horticulture institutes. People's participation inhorticulture programmes. Motivation of women community, children,youth and voluntary organizations for horticulture extension work.Rural Development: meaning, definition, objectives and genesis.Transfer of technology programmes like lab to land programme (LLP)35

national demonstration (ND), front line demonstration (FLD) KrishiVigyan Kendras (KVK), Technology Assessment and RefinementProgramme (TARP) etc. of ICAR. Entreprenure- meaning, definition,characteristics/qualities of successful entreprenure, distinctionbetween a entreprenure and a manager. Entreprenureshipdevelopment: meaning, definition, factors affecting entreprenureshipgrowth, role of entreprenure in the economic development of thecountry. Audio - visual aids: importance, classification andselection.Programming planning process - meaning, scope, principlesand steps. Evaluation: meaning, importance and methods. Scope andimportance of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) & Rapid RuralAppraisal (RRA). Management and administration: meaning,definition, principles and functions. Concepts of human resourcedevelopment (HRD), rural leadership.Practical: Visits to study structure, functions, linkages and extensionprogrammes of ICAR institutes/voluntary organizations/MahilaMandal, Village Panchayat, State Dept. of Horticulture /All India Radio(AIR). Exercises on distortion of message. Audio visual aids meaning,importance and classification. Selection, planning preparation ofhorticultural information materials - leaflet, folder, pamphlet, newsstories, success stories. Planning, preparation & use of NPVA likeposter, chart, flash cards, folders etc. and AVA like OHP & 35 mm slideprojector transparencies. Identification of local leaders to study theirrole in extension work. Evaluation of some selected case studies ofhorticulture extension programmes. Preparation of Villagehorticulture productions plan.AEX 301 COMMUNICATION AND TRANSFER OF 2 (1+1)

TECHNOLOGYCommunication - Meaning, definition, models, elementsand their characteristics, types and barriers in communication.Information communication and Technology (ICT): meaning,definition, importance of ICT in agriculture development, major ICTinitiatives of state and central government in Karnataka. Cyberextension- meaning, definition, features, advantages and tools of cyberextension. Extension teaching methods - meaning, definition,36

functions and classification. Individual contact methods - Farm andHome visit, Result demonstration, field trials - meaning, objectives,steps, merits and demerits. Group contact methods - Group discussion,method demonstration, field trips - meaning, objectives, steps, meritsand demerits. Small group discussion techniques - Lecture,symposium, panel, debate, forum, buzz group, workshop, brainstorming, seminar and conference. Mass contact methods -campaign, exhibition, Kisan Mela, Radio and Television - meaning,importance, steps, merits and demerits. Factors influencing theselection of extension teaching methods and combination (MediaMix) of teaching methods. Innovative information sources - Internet,cyber, video and tele conferences, kisan call centers, consultancyclinics, Horticultural Journalism - meaning, scope and importance,sources of news, types, merits and limitations. Diffusion and adoptionof innovations - meaning, definition, models of adoption process,innovation - decision process - elements, adopter categories andtheir characteristics, factors influencing adoption process. Capacitybuilding of extension personnel and farmers - meaning, definition,types of training, training to farmers, farm women and rural youth -FTC and KVK.Practical :Simulated exercise on communication. Identifying theproblems, fixing the priorities and selecting the most importantproblem for preparation of a project. Developing a project basedon identified problem in a selected village. Organization of groupdiscussion and method demonstration. Visit to KVK / FTC. Planningand writing of scripts for radio and television. Handling of publicaddress equipment (PAE) system, still camera, video camera andliquid crystal display (LCD) projector.c) AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

