university of alabama patent for renewable energy

Upload: nazi-sweet

Post on 04-Jun-2018

217 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    1/26

    US008577508B2

    ( 1 2 ) Ulllted States Patent ( 1 0 ) P a t e n t N 0 . : U S 8 , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2L i e t a ] . ( 4 5 ) Date o f P a t e n t : Nov. 5 , 2013

    ( 5 4 ) CONVERTERCONTROLOF USPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0 0 / 2 8 7 ; 7 0 0 / 2 8 6 ; 7 0 0 / 9 0 ; 3 2 2 / 4 4 ;VARIABLE-SPEED WIND URBINES 3 2 2 / 4 3 ; 3 2 2 / 2 0 ; 2 9 0 / 2 ; 2 9 0 / 4 4 ; 3 2 3 / 2 8 358 F i e l d o f C l a s s i ? c a t i o n Search

    ( 7 5 ) I n v e n t o r s l ShuhuiLi,TuSCa1OOSa,AL(U ); ( ) USPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0 0 / 2 8 6 ; 290/2443 2 3 m b ) A - H a s k e w , N o r t h p o n s AL S e e a p p l i c a t i o n ? l e f o r c o m p l e t e s e a r c h h i s t o r y .( 7 3 ) A s s ig n e e : U n i v e r s i t y o f A l a b a m a , T u s c a l o s s a , AL ( 5 6 ) R e f e r e n c e s C it e d

    ( U S ) US. PATENT DOCUMENTS( * ) Notice: Subject t o any disclaimer, the ter m ofthis 5 , 2 5 2 , 0 2 9 A * 1 0 / 1 9 9 3 Barnes , , , , , , , , , , 416 /142

    p a t e n t i s extended o r a d j u s t e d under 35 5 , 6 5 2 , 4 8 5 A 7 / 1 9 9 7 s p i e g e l e t a 1 ~ 3 1 8 / 1 4 7U_S_C_ 1 5 4 ( 1 ) ) by 880 d a y s _ 5 , 7 9 8 , 6 3 1 A 8 / 1 9 9 8 s p e e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 2 2 / 2 56,118,678 A * 9/2000 Limpaecher e t a l . . . 36 3/6 0

    6,765,315 B2 7/2004 Hammerstrom . . . . . . . . . .. 307/66( 2 1 ) APPLNO-Z 12/532,890 6 , 9 7 2 , 9 7 2 B2 1 2 / 2 0 0 5 Duncan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 3 / 5 0_ 7,042,110 B2* 5/2006 Mikhail e t a l . 2 9 0 / 4 4( 2 2 ) PCT i l e d : May , 2008 7 , 2 0 5 , 6 7 6 B2 4 / 2 0 0 7 I c h i n o s e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 / 4 4

    7 ,2 33,12 9 B2* 6 / 2 0 0 7 Erdman t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2 / 17( 8 6 ) PCT o . 2 PCT/US2008/062641 ( C o n t i n u e d )

    3 7 1 ( C X D OTHER UBLICATIONS( 2 ) , ( 4 ) D a t e : N o v . 3 , 2 0 0 9A b o - K h a l i l , A . ; a n d L e e , D . - C . , D C - L i n k C o p a c i t a n c e E s t i m a t i o n i n( 8 7 ) PCT P u b N O : W02008/137836 AC/DC/AC PWM o n v e r t e r s U s i n g V o l t a g e I n j e c t i o n , S e p . / O c t .

    PCT u b D a t e ; No 3 , 2008 2 0 0 8 , IEEE T r a n s a c t i o n s o n I n d u s t r y A p p l i c a t i o n s , v o l . 4 4 , N o . 5 . *( 6 5 ) P r i o r P u b l i c a t i o n D a t a (Commued)

    Us 010/0109328 A1 May , 2010 Primary Examiner ohammad l iR t d U A l _ t _ D A s s i s t a n t E x a m ine r i Kelvin Booker

    e a e PP ea Ion a a (74 ) AZZ0rney,Agenl, orFirm eunierCarlin Curfman,( 6 0 ) P r o v i s i o n a l a p p l i c a t i o n N o . 6 0 / 9 1 6 , 0 0 7 , ? l e d o n May LLC4 , 2 0 0 7 .

    ( 5 7 ) ABSTRACT( 5 1 ) I n t . C l .G05D / 1 2 ( 2 0 0 6 0 1 ) Embodiments a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n p r o v i d eH021 9 / 0 0 (200601) methods a n d a s y s t e m f o r a c o n t r o l a p p r o a c h t h a t e f f e c t i v e l yF03D / 0 0 (200601) m a i n t a i n s t h e DC i n k v o l t a g e a t a c o n s t a n t s e t v a l u e underH02M / 1 5 6 ( 2 0 0 6 0 1 ) v a r i a b l e s y s t e m c o n d i t i o n s a n d k e e p s t h e c o n v e rt e r o p e r a t i n g

    ( 5 2 ) U s _ C ] _ W i t h i n an o p t i m a l poWer f a c t o r r a n g e .CPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . H02M3/156 2013.01); YOZE 0 / 7 6 3

    ( 2 0 1 3 . 0 1 ) 8 C l a i m s , 1 5 Drawing S h e e t s

    F

    G e n e r a t o r C o n v e r t e r G r i d@

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    2/26

    US 8 , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2P a g e 2

    ( 5 6 ) R e f e r e n c e s C i t e dU . S . PATENTDOCUMENTS

    7,321,221 B2 1 / 2008 Bucker t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 2 / 4 47 , 3 3 9 , 3 5 5 B2 * 3/2008 Erdman t a l . 322/297, 4 1 7, 3 3 3 B2 8 /2 0 0 8 Miller e t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 / 4 47, 4 3 2, 6 8 6 B2 10 /2 0 0 8 Erdman t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 2 / 4 47 , 4 7 1 , 0 0 7 B2 * 12/2008 Bucker e t a l . 290/447,518,257 B2 4 /200 9 Guey t a l . . . 2 90 /447 , 5 3 5 , 1 2 0 B2 * 5/2009 Erdman t a l . 307/477 ,6 2 9 ,7 0 5 B2 12/2009 Barker t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290/557 , 8 3 0 , 1 2 7 B2 * 11/2010 C o r c e l l e s P e r e i r a e t a l . 322/247, 88 1 , 07 9 B2 2 / 20 1 1 Pra s a d e t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 3 / 3 98 , 0 0 8 , 7 9 3 B2 * 8 / 2 0 1 1 Andresen 290/448,030,791 B2 10 /2 0 11 Lang t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 / 4 48, 1 1 6 , 9 1 4 B2 2 /2 0 12 Oohara t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0 0 /2 8 78,350,397 B28,368,238 B22003/0006745 A1 *