AEC 101 PRINCIPLES OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 2 (1+1)Nature and scope of economics, definition and conceptsin agricultural economics. divisions of economics, economic37

systems, approaches to the study of economics. Consumption theoryof consumer behaviour, laws of consumption, classification ofgoods. Wants - their characteristics and classification, utility and itsmeasurement, cardinal and ordinal, law of diminishing marginalutility. Theory of demand, demand schedule and curve, marketdemand. Price, income and cross elasticities. Engel's law of familyexpenditure - consumer's surplus. Law of supply supply scheduleand curve, elasticities. Theory of firm, factors of production - landand its characteristics, labour and division of labour, theories ofpopulation. Capital and its characteristics - classification and capitalformation. Enterprises - forms of business organization - meritsand demerits. Laws of return - law of diminishing marginal returns.Market equilibrium, price determination and forecasting undervarious market structures. Distribution - theories of rent, wage,interest and profit.Practicals : Study of basic concepts in economics: wants andclassification of wants. Exercise on Law of Consumption (LDMU),consumer's equilibrium, Law of demand and different types ofelasticities of demand, law of supply and elasticities of supply; studyof factors of production, forms of business organizations andvisits to business organizations. Laws of returns, exercise on costprinciple. Price determination and market equilibrium.Classification of markets / market structures and visit to markets.Theories of distribution (wages, interest and profit).AEC 301 HORTI-BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 2 (1+1)Importance of Horti-business in the Indian economy. Farmmanagement , Horti- business principles and decision making,production function, technical relationships, cost concepts, curvesand functions. Factor - product, factor - factor and product - productrelationships. Principles of opportunity cost, equi-marginal returns,comparative advantage, time value of money. Economies of scale,returns to scale. Cost of cultivation and production, break -evenanalysis, decision making under risk and uncertainty Horti businessmanagement: meaning, definition, structure and distinctive features.Management functions: planning organization, directing,38

coordination and controlling. Budgeting as a tool for planning andcontrol. Record keeping as a tool of control. Functional areas ofmanagement - operations management, materials management,personnel management, marketing management, financialmanagement. Enterprise budgeting. Project formulation andappraisal. Financial institutions - Co-operatives, commercial banksand NABARD, Horticultural markets. Functioning of WTO and itsrelated issues.Practicals: Computation of cost concepts, methods of computationof depreciation Analysis of Financial statements, Farm inventory,preparation of farm plan and budgets.Break even analysis. Application of farm managementprinciples. Study and visit to input markets, study and visit to outputmarkets - fruits, vegetables and flowers. Preparation of projects,project evaluation techniques: pay back period, NPW, BCR and IPR.IV) AGRICULTURE STATISTICS

AST 201 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS 2 (1+1)

Introduction : Definition of Statistics, its use and limitations;Frequency distribution and Frequency curves; Measures of CentralTendency: Characteristics of Ideal Average, Arithmetic Mean;Median, Mode, Merits and Demerits of Arithmetic Mean; Measures ofDispersion: Standard Deviation, Variance and Coefficient ofVariation; Probability: Definition and concept of probability; NormalDistribution and its properties; Introduction to Sampling: RandomSampling: the concept of Standard Error; Tests of significance - Typesof Errors, Null Hypothesis; Level of significance and Degrees ofFreedom, Steps involved in testing of hypothesis; Large Sample Test- SND test for Means, single Sample, Two samples (all types); SmallSample Test for Means, Student's-test for single Sample, Two Samplesand Paired t test. F test; Chi-Square Test in 2 x 2 Contingency Table,Yates' Correction for continuity; Correlation: Types of Correlationand identification through Scatter Diagram, Computation ofCorrelation Coefficient 'r' and its testing. Linear Regression: of Y on39

X and X on Y. Inter-relation between 'r' and the regression coefficients,fitting of regression equations. Experimental Designs: Basic Designs,Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Layout and analysis with equaland unequal number of observations, Randomized Block Design(RBD), Layout and analysis, Latin Square Design (LSD), Layout andanalysis, Split plot design layout and analysis.Practical:Construction of frequency distribution tables and frequencycurves. Computation of arithmetic mean for grouped and ungroupeddata. Computation of median for grouped and ungrouped data.Computation of median for grouped and ungrouped data.Computation of mode for grouped and ungrouped data. Computationof Standard Deviation, Variance and Co-efficient of variation forgrouped and ungrouped data. Probability and normal distribution.SND test for single sample mean and two sample means. Student 't'test for single sample mean and two sample means. Paired 't' test and'F' test. Chi-Square test for 2 x 2 cotingency table with YatesCorrection. Computation of correlation coefficient. Test ofsignificance for correlation coefficient. Fitting of regression equationof Y on X. Fitting of regression equation of X on Y. Analysis ofCompletely Randomized Design (CRD). Analysis of RandomizedComplete Block Design (RCBD). Analysis of Latin Square Design(LSD). Analysis of Split Plot Design.V. BASIC SCIENCES

BCH 101 PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY 2 (1+1)Biochemistry - Introduction and importance - Plant cell- cellorganelle & their biochemical (cell wall) and (its role in livestockfood and paper industries). Biomolicules - structure, and applications- Amino acids, peptides an proteins - plant proteins and their quality.Enzymes - Classification, factors affecting the velocity of enzymecatalized reactions, immobilization and its industrial applications.Importance of vitamins - coenzymes - classification and applicationin metabolism. Lipids - Industrial Uses, Acyl lipids, their applications40

in soap, detergents, paints, varnishes, lubricants, adhesives, plastics,nylon, biodiesel, biodegradable plastic manufacturing industries etc.Minerals as cofactors in enzymatic catalysis. Carbohydrates andnucleic acids - Classification and properties. Bioenergetics -difference between chemical and bioenergy and its generation,oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation. Metabolism - Basicconcepts, Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle, Pentose Phosphate Pathway,Oxidation of fatty acids. General reactions of amino acid degradation.Regulation of Metabolic Pathways. Secondary metabolities -Terpenoids, Alkaloids, Phenolics and their applications in food andpharmaceutical industries.Practical:Models of monosaccharides, sucrose, starch, cellulose andamino acids; qualitative and quantitative determination of sugars,separation of sugars and plant pigments by paper chromatography,protein denaturation - heat, pH, precipitation of proteins with heavymetals. Protein estimation by Lowry's and Biuret methods,determination of phenols, chlorophylls and carotenoids.Demonstration of enzymatic activity, enzyme immobilization,extraction of oil from seeds, determination of saponification andiodine values of soils / fats. Estimation of ascorbic acid.CSC 101 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 1 (0+1)Introduction to Computer systems - Input, Output Devices,CPU, RAM, Peripheral devices and storage devices. Different typesof computer systems - Multi-user, Local Area Networks, Wide areanetworks, Internet. Computer Hardware and Software. MS DOSand Windows Operating Systems. Problem solving procedures, flowcharts. Computer languages, compilers and interpreters.Introduction of basic language Language symbol set, variables,constants, arithmetic relational and logical operations, arithmetic,relational and logical expressions. Arithmetic statements. Inputand output statements, simple programmes in basic. Flow of control

41

statements. Subscripted variables, processing of one and twodimensional arrays.ENG-101 COMPREHENSION AND COMMUNICATIVE 1 (0+1)

SKILLS IN ENGLISH-IFunctional grammar- parts of speech (all 8 parts of speech),Tenses, Usage and applications of all 12 tenses, Vocabulary- Antonyms,Synonyms, Homophones, Homographs and other often confusedwords. Subject and verb agreement. Sequences of tenses. Voices-Active and passive voices. Question forms- Wh. Question, Yes/ NoQuestions and Tag Questions. Listening comprehension- listening toshort talks- lectures, speeches (scientific, commercial and general),listening to tape record conversations and testing listeningcomprehension. Reading comprehension- unseen passages andanalysis. Precise Writing- reading, understand and concise. Visit tolanguage lab.ENG 102 COMPREHENSION AND COMMUNICATIVE 1 (0+1)

SKILLS IN ENGLISH-IIParagraph writing-rule, form, structure. Essay and Guidedcomposition, Expansion of central idea- issue, topics, subheads.Punctuation. Question tags positive and negative. News bulletin-purposes of grammar, communicative importance, understanding theunderstated, reporting and paraphrasing. Reading and listeningcomprehension- translation, unseen passages, developing ideas in toa sequential paragraph. Public oration- general and particular usage,characteristics of good speech. Personality development, rightattitude, self confidence and body language. Literary component-poem:- " Teach Him If You Can"- Abraham Lincoln. Short story-"The Eyes Are Not Here"- Ruskin Bond. New dimensions ofcommunication- Email, social networking, Blogging, usage andimportance in inter personal communication. Report writing- socialoccasions, private occasions, corporate, general affairs, tour reportand college days such examples. Foreign Phrases.42