    1/2013 Lang e t a l . . .2 / 2 0 1 3 Yasugi t a l . . . . . . . . . .1 / 2003 H a m m e r s t r o m t a l

    2 9 0 / 4 42 9 0 / 4 4

    . 323/2832005/001233 9 A1* 1/2005 Mikhail e t a l . . 2 90 /442005/0122083 A1* 6/2005 Erd m an e t a l . . 322/202006/0163881 A1* 7/2006 Bucker e t a l . . . 2 90 /442006/0244265 A1 * 11/2006 I c h i n o s e e t a l . 290/442007/0187955 A1* 8/2007 Erd m an e t a l . . 2 90 /442008/0007121 A1* 1/2008 Erd m an e t a l . . 307/472008/0018309 A1* 1/2008 Erd m an e t a l . . 322/202008/0069692 A1* 3/2008 Oohara e t a l . . 416 /312 0 0 8 / 0 0 9 3 8 5 3 A1* 4 / 2 0 0 8 B ark er e t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 / 4 42008/0093854 A1 4 / 2 0 0 8 Bucker t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 / 4 42008/0106098 A1 * 5 / 2 0 0 8 M i l l e r e t a l . 2 9 0 / 4 42008/0129050 A1* 6 / 2 0 0 8 Guey t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 / 4 32008/0150285 A1 * 6 / 2 0 0 8 C o r c e l l e s P e r e i r a e t a l . 2 9 0 / 4 42 0 0 8 / 0 1 6 4 6 9 7 A1* 7 /2 0 0 8 Schram t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 / 4 42008/0238108 A1* 1 0 / 2 0 0 8 Edelson t a l . 290/40 C2 0 0 9 / 0 1 8 7 2 8 2 A1* 7 /2 0 0 9 Menke t a l . . . 7 0 0 /2 8 72 0 0 9 / 0 2 3 7 9 6 3 A1 * 9 / 2 0 0 9 P r a s a d e t a l . 3 6 3 / 4 020 10 /0025 995 A1* 2/ 201 0 Lang t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 / 4 42 0 1 0 / 0 1 0 9 4 4 7 A1* 5 /2 0 10 Achilles e t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 7 / 1 5 32011/0018270 A1 *2011/0057444 A1 * 1 / 2 0 1 1 C o r c e l l e s P e r e i r a e t a l . 290/443/2011 Daiet l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/442011/0156388 A1 * 6 / 2 0 1 1 Y a s u g i e t a l . 2 9 0 / 4 42011/0316490 A1 * 1 2 / 2 0 1 1 Lang t a l . 3 2 2 / 2 12012/0056602 A1 * 3 / 2 0 1 2 L i e t a l . 3 2 2 / 8 92 0 1 2 / 0 1 1 2 5 5 1 A1* 5 /2 0 12 Li e t a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7 /8 2

    OTHERPUBLICATIONSA g r a w a l , A . K . ; M u n s h i , B . ; a n d K a y a l , S . , S t u d y o f Wind u r b i n eD r i v e n DFIG s i n g AC/DC/AC C o n v e r t e r , 2 0 0 9 , T h e s i s f o r Bache l o r o f T e c h n o l o g y i n E l e c t r i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g a t D e p a r t m e n t o f E l e ct r i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e o f T e c h n o l o g y , R o u r k e l a . *M a l i n o w s k i , M . ; a n d B e r n e t , S . , S i m p l e C o n t r o l Scheme o f T h r e eL e v e l PWM o n v e r t e r C o n n e c t i n g Wind u r b i n e w i t h G r i d , 2 0 0 4 ,N o r d i c Wind Power C o n f e r e n c e , G o t b o r g , S w e d e n . *P a r k , H . - G . ; L e e , D . - C . ; a n d K i m , H . - G . , C o s t - E f f e c t i v e C o n v e r t e r sf o r M i c r o Wind u r b i n e S y s t e m s U s i n g PMSG, A p r . 2 0 0 8 , J o u r n a lo f Power E l e c t r o n i c s , v o l . 8 , N o . 2 . *P e n a , R . S . ; C a r d e n a s , R . J . ; C l a r e , J . C . ; a n d A s h e r , G . M . , C o n t r o lS t r a t e g i e s f o r B o l t a g e C o n t r o l o f a B o o s t T y p e PWM o n v e r t e r ,2 0 0 1 , 2 0 0 1 IEEE Power E l e c t r o n i c s S p e c i a l i s t C o n f e r e n c e , v o l . 2 ,p p . 7 3 0 - 7 3 5 . *S o n g , S . - H . ; K a n g , S . - I . ; a n d H a h m , N . - K . , I m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n dC o n t r o l o f G r i d ConnectedAC-DC-AC ower C o n v e r t e r f o r V a r i a b l eS p e e d Wind E n e r g y C o n v e r s i o n S y s t e m , F e b . 2 0 0 3 , E i g h t A n n u a lIEEE p p l i e d Power l e c t r o n i c s C o n f e r e n c e a n d E x p o s i t i o n , v o l . 1 ,p p . 1 5 4 - 1 5 8 . *V e l p u r i , A . N . ; H e s s , H . L . ; L a w , JD; C e g n a r , E . J . ; a n d M u l j a d i , E . ,AC/DC/AC C o n v e r t e r M o d u l a t i o n S t r a t e g y With N a t u r a l Z e r oS e q u e n c e R e j e c t i o n U s i n g O n l y O n e S i x - S w i t c h I n v e r t e r M o d u l e ,May 0 0 7 , IEEE I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e on l e c t r i c Machines andD r i v e s 2 0 0 7 , v o l . 2 , p p . 1 2 2 6 - 1 2 3 3 . *W e i s s , G . ; Z h o n g , Q . - C . ; G r e e n , T . ; a n d L i a n g , J . , H r e p e t i t i v eC o n t r o l o f DC-AC C o n v e r t e r s i n M i c r o - g r i d s , D e c . 2 0 0 2 , IEEEConference on Decision and C o n t r o l . *

    Xu . ; and L u o , Z . A Novel AC-DC o n v e r t e r f o r PMSG a r i a b l eS p e e d Wind n e r g y C o n v e r s i o n S y s t e m , May 0 0 9 , IEEE h I n t e rn a t i o n a l Power E l e c t r o n i c s and Motion C o n t r o l C o n f e r e n c e . *R a j u , A . B . ; C h a t t e r j e e , K . ; a n d F e r n a n d e s , B . G . , A S i m p l e M a x imum ower P o i n t T r a c k e r f o r G r i d Connected a r i a b l e Speed WindE n e r g y C o n v e r s i o n System With Reduced w i t c h Count Power Conv e r t e r s , J u n . 2 0 0 3 , IEEE 4 h A n n u a l Power E l e c t r o n i c s S p e c i a l i s tC o n f e r e n c e , v o l . 2 , p p . 7 4 8 - 7 5 3 . *B a g g u , M . M . , A d v a n c e d C o n t r o l T e c h n i q u e s f o r D o u b l y FEDI n d u c t i o n G e n e r a t o r - B a s e d Wind T u r b i n e C o n v e r t e r s t o ImproveLow o l t a g e R i d e - T h r o u g h D u r i n g S y s t e m I m b a l a n c e s , 2 0 0 9 , D i ss e r t a t i o n f o r D o c t o r o f P h i l o s o p h y i n E l e c t r i a l E n g i n e e r i n g , M i s s o u r iU n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y . *D o n g , D . , M o d e l i n g a n d C o n t r o l D e s i g n o f B i d i r e c t i o n a l PWMC o n v e r t e r f o r S i n g l e - P h a s e E n e r g y S y s t e m s , May 0 0 9 , T h e s i s f o rM a s t e r o f S c i e n c e i n E l e c t r i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g a t V i r g i n i a P o l y t e c h n i cI n s t i t u t e a n d S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y . *K u l k a , A . , S e n s o r l e s s D i g i t a l C o n t r o l o f G r i d C o n n e c t e d T h r e eP h a s e C o n v e r t e r s f o r Renewable S o u r c e s , M a r . 2 0 0 9 , T h e s i s f o rD e g r e e o f P h i l o s o p h i a e D o c t o r , D e p a r t m e n t o f l e c t r i c P o w e r E n g in e e r i n g , N o r w e g i a n U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y . *I n t e r n a t i o n a l P r e l i m i n a r y R e p o r t o n P a t e n t a b i l i t y i s s u e d N o v . 1 0 ,2009 f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l A p p l i c a t i o n N o . PCT/U 2008/ 62641 ? l e d onMay , 2008 and p u b l i s h e d a s WO/2008/137836 on N o v . 1 3 , 2008( A p p l i c a n t i U n i v e r s i t y o f Alabama I n v e n t o r s i L i e t a l . ) ( 4 p a g e s ) .I n t e r n a t i o n a l S e a r c h R e p o r t a n d W r i t t e n O p i n i o n i s s u e d A u g . 8 , 2 0 0 8f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l A p p l i c a t i o n N o . PCT/US2008/062641 ? l e d o n May5,2008 and u b l i s h e d a s WO/2008/137836 o n N o v . 1 3 , 2008 ( A p p l ic a n t i U n i v e r s i t y of A l a b a m a / I n v e n t o r s i L i e t a l . ) ( 5 p a g e s ) .Ackermann T a n d S o d e r L . , An Overview o f Wind E n e r g y - S t a t u s2 0 0 2 , Renew S u s t a i n E n e r g y R e v . , v o l . 6 , N o . 1 - 2 , p p . 6 7 - 1 2 8 ,F e b . / A p r . 2 0 0 2 .D u a r t e J L , e t a l . , R e f e r e n c e F r a m e s F i t f o r C o n t r o l l i n g PWM e c t i? e r s , IEEE T r a n s . I n d . E l e c t r o n . , v o l . 4 6 , N o . 3 , p p . 6 2 8 - 6 3 0 , J u n .1 9 9 9 .GE ind E n e r g y . GE ind T u r b i n e B r o ch u r e s , 6 2 p a g e s , J a n . 1 2 ,2 0 1 2 .H a n s e n , AD, t a l . , O v e r a l l C o n t r o l S t r a t e g y o f a r i a b l e S p e e d Doub l y - F e d I n d u c t i o n G e n e r a t o r Wind u r b i n e , i n G r i d i n t e g r a t i o n ande l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m s o f i n d t u r b i n e s and i n d a r m s ( C D - R O A / I ) , Nord i c Wind Power C o n f e r e n c e 2 0 0 4 , C h a l m e r s U n i v e r s i t y o f T e c h n o lo g y , G o t e b o r g , S w e d e n , 7 p a g e s , M a r . 1 - 2 , 2 0 0 4 .H a n s e n LH, e t a l . , C o n ce p t u a l S u r v e y o f G e n e r a t o r s a n d PowerE l e c t r o n i c s f o r Wind u r b i n e s , R i s e N a t i o n a l L a b o r a t o r y , R o s k i l d e ,D e n m a r k , T e c h . R e p . R i s y a - R - 1 2 0 5 ( E N ) , ISBN 8 7 - 5 5 0 - 2 7 4 3 - 8 , 1 0 8p a g e s , Dec. 2 0 0 1 .H o p f e n s p e r g e r B , e t a l . , S t a t o r F l u X O r i e n t e d C on t r o l o f a CascadedD o u b l y - F e d I n d u c t i o n M a c h i n e , IEE r o c . E l e c t r Power p p l , v o l .1 4 6 , N o . 6 , p p . 5 9 7 - 6 0 5 , N o v . 1 9 9 9 .K a Z a c h k o v YA, e t a l . , M o d e l i n g Wind F a r m s f o r Power S y s t e mS t a b i l i t y S t u d i e s , i n P r o c e e d i n g s o f 2 0 0 3 IEEE PES G e n e r a l Meeti n g , T o r o n t o , C a n a d a , p p . 1 5 2 6 - 1 5 3 3 , J u l . 1 3 - 1 7 , 2 0 0 3 .K l i n g WL n d S l o o t w e g J G , Wind T u r b i n e s a s Power P l a n t s , i nP r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e I E E E / C i g r w o r k s h o p o n W i n d Power and t h eI m p a c t s o n Power y s t e m s , O s l o , N o r w a y , 7 p a g e s , J u n . 1 7 - 1 8 , 2 0 0 2 .L i S a n d Haskew , A n a l y s i s o f D e c o u p l e d d - q V e c t o r C o n t r o l i nDFIG B a c k - t o - B a c k PWM o n v e r t e r , i n IEEE Power E n g i n e e r i n gS o c i e t y G e n e r a l M e e t i n g , T a m p a , F L , USA, 7 p a g e s , 2 0 0 7 .L i S a n d Haskew , T r a n s i e n t a n d S t e a d y - S t a t e S i m u l a t i o n S t u d y o fD e c o u p l e d d - q V e c t o r C o n t r o l i n PWM o n v e r t e r o f a r i a b l e S p e e dWind u r b i n e s , T h e 3 3 r d A n n u a l C o n f e r e n c e o f h e IEEE n d u s t r i a lE l e c t r o n i c s S o c i e t y ( I E C O N ) , T a i p e i , T a i w a n , 8 p a g e s , N o v . 5 - 8 ,2 0 0 7 .L i S a n d S i n h a S , A i m u l a t i o n S t u d y o f D o u b l e - F e d I n d u c t i o nG e n e r a t o r f o r Wind E n e r g y C o n v e r s i o n U s i n g P S p i c e , i n P r o c e e di n g s o f 0 0 6 IEEEPES e n e r a l M e e t i n g , M o n t r e a l , Q u e b e c , C a n a d a ,p p . 1 - 8 , J u n . 1 8 - 2 2 , 2 0 0 6 .Meirhaeghe P V , Double Fed I n d u c t i o n M a c h i n e : a EUROSTAGM o d e l , T r a c t e b e l E n g i n e e r i n g , 8 p a g e s , 2 0 0 3 .M i l l e r N W, e t a l . , Dynamic M o d e l i n g o f GE . 5 a n d 3 . 6 WindT u r b i n e - G e n e r a t o r s , V e r s i o n 3 . 0 , GE ower S y s t e m s , 3 1 p a g e s , O c t .2 7 , 2 0 0 3 .