VI. NON-LOAD COURSES

PED 101 PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION-I 1 (0+1) NCMeaning of Physical Education, Scope and importance.Foundation of physical education: Sociological and Physiological.Tournaments and competition: Definition, types of tournaments:single Knock-out and consolation, league, combination, challenge orperpetual leader and pyramid. Physical fitness and health education.Construction and lying out of the track and field. Olympics, Asian andCommon Wealth and national games, etc. Yoga and asanas. Rules ofvarious games-football*, basketball, Kabaddi, Badminton (ball),asanas-1and table tennis (* the girls will have tennikoit and throwball).PED 102 PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION-II 1 (0+1) NCRecreation and agencies promoting recreation (Agencies,Home, Government, Voluntary and Commercial). Various types ofrecreation: Physical activities- Minor games non equipment games,social games. Learning activities: Debates, discussions, reading etc.Acquiring activities: Hobbies like collection of stamps, coins,Creative: art and craft. Recreational facilities: personal andsupervision schedule camp, picnic, social gathering, tracking rock-climbing organization of rural recreation, construction andproductive recreation. Meaning of warming up; conditioning, fatigue,oxygen debt, rest and relaxation. Effect of exercises on varioussystems of human body. Rules of various games: cricket, volley ball,hockey, or hand ball, track and field events. Kho-Kho and asanas-II.General conditioning compulsory on all days: weight, training circuittraining and calisthenics.NSS 201 NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME- I 1 (0+1) NC Introduction to National Service Scheme objectives and mottoof NSS programme Planning and development, kinds of activities inregular and special camping programmes. Aspects of NSS programme-institutional, rural and urban projects- villages/ slum adoption-organization and administrative arrangements of NSS at National,State University and college levels.43

Adult education programmes of continuing education of schooldropouts, coaching of students from economically weaker sections,organization of youth/ Clubs, discussions on eradication of socialevils like casteism, regionalism, corruption, un-touchability, etc. non-formal education of rural youth. Awareness programmes on drugabuse and AIDS- Voter awareness campaign.NSS 202 NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME- II 1 (0+1) NCEnvironmental enrichment and conservation, plantation oftrees their preservation and up keeping. Construction of rural roads,clearing of village ponds, popularization of biogas plants, preservationof soil erosion. Programmes of work during emergencies and naturalcalamities like cyclones, floods and earthquake- assisting theauthorities in distributions of rations, medicines and clothes-assistinghealth authorities in inoculation, supply of medicines etc.Reconstruction of huts, relief and rescue work.Health, family welfare and nutrition programmes, massimmunization, blood donation, integrated child development,population education- programmes aimed at creating awareness forimprovement of the status of women - production orientedprogrammes - teaching improved Horticultural / Agriculturaltechnologies, rodent control and pest management, weed control,soil testing, guidance in animal husbandry and poultry farming, animalhealth checking programmes and small savings.RHWE 401 RURAL HORTICULTURAL WORK 0+20

EXPERINCE

1. Horticultural Extension Education & project work:Extension programme planning and Execution, Leadershipin rural areas and identification of leaders to use in Extension work,participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques in efficientextension work. Extension teaching methods like: General meeting,Farm and Home visit, Group discussion, meeting, MethodDemonstration, Result Demonstration, Campaign, Farmers Training,Exhibition, Field days, Community work etc.44