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    3/26

    US 8 , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2P a g e 3

    ( 5 6 ) R e f e r e n c e s C i t e dOTHERPUBLICATIONS

    M o r e l L , e t a l . , D o u b l e - F e d I n d u c t i o n M a c h i n e : C o n v e r t e r O p t i m iZ a t i o n and i e l d O r i e n t e d C o n t r o l w i t h o u t P o s i t i o n S e n s o r , IEE r o c .E l e c t r . PoWerAppL, o l . 1 4 5 , N o . 4 , p p . 3 6 0 - 3 6 8 , J u l . 1 9 9 8 .N o r d e X . NordeX Wind u r b i n e B r o c h u r e s , 3 8 p a g e s , J a n . 1 2 , 2 0 1 2 .P e n a R , e t a l . , D o u b l y F e d I n d u c t i o n G e n e r a t o r U s i n g B a c k - t o - B a c kPWM o n v e r t e r s a n d i t s A p p l i c a t i o n t o V a r i a b l e - S p e e d Wind-Ene r g y G e n e r a t i o n , IEE r o c . E l e c t r PoWerAppL, o l . 1 4 3 , N o . 3 , p p .2 3 1 - 2 4 1 , May 1 9 9 6 .S l o o t w e g J G , e t a l . , G e n e r a l M o d e l f o r R e p r e s e n t i n g V a r i a b l e S p e e dWind u r b i n e s i n Power y s t e m Dynamics i m u l a t i o n s , IEEE r a n s .o n Power y s t . , v o l . 1 8 , N o . 1 , p p . 1 4 4 - 1 5 1 , F e b . 2 0 0 3 .T h i r i n g e r T , e t a l . , G r i d D i s t u r b a n c e R e s p o n s e o f Wind T u r b i n e sE q u i p p e d w i t h I n d u c t i o n G e n e r a t o r a n d D o u b l y - F e d I n d u c t i o n Gen

    e r a t o r , i n P r o c e e d i n g s o f 2 0 0 3 IEEE PES G e n e r a l M e e t i n g , T o r o n t o ,C a n a d a , 6 p a g e s , J u l . 1 3 - 1 7 , 2 0 0 3 .U s a o l a J a n d Ledesma P , T r a n s i e n t S t a b i l i t y S t u d i e s in G r i d s w i t hG r e a t Wind Power P e n e t r a t i o n : M o d e l i n g I s s u e s a n d O p e r a t i o nR e q u i r e m e n t s , i n P r o c e e d i n g s o f 2 0 0 3 IEEE PES G e n e r a l M e e t i n g ,T o r o n t o , C a n a d a , p p . 1 - 8 , J u l . 1 3 - 1 7 , 2 0 0 3 .V e s t a s . V e s t a s Wind u r b i n e b r o c h u r e s , 1 3 2 p a g e s , J a n . 1 2 , 2 0 1 2 .Wang a n d D i n g Y , S t a b i l i t y A n a l y s i s o f F i e l d O r i e n t e d D o u b l y - F e dI n d u c t i o n Machine D r i v e Based on Computer S i m u l a t i o n , E l e c t r i cM a c h i n e s and Power y s t e m s , v o l . 2 1 , N o . 1 , p p . 1 1 - 2 4 , 1 9 9 3 .X u L and Wei C , T o r q u e and e a c t i v e Power C o n t r o l o f Doubly FedI n d u c t i o n Machine by o s i t i o n S e n s o r l e s s S c h e m e , IEEE r a n s . I n d .A p p l . , v o l . 3 1 , N o . 3 , p p . 6 3 6 - 6 4 2 , M a y / J u n . 1 9 9 5 .* c i t e d by examiner

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    4/26

    US. Patent N o v . 5 , 2 0 1 3 S h e e t 1 0 f 1 5 US , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2

    e e n e m m c o n v f r r e r G r i d@ @ { i niC O N T R O L

    UF I G . 1 A

    Genemror

    C O n V e p - r e r ,

    F I G . 1 5

    G r i d

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    5/26

    US. Patent N o v . 5 , 2 0 1 3 S h e e t 2 0 f 1 5 US , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2

    I I IU d c , / - 1 d r / Vc

    : P :U = P r+ D C - / V o 1 t a g e + _ /

    c o m - I 0 1 C o n v e r t e rC u r r e n t C o n t r o l( S l o w e r c o n t r o lI ) ( F a s t c o n t r o l0 0 p I l o o p )I r / _ Vcq

    > P =_/

    +

    F I G . 2

    UU d c , r / _ V6

    7 F V+ _/

    R e a c t i v e PowerD C - l i n k V o l t a g ef 1 , C o n t r o l s l o g : 1 5 3 3 m ll a s c o n t r o 1 0 o p ) / V c dre _ > F :J

    +

    F I G . 3

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    6/26

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    7/26

    U S . P a t e n t

    TY\ Y\__. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

    US 8 , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2

    G r i o - s i d e c o n v e r t e r r e p r e s e n t a t i o n a n d e q u i v a l e n t c i r c u i t

    Q J n v e r t e re do w a a b s a b e dr o m t t e g i dp . u

    F I G . 6

    Vcd

    U

    G r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e r r e a l power c h a r a c t e r i s t i c sF I G . 7A

    Phase

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    8/26

    US. Patent N o v . 5 , 2 0 1 3 S h e e t 5 0 f 1 5 US , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2

    Vcdc q

    02

    O14

    C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f r e a c t i v e power absorbed from t h e g r i dF I G . 7B

    5 ..113 9E E S2 9o o t

    VcdcqA m p l i t u d e o f t h e i n j e c t e d v o l t a g e t o t h e g r i d b y g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e r

    F I G . 7C

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    9/26

    N o v . 5 , 2 0 1 3 S h e e t 6 0 f 1 5 US , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B 2

    w0 E

    U S . P a t e n t

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    10/26

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    11/26

    US. Patent N o v . 5 , 2 0 1 3 S h e e t 8 0 f 1 5 US , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2

    D C l i n k v o l t a g e by c o n t r o l approach a c c o r d i n g t o a n embodiment o f t h ep r e s e n t i n v e n t i o nF I G . 10A

    D C i n k v o l t a g e a c c o r d i n g t o t h e c o n v e n t i o n a l c o n t r o l approachF I G . 10B

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    12/26

    US. Patent N o v . 5 , 2 0 1 3 S h e e t 9 0 f 1 5 US , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2

    I

    R e a l and r e a c t i v e power absorbed f r o m t h e g r i d by c o n t r o l approachaccording t o an embodiment o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n

    F I G . 100

    R e a l and r e a c t i v e power absorbed f r o m t h e g r i d v o l t a g e by c o n v e n t i o n a lc o n t r o l a p p r o a c hF I G . 1 0D

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    13/26

    US. Patent N o v . 5 , 2 0 1 3 S h e e t 1 0 0 f 1 5 US , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2

    15

    4=0.04 .u.

    Vcd p . u . )

    35

    - 1 . 5

    cd ( p . u . )

    F I G S . 11A and 11B

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    14/26

    US. Patent N o v . 5 , 2 0 1 3 S h e e t 1 1 0 f 1 5 US , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2

    Mo-R=0.001 . u .

    acVcq ( p . u . )on

    25

    20

    My)

    2 3 :5 a8 2

    1.5. 5O.51.5Vcq ( p . u . )

    F I G S . 12A and 12B

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    15/26

    US. Patent N o v . 5 , 2 0 1 3 S h e e t 1 2 0 f 1 5 US , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2

    R e a lo w e rp . u . )

    F I G S . 13A and 1 3B

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    16/26

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    17/26

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    18/26

    US. Patent N o v . 5 , 2 0 1 3 S h e e t 1 5 0 f 1 5 US , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B2

    E 2 60 8 0 M

    8 5 E8 1 9 2 .

    m m ?T

    U2 63 5

    @ 0 6 0 2H1 L: 5 5 0o m m o o o h mI VO b6 5 0 m

    N No w

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    19/26

    US 8 , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B21

    CONVERTER CONTROLOFVARIABLE-SPEED WIND TURBINESCROSS-REFERENCETO RELATED

    APPLICATION

    T h i s a p p l i c a t i o n c l a i m s b e n e ? t o f a n d p r i o r i t y t o US . r ov i s i o n a l p a t e n t a p p l i c a t io n S e r . N o . 6 0 / 9 1 6 , 0 0 7 , ? l e d May ,2 0 0 7 , W h i c h i s f u l l y i n c o r p o r a t e d h e r e i n b y r e f e r e n c e a n dm a d e a p a r t h e r e o f .

    BACKGROUND1 . F i e l d o f t h e I n v e n t i o nT h i s i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s g e n e r a l l y t o c o n t r o l s y s t e m s and

    more s p e c i ? c a l l y t o c o n v e r t e r c o n t r o l o f v a r i a b l e - s p e e d Windt u r b i n e s .

    2 . B a c k g r o u n dWind p o W e r i s t o d a y s m o s t r a p i d l y g r o w i n g r e n e W a b l e