2. Vegetable Science:Identifying the important commercial crops of the areas,their management practices followed by the farmers and gaps withnew technologies, identification of under exploited vegetables of thearea and creating awareness of their production potentiality,introduction of new non- traditional vegetables crops, establishmentof nutritional gardens to the villagers, commercial vegetablenurseries, possibilities for introducing high- tech vegetable productionsystem.3. Fruit Science:Identifying the important fruit crops of the areas and theirorchard layout and management, identification of problemsassociated with production protection and marketing, including postharvest management and processing. Possibilities for introducingnew fruit crops suited to the areas.4. Post Harvest Technology:Creating awareness programme of the losses due to presentpost harvest practices followed by the farmers. Storage ofcommercial horticultural produce demonstration with respect tovalue additions to the horticultural produce of the area (Jam, Jelly,Ketchup, Syrups & RTS).5. Floriculture and Landscape Architecture:Identifying the important commercial flowers crops of thearea and their production and management practices followed bythe farmers. Creating awareness for improved practices of theseflowers crops to boost production. Demonstration of landscaping tothe public premises like: schools, temples, offices etc. Possibility ofvalue addition and flower display, exhibition and flowerarrangements for the locally important flower crops.6. Medicinal and Aromatic Crops:Identifying the important medicinal and aromatic cropssuited to the area and demonstrating their production andmanagement practices creating awareness for introduction of new45

medicinal and aromatic crops suited to the area processing methodsof aromatic and medicinal crops.7. Crop Improvement and Biotechnology:High yielding varieties and hybrids of horticulture cropsgrown in the area. Introduction of latest hybrids/ varieties suited tothe area. Popularization and Demonstration of nurseries and theirmanagement with respect to vegetables, fruits and other horticulturalcrops. Advantages of tissue culture techniques and their practicalutility with respect to horticultural crops.8. Spices and Plantation Crops:Identifying the important spices and plantation crops suitedto the area and demonstrating their production and managementpractices, creating awareness for popularization of the new spicecrops and plantation crops suited to the areas for increasingproduction potentiality of these crops. Demonstrating the processingmethods of spices crops of the area to the farmer, value added productsof plantation crops and their demonstration.9. Horticultural Entomology:Identification of local pest situations and pest managementpractices; Different types of non chemical inputs used in pestmanagement, seed treatment with pesticides; Storage practices offarm produces to prevent insect damage; Local and traditionalpractices of pest management; Assessment of pest and natural enemydensities; Surveillance of pest and natural enemies, Importance ofkeeping records of purchases of the insecticides; Sources ofinformation available for plant protection practices; Preparation ofspray solutions: Calculation of spray volume; Harvesting andprocessing local plants and their products for pest managementpractices; Preparation of NSKE, vegetable oils and other plant sourcesand NPV; Use of pheromone traps for pest monitoring; Safe handlingand field release of parasites an predators; Use of nylon nets innurseries; Root feeding and/ or stem injection of pesticides;fumigants; rodent management. 46

10. Horticultural Plant Pathology:Plant disease details for major crops- a) Important diseasesand their severity b) Collection of diseased plants plant parts; Diseasemanagement practices and their frequency; Use of fungicides,bactericides, antibiotics; Different types of non-chemical inputs used;Sources of information on plant protection practices. Informationregarding storage practices; Types of sprayers/ dusters and theiravailability; Preparation of Bordeaux mixture; Cultural and biologicalmanagement of soil borne disease; seed treatment with fungicides/antibiotics; Preparation of spray solutions, proprietary fungicidesand their applications; Calculations of spray volumes requirement-preparation of NSKE and vegetable oils for spraying; Use of nylonnets in nurseries; Use of biological agents; Root feeding of fungicides;Hot water treatment and furadon or thimet application againstnematodes.11. Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry:Collection and preparation of soil and water samples foranalysis and recommendation based on results of analysis; STCR basedmethods of fertilizer application; Identification and amelioration ofsaline, sodic and acidic soils; Identification of nutrient deficiency/toxicity symptoms in crops and recommendations to rectify theproblems, Utilization of organic wastes; Integrated nutrientmanagement; Enhancement of fertilizer use efficiency, preparationof slow release fertilizer by using neem cake coated and gypsumblended urea; Scientific methods of enrichment of FYM by usingweeds, rock phosphate and micronutrients.12. Agronomy and Crop Physiology :Collection of meteorological data, production of organicmanure-selection of site for FYM/compost pit, FYM, differentmethods of compost production, vermicompost, liquid manure, oilcakes, green manuring in dryland agriculture, fertilizer managementincluding secondary and micronutrients, integrated nutrientmanagement, site specific nutrient management, integrated weed

47

management, Watershed management, soil and water conservation,integrated farming weed management, Watershed management, soiland water conservation, integrated farming system, watermanagement including micro irrigation, aerobic rice production, non-cash and low-cost inputs for crop production.Nutrient elements and their importance in growth anddevelopment of crops. Deficiency and toxicity symptoms, and theiridentification in the field and corrective measures. Foliar nutrition,plant growth regulators and their role in plant growth anddevelopment. Use of plant growth regulators in agriculture,horticulture, forestry and industry. Demonstration of use of plantgrowth regulators to induce rooting of cuttings, induction of regularflowering prevent/reduce flower and fruit drops, increase in fruitsize breaking seed, dormancy, fruit ripening. Importance of seedhardening and demonstration.13. Agricultural Economics:Introductory economic principles of practical application inmicro level problems faced by farmers in agriculture; Introductoryeconomic principles of practical application in macro level issues ofthe village economy; Cost effectiveness of different agriculturaltechnologies; Costing/Valuing inputs including natural resources usedin agriculture; Relative profitability of crops, livestock, horticulture,fishery enterprises; Risks and uncertainties involved in cultivationand marketing and mitigation strategies; Economic efficiency; Gapsin efficiency, productive and how to address them. Problem statementin lay person's terms. Problem restated in Economic terminology oreconomic parlance. The broad subject matter area which bestdescribes the economic problem (classification of the problem) Gapsbetween targets and achievement and factors facilitating. (Ex. Accessto quality inputs and markets), Solutions at farm solutions at program/policy levels. Apprising the selected farmers regarding the economicsolutions to the problems, identifies covering economic efficiency,pricing, marketing, group marketing, backward and forwardlinkages, new enterprises, synergies, diversification, risk aversionstrategies. 48

Concept of Agricultural Marketing, Significance of Marketing,Marketing functions, Physical, Exchange and facilitative, Differenttypes of Agricultural Markets, Methods of Sale of AgriculturalCommodities, APMC & their objectives, Different GovernmentScheme in Agricultural Marketing, Marketing Institutions. Gradingof Agricultural Commodities, Importance, Types, Scientific Marketingof Agricultural Commodities, Standards for Manufacture Products,Recent Advances in Agricultural Marketing.14. Seed Science and Technology :Different source of seed and their characteristics (BS, FS, CSand TL seeds). Status of Seed replacement in RAWE villages (cereals,pulse, millets and oil seed crops). Involvement of seed producingorganization in seed production. Government sector, Private sector,Co-operative sector. Techniques followed in seed production:Hybrids, High yielding varieties and vegetable crops. Post harvesttechnology followed in seed crops: Method of threshing. Method ofpre- cleaning, method of drying and packing. Analysis of post harvestlosses at various levels. Analysis of seed quality of farmers savedseed: Collection of seed from farmers, Subjecting for seed qualityparameters like; G, P, M, Result communication. Demonstration ofdifferent class of seed and their identification: Breeder seed,Foundation seed, Certified seed, Truth fully labeled seed. Visit to seedprocessing unit: Study various activities, Involving in processingoperations like grading, cleaning, storage, treating, packaging etc. Seedtreatment techniques. Seed marketing and seed distribution system.15. Agril. Engineering :Study on improved primary and secondary tillage implements,improved seed drill, seed- cum fertilizer drill, planters andtransplanters, improved intercultural implements like hoes, handweeder and ridger, high- tech plant protection equipments like,sprayers and dusters, improved sickles, harvesters and reapers;power operated winnowers, threshers, dryers, cleaners, graders andimproved storage bins, coconut climbers, coconut dehusker,groundnut decoticators, arecanut decoticators and maize sheller, soiland water conservation structures.49