    e n e r g y s o u r c e . L a r g e - s c a l e Wind g e n e r a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s h a v eb ec om e a v e r y v i s i b l e component of t h e i n t e r c o n n e c t e dpoWer r i d in many o r t i o n s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d a r o u n dt h e W o r l d . Wind u r b i n e s can o p e r a t e a t e i t h e r ?xed s p e e d o rv a r i a b l e s p e e d . F o r a ? x e d - s p e e d Wind u r b i n e , t h e g e n e r a t o ri s d i r e c t l y c o n n e c t e d t o t h e e l e c t r i c a l g r i d . F o r a v a r i a b l es p e e d W i n d t u r b i n e , t h e g e n e r a t o r i s c o n t r o l l e d b y p o W e re l e c t r o n i c e q u i p m e n t . The t W o most-common a r i a b l e s p e e dWind t u r b i n e s a r e Wind t u r b i n e s t h a t use d i r e c t - d r i v e n sync h r o n o u s g e n e r a t o r s (DDSG) o r d o u b l e - f e d i n d u c t i o n gene r a t o r s ( D F I G ) . F o r b o t h o f t h e m , a f r e q u e n c y c o n v e r t e r s u c ha s a p u l s e - W i d t h m o d u l a t i o n (PWM) AC/DC/AC f r e q u e n c yc o n v e r t e r i s c o n n e c t e d b e t W e e n t h e g r i d a n d t h e g e n e r a t o r .FIG. 1A l l u s t r a t e s an e m b o d i m e n t o f an AC/DC/AC conv e r t e r i n modern a r i a b l e - s p e e d s y n c h r o n o u s g e n e r a t o r Windt u r b i n e , and F I G . 1 B l l u s t r a t e s an embodiment of anAC/ C/AC o n v e r t e r i n v a r i a b l e - s p e e d DFIG ind t u r b i n e . For aDDSG ind u r b i n e , t h e c o n v e r t e r i s c o n n e c t e d betWeen h eg e n e r a t o r and h e g r i d , a s shoWn n F I G . 1 A , and o r t h e DFIGWind t u r b i n e , t h e c o n v e r t e r i s c o n n e c t e d betWeen t h e r o t o rc i r c u i t and t h e g r i d a s shoWn i n F I G . 1 B .A o u b l y - f e d i n d u c t i on g e n e r a t o r i s a s t a n d a r d , Wound

    r o t o r i n d u c t i o n machine i t h i t s s t a t o r W i n d i n g s d i r e c t l y conn e c t e d t o t h e g r i d a n d i t s r o t o r W i n d i n g s c o n n e c t e d t o t h e g r i dt h r o u g h a n AC/DC/AC f r e q u e n c y c o n v e r t e r ( F I G . 1 B ) . I nmodern DFIG d e s i g n s , t h e f r e q u e n c y c o n v e r t e r i s c o m p r i s e dof tWo self-commutated PWM o n v e r t e r s , a machine-sidec o n v e r t e r and a g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e r , With an i n t e r m e d i a t e DCv o l t a g e l i n k . The c o n v e r t e r c o n n e c t e d t o t h e i n d u c t i o n r o t o rc i r c u i t i s t h e machine-side c o n v e r t e r , and t h e c o n v e r t e r conn e c t e d t o t h e g r i d i s t h e g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e r . T r a d i t i o n a l l y ,e a c h o f t h e s e tWo PWM o n v e r t e r s i s c o n t r o l l e d by u s i n gd e c o u p l e d d - q c o n t r o l a p p r o a c h e s , a s a r e knoWn i n t h e a r t .B a s i c a l l y , t h e m a c h i n e - s i d e c o n v e r t e r c o n t r o l s t h e r e a l andr e a c t i v e poWer r o d u c t i o n o f t h e i n d u c t i o n m a c h i n e , a n d t h eg r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e r c o n t r o l s t h e d c - li n k v o l t a g e and h e r e a ct i v e poWer a b s o r b e d f r o m t h e g r i d by t h e c o n v e r t e r . Theg e n e r a l c o n t r o l t e c h n i q u e f o r t h e g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e r c o n t r o l ,Which s W i d e l y u s e d i n Wind poWer i n d u s t r y , i s a d e c o u p l e dd - q c o n t r o l a p p r o a c h t h a t u s e s t h e d i r e c t ( d ) a x i s c u r r e n tc o m p o n e n t f o r r e a l poWer c o n t r o l a n d q u a d r a t u r e ( q ) a x i sc u r r e n t c o m p o n e n t f o r r e a c t i v e poWer o n t r o l . By c o n t r o l l i n gt h e c o n v e r t e r s on both s i d e s , t h e DFIG h a r a c t e r i s t i c s can bea d j u s t e d s o a s t o achieve maximum f f f e c t i v e poWer conv e r s i o n o r c a p t u r i n g c a p a b i l i t y f o r a Wind t u r b i n e and t oc o n t r o l i t s poWer g e n e r a t i o n W i t h l e s s ? u c t u a t i o n . H o W e v e r ,t o meet t h e s e n e e d s , t h e g r i d - s id e c o n v e r t e r s h o u l d be con

    20

    25

    30

    35

    4 0

    45

    50

    55

    60

    6 5

    2t r o l l e d i n such Way o maintain c o n s t a n t DC-link c a p a c i t o rv o l t a g e and o k e e p t h e c o n v e r t e r o p e r a t i o n a t a d e s i r e d poWerf a c t o r .

    T h e r e f o r e , What s d e s i r e d a r e c o n t r o l s y s t e m s and methodst h a t overcome h a l l e n g e s p r e s e n t i n t h e a r t , s o m e of hich r ed e s c r i b e d a b o v e .

    SUMMARY OFTHE INVENTIONE m b o d i m e n t s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n p r o v i d e

    methods and s y s t e m f o r a c o n t r o l a p p r o a c h t h a t e f f e c t i v e lym a i n t a i n s t h e DC i n k v o l t a g e a t a c o n s t a n t s e t v a l u e underv a r i a b l e s y s t e m c o n d i t i o n s a n d k e e p s t h e c o n v e rt e r o p e r a t i n gW i t h i n an o p t i m a l poWer f a c t o r r a n g e .

    A d d it i o n a l a d v a n t a g e s o f t h e i n v e n t i o n W i l l b e s e t f o r t h i np a r t i n t h e d e s cr i p t i o n W h i c h f o l l o W s , a n d i n p a r t W i l l b eo b v i o u s f r o m t h e d e s c r i p t i o n , o r may e l e a r n e d b y p r a c t i c e o ft h e i n v e n t i o n . The d v a n t a g e s o f h e i n v e n t i o n W i l l b e r e a l i Z e dand a t t a i n e d by means o f t h e e l e m e n t s and c o m b i n a t i o n sp a r t i c u l a r l y p o i n t e d o u t i n t h e a p p e n d e d i n v e n t i v e co n c e p t s . I ti s t o b e u n d e r s t o o d h a t b o t h t h e f o r e g o i n g g e n e r a l d e s c r i p t i o na n d t h e f o l l o W i n g d e t a i l e d d e s c r ip t i o n a r e e x e m p l a r y a n de x p l a n a t o r y o n l y and a r e n o t r e s t r i c t i v e o f t h e i n v e n t i o n , a sc l a i m e d .

    BRIEF DESCRIPTIONOFTHE DRAWINGSThe accompanying d r a W i n g s , n o t draWn o s c a l e , Which r e

    i n c o r p o r a t e d in a n d c o n s t i t u t e a p a r t o f t h i s s p e c i ? c a t i o n ,i l l u s t r a t e e m b o d i m e n t ( s ) o f t h e i n v e n t i o n a n d t o g e t h e r W i t ht h e d e s cr i p t io n , s e r v e t o e x p l a i n t h e p r i n c ip l e s o f t h e i n v e nt i o n :

    FIG. 1A l l u s t r a t e s an embodiment of a v a r i a b l e - s p e e ds y n c h r o n o u s g e n e r a t o r W i n d t u r b i n e ;

    FIG. 1 B i l l u s t r a t e s an embodiment of a v a r i a b l e - s p e e dd o u b l y - f e d i n d u c t i o n g e n e r a t o r W i n d t u r b i n e ;

    FIG. 2 i l l u s t r a t e s an embodiment of g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e rc o n t r o l l e r i n v a r i a b l e - s p e e d Wind u r b i n e g e n e r a t o r s ;FIG. 3 i l l u s t r a t e s an embodiment of g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e rc o n t r o l l e r i n v a r i a b l e - s p e e d Wind u r b in e g e n e r a t o r s a c c o r di n g t o t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;

    F I G . 4 i l l u s t r a t e s an e x e m p l a r y g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e r s c h em a t i c ;FIG. 5 i l l u s t r a t e s an embodiment of a d-q v e c t o r c o n t r o l

    s t r u c t u r e f o r g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e r c o n t r o l l e r i n v a r i a b l e - s p e e dWind u r b i n e g e n e r a t o r s ;

    FIG. 6 i l l u s t r a t e s an embodiment of g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e ra v e r a g e m o d e l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n a n d e q u i v a l e n t c i r c u i t ;

    FIG. 7A l l u s t r a t e s an embodiment of g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e rr e a l poWer c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a c c o r d i n g t o an embodiment of h ep r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;

    FIG. 7 B i l l u s t r a t e s an embodiment of g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e rr e a c t i v e poWer h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a c c o r d i n g t o an embodiment oft h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;

    F I G . 7C l l u s t r a t e s a n embodiment f a m p l i t u d e o f i n j e c t e dv o l t a g e t o t h e g r i d by a g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e r a c c o r d i n g t o a ne m b o d i m e n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;

    FIG. 8 i l l u s t r a t e s an embodiment of g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e rc o n t r o l s y s t e m a c c o r d i n g t o a n embodiment o f t h e p r e s e n ti n v e n t i o n ;FIG. 9 i l l u s t r a t e s an embodiment of an n t e g r a t e d machineand r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e r S i m u l i n k s i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m W i t h cont r o l s a c c o r d i n g t o a n embodiment o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;

    F I G S . 10A-10D l l u s t r a t e p e r f o r m a n c e c o m p a r i s o n s o fDCl i n k v o l t a g e c o n t r o l a n d r e a c t i v e poWer e t W e e n c o n v e n t i o n a lc o n t r o l a p p r o a c h e s and an embodiment o f a c o n t r o l a p p r o a c ha c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    20/26

    US 8 , 5 7 7 , 5 0 8 B23

    FIGS. 1 1A and 11B i l l u s t r a t e s i m u l a t e d r e a l and r e a c t i v epower c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n an embodiment a c c o r d i n g t o t h ep r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;FIGS. 12A and 12B i l l u s t r a t e s i m u l a t e d r e a l and r e a c t i v epower c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n an embodiment a c c o r d i n g t o t h ep r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;FIGS. 1 3A and 13B i l l u s t r a t e s i m u l a t e d r e a l and r e a c t i v epower c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n an embodiment a c c o r d i n g t o t h ep r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;FIGS. 1 4A and 1 4B i l l u s t r a t e s i m u l a t e d r e a l and r e a c t i v epower c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n an embodiment a c c o r d i n g t o t h ep r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;

    F I G . 1 5A s an exemplary computing d e v i c e t h a t c a n beu s e d t o p r a c t i c e a s p e c t s o f t h e p r e f e r r e d e m b o d i m e n t ; a n d

    FIG. 15 B i s an a l t e r n a t i v e embodiment of a p r o c e s s i n gs y s t e m o f t h a t shown i n F I G . 1 A h a t m a y e u s e d i n embodim e n t s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n .

    DESCRIPTIONOFTHE PREFERREDEMBODIMENTS

    The p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n may b e u n d e r s t o o d more e a d i l y byr e f e r e n c e t o t h e f o l l o w i n g d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f p r e f e r r e dembodiments o f t h e i n v e n t i o n and t h e Examples i n c l u d e dt h e r e i n a n d t o t h e F i g u r e s a n d t h e i r p r e v i o u s a n d f o l l o w i n gd e s c r i p t i o n .

    As u s e d i n t h e s p e c i ? c a t i o n a n d t h e a p p e n d e d c l a i m s , t h es i n g u l a r f o r m s a , a n a n d t h e i n c l u d e p l u r a l r e f e r e n t su n l e s s t h e c o n t e x t c l e a r l y d i c t a t e s o t h e r w i s e . T h u s , f o re x a m p l e , r e f e r e n c e t o a o r a n e n d p o i n t d e v i c e m a yi n c l u d e t wo o r m o r e endpoint d e v i c e s .

    Ranges may e e x p r e s s e d h e r e i n a s from a b o u t one a rt i c u l a r v a l u e , a n d / o r t o a b o u t a n o t h e r p a r t i c u la r v a l u e .When s u c h a r a n g e i s e x p r e s s e d , a n o t h e r embodimenti n c l u d e s from t h e one p a r t i c u l a r v a l u e a n d / or t o t h e o t h e rp a r t i c u l a r v a l u e . S i m i l a r l y , when v a l u e s a r e e x p r e s s e d a sa p p r o x i m a t i o n s , b y u s e o f t h e a n t e c e d e n t a b o u t , i t w i l l b eu n d e r s t o o d t h a t t h e p a r t i c u l a r v a l u e f o r m s a n o t h e r embodim e n t . I t w i l l b e f u r t h e r u n d e r s t o o d t h a t t h e e n d p o i n t s o f e a c hof t h e r a n g e s a r e s i g n i ? c a n t b o t h i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e o t h e re n d p o i n t , a n d i n d e p e n d e n t l y o f t h e o t h e r e n d p o i n t .