16. Agirl Microbiology:Biofertilizers usage in different crops: a). Rhizobiuminoculation in leguminous crops b). Azotobacter inoculation in cerealsc). Azospiriullum inoculation in paddy and ragi d). Gluconobacterinoculation in sugarcane e). Use of phosphorus solubilizingmicroorganisms in crop production f). Azolla and its cultivation, itsimportance in agriculture and animal husbandry g). PGPRmicroorganisms, AM fungi and their importance in agriculture. Useof biofertilizers in horticulture and sericulture crops. Mushroomcultivation, fast decomposers and compost enriching microbes.Microbial bio-control agents like Trichoderma spp, pseudomonas sppand Bacillus spp.HEL 401 Experiential Learning in Horticulture 0+20The students will undergo hands on training based on theconcept of "earn while you learn" by adopting an end to end approach(production to marketing). The student will have to choose any oneprogramme out of the following three modules recommended byICAR and adopted by the University. The modules are 1. CommercialHorticulture 2. Protected Cultivation of High Value Horticulture Cropsand 3. Processing of Fruits and Vegetables for Value Addition. Theplan and sequence of the Experiential Learning programme will befinalized by the concerned college as per the production plan/ agro-climatic conditions prevailing in their region.The module wise syllabus is as follows;

1. HEL 401 Commercial Horticulture 20 (0+20)Market survey & project preparation. Hoeing and weedingof the nursery area. Raising of healthy seedlings: Preparation ofnursery bed/Filling of poly bags. Sterilization. Application of manuresand fertilizers & biofertilizers. Collection of seeds/germplasm.Treatment of seeds/cuttings propagules. Sowing/planting of seeds &cuttings. Intercultural operations like mulching, weeding, hoeing,irrigation, pinching, disbudding, de-shooting, watering, etc. Isolationdistance, inspection criteria for breeder seeds, foundation seeds,50

certified seeds and truthfully labelled seeds. Harvesting and Postharvest handling: Drying, threshing and winnowing, pre-cooling,sorting, grading, packaging & marketing of vegetables, flowers, andvegetable seeds. Documentation. Plant protection measures.Transplanting of rootstocks. Preparation of scion. Grafting/buddingof rootstocks. After care. Certification of plants. Packaging and saleof plants. Maintenance of nursery records. Working out the profits &share of profit. Report writing & Examination.2. HEL 401 Protected Cultivation of High Value 20 (0+20)

Horticulture CropsMarket survey & project preparation. Preparation of bedsand sterilization of growing media. Raising/procurement of healthynursery plants and planting, gap filling, fertigation, weeding, pinching,stalking, disbudding, etc. & plant protection. Maintenance & operationof protected structures. Harvesting and Post harvest handling: pre-cooling, sorting, grading, post harvest treatments, packaging &marketing. Documentation. Working out the profits & share of profit.Report writing and examination.3. HEL 401 Processing of Fruits and Vegetables 20 (0+20)

for Value AdditionMarket survey & project preparation. Sourcing of rawmaterials. Preparation of value added products: Juice, RTS, Squash,syrup, jam, pickle, chips, sauce, etc. Value addition to local products,utilization of ancillary products. Mushroom cultivation. Qualitycontrol: Sensory, analytical and microbial. Packaging, labelling,storage and marketing. Maintenance of records. Work out cost:benefit ratio and profit sharing. Report writing and examination.

51

SEMESTERWISE COURSE SCHEDULEI SEMESTER

Sl. Course Course Title CreditNo. No. Hours1 CSC 101 Fundamentals of Computer Science 0+12 BCH 101 Plant Biochemistry 1+13 ENG 101 Comprehension and Communicative Skills 0+1

in English- I4 PHT 101 Principles of Food Technology and Nutrition 1+05 AEX 101 Fundamentals of Rural Sociology and

Constitution of India 0+16 AEC 101 Principles of Agricultural Economics 1+17 SAC 101 Fundamentals of Soil Science 1+18 FOR 101 Introduction to Agroforestry 1+19 HRT 101 Fundamentals of Horticulture 2+110 CPH 101 Introductory Crop Physiology 1+111 PED 101 Physical & Health Education-I 0+1 (NC)

TOTAL 8+9=17II SEMESTER

Sl. Course Course Title CreditNo. No. Hours1 HET 101 Fundamentals of Entomology 1+12 HPP 101 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 1+13 CIB 102 Principles of Genetics & Cytogenetics 2+14 FLA 101 Ornamental Horticulture 2+15 VSC 101 Tropical and Subtropical Vegetables 2+16 PMA 101 Plantation and Beverage Crops 2+17 HRT 201 Plant Propagation & Nursery Management 1+18 AMB 201 Soil and Applied Microbiology 2+19 ENG 102 Comprehension and Communicative Skills 0+1

in English- II10 PED 102 Physical & Health Education- II 0+1 (NC)

TOTAL 13+9=22III SEMESTER

Sl. Course Course Title CreditNo. No. Hours1 FLA 201 Principles of Landscape Architecture 0+12 AGR 201 Agricultural Meteorology and Water Management 2+1

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3 CIB 201 Principles & Methods of Plant Breeding 2+14 AEX 201 Fundamentals of Extension Education and Rural 1+1

Development

5 FSC 201 Tropical and Sub- Tropical Fruits 2+16 VSC 201 Temperate Vegetables and Tuber Crops 2+17 ENS 101 Environmental Science 1+18 AEG 201 Surveying, Soil & Water Conservation Techniques 0+19 SAC 201 Soil and Plant Analysis 1+110 PMA 201 Spices and Condiments 1+111 NSS 201 National Service Scheme- I 0+1 (NC)

TOTAL 12+10=22IV SEMESTER

Sl. Course Course Title Credit

No. No. Hours1 CPH 201 Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops 1+12 AST 201 Agricultural Statistics 1+13 FSC 202 Temperate, Arid and Minor Fruits 1+14 HET 201 Principles of Pest Management and Bee Keeping 1+15 FLA 202 Commercial Floriculture 2+16 HPP 201 Diseases of Fruits, Plantation & Spice Crops 2+17 PMA 202 Medicinal Crops 2+18 AGR 101 Major Field Crops 1+19 CIB 101 Introduction to Plant Biotechnology 1+110 NSS 202 National Service Scheme- II 0+1 (NC)

TOTAL 12+9=21V SEMESTER

Sl. Course Course Title Credit

No. No. Hours1 HPP 301 Diseases of Vegetables, Ornamental, Medicinal

and Aromatic Crops 2+12 AEX 301 Communication and Transfer of Technology 1+1

3 CIB 301 Principles of Seed Production in Horticulture Crops 1+1

4 VSC 301 Breeding and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops 2+1

5 PHT 201 Post-Harvest Management of Horticulture Produce 2+1

6 PMA 302 Aromatic Crops 2+1

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7 HET 301 Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal andAromatic Crops 2+1

8 AEG 202 Farm Power, Machinery & Processing Equipments 1+1TOTAL 13+08=21

VI SEMESTER

Sl. Course Course Title Credit

No. No. Hours1 HET 302 Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental & Spice Crops 1+12 SAC 301 Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management 1+13 FLA 301 Breeding and Seed Production of Ornamental Crops 1+14 FLA 302 Protected Cultivation 0+15 FSC 301 Breeding of Fruit Crops 1+16 HRT 301 Experimental Techniques in Horticulture 0+17 PMA 301 Breeding of Spices and Plantation Crops 1+18 PHT 301 Processing of Horticulture Produce 2+19 AEC 301 Horti- Business Management 1+110 AGR 202 Organic Farming of Horticulture Crops 1+111 HST 301 State Study Tour 0+1 (NC)

TOTAL 9+10=19VII SEMESTER

Sl. Course Course Title Credit

No. No. Hours1 HEL 401 Experiential Learning in Horticulture 20

TOTAL 20VIII SEMESTER

Sl. Course Course Title Credit

No. No. Hours1 RHWE 401 Rural Horticultural Work Experience 202 HST 401 All India Study Tour 0+1 (NC)

TOTAL 20GRAND TOTAL 162 + 06 (NC)

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