    I n t h i s s p e c i ? c a t i o n a n d i n t h e c l a i m s which f o l l ow , r e f e rence i l l be m a d e o a number of erms which s h a l l be de?nedt o h a v e t h e f o l l o w i n g m e a n i n g s : O p t i o n a l o r o p t i o n a l l y means h a t t h e s u b s e q u e n t l y d e s c r i b e d e v e n t o r circumstancem a y o r m a y n o t o c c u r , and t h a t t h e d e s c r i p t i o n i n c l u d e si n s t a n c e s wh er e s a i d event or circumstance occurs andi n s t a n c e s where t d o e s n o t .

    R e f e r e n c e w i l l no w be m a d e i n d e t a i l t o t h e p r e s e n te m b o d i m e n t s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i n v e n t i o n , e x a m p l e s o f w h i c ha r e i l l u s t r a t e d i n t h e accompanying d r a w i n g s . Wherever o ss i b l e , t h e same r e f e r e n c e numbers a r e used t h r o u g h o u t t h edrawings t o r e f e r t o t h e same o r l i k e p a r t s .

    As w i l l b e a p p r e c i a t e d by o n e s k i l l e d i n t h e a r t , t h e p r ef e r r e d embodiment o r a s p e c t s o f t h e p r e f e r r e d embodimentm a y b e implemented s a m e t h o d , a d a t a p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m ,o r a c o m p u t e r program p r o d u c t . A c c o r d i n g l y , t h e p r e f e r r e dembodiment may t a k e t h e for m o f an e n t i r e l y hardwareembodiment, an e n t i r e l y s o f t w a r e embodiment, o r anembodiment c o m b i n i n g s o f t w a r e a n d h a r d w a r e a s p e c t s . F u rt h e r m o r e , i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s o f t h e p r e f e r r e d embodiment o ra s p e c t s o f t h e p r e f e r r e d embodiment m a y t a k e t h e form o f ac o m p u t e r program p r o d u c t on a c o m p u t e r - r e a d a b l e s t o r a g emedium h a v i n g c o m p u t e r - r e a d a b l e p r o g r a m i n s t r u c t i o n s( e . g . , c o m p u t e r s o f t w a r e ) e m b o d i e d i n t h e s t o r a g e m e d i u m .More a r t i c u l a r l y , i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s o f h e p r e f e r r e d e m b o d im e n t s may a k e t h e form f web-implemented c o m p u t e r s o f t

    20

    25

    30

    35

    4 0

    45

    50

    55

    60

    6 5

    4w a r e . Any s u i t a b l e c o m p u t e r - r e a d a b l e s t o r a g e medium mayb e u t i l i Z e d i n c l u d i n g h a r d d i s k s , CD-ROMs, o p t i c a l s t o r a g ed e v i c e s , m a g n e t i c s t o r a g e d e v i c e s , e t c .The r e f e r r e d e m b o d i m e n t s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e s e n t i n v e nt i o n a r e d e s c r i b e d below i t h r e f e r e n c e t o b l o c k d i a g r a m s and? o w c h a r t i l l u s t r a t i o n s o f m e t h o d s , a p p a r a t u s e s ( i . e . , s y s t e m s )a n d c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m p r o d u c t s a c c o r d i n g t o e m b o d i m e n t so f t h e i n v e n t i o n . I t w i l l be u n d e r s t o o d t h a t e a c h b l o c k o f t h eb l o c k d i a g r a m s a n d ? o w c h a r t i l l u s t r a t i o n s , a n d c o m b i n a t i o n so f b l o c k s i n t h e b l o c k d i a g r a m s a n d ? o w c h a r t i l l u s t r a t i o n s ,r e s p e c t i v e l y , c a n b e i m p l e m e n t e d b y c o m p u t e r p r o g r a mi n s t r u c t i o n s . These computer program i n s t r u c t i o n s may b el o a d e d o n t o a g e n e r a l p u r p o s e c o m p u t e r , s p e c i a l p u r p o s ec o m p u t e r , o r o t h e r p r o g r a m m a b l e d a t a p r o c e s s i n g a p p a r a t u s ,such s t h e o n e s d e s c r i b e d b e l o w , t o produce a machine, sucht h a t t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s which e x e c u t e o n h e computer o r o t h e rprogrammable d a t a p r o c e s s i n g a p p a r a t u s c r e a t e a means f o ri m p l e m e n t i n g t h e f u n c t i o n s s p e c i ? e d i n t h e ? o w c h a r t b l o c ko r blocks.

    These computer program n s t r u c t i o n s m a y l s o be s t o r e d i na computer-readable memory h a t can d i r e c t a c omputer oro t h e r p r o g r a m m a b l e d a t a p r o c e s s i n g a p p a r a t u s t o f u n c t i o n i na p a r t i c u l a r m a n n e r , s u c h t h a t t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s s t o r e d i n t h ec o m p u t e r - r e a d a b l e m e m o r y p r o d u c e a n a r t i c l e o f manufact u r e i n c l u d i n g c o m p u t e r - r e a d a b l e i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r i m p l e m e n ti n g t h e f u n c t i o n s p e c i ? e d i n t h e ? o w c h a r t b l o c k o r b l o c k s .The computer program i n s t r u c t i o n s m a y a l s o b e l o a d e d o n t oa c o m p u t e r o r o t h e r programmable d a t a p r o c e ss in g a p p a r a t u st o c a u s e a s e r i e s of o p e r a t i o n a l s t e p s t o be performed o n h ecomputer o r o t h e r programmable a p p a r a t u s t o p r o d u c e ac o m p u t e r - i m p l e m e n t e d p r o c e s s s u c h h a t t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s t h a te x e c u t e on t h e computer o r o t h e r programmable a p p a r a t u sp r o v i d e s t e p s f o r i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e f u n c t i on s s p e c i ? e d i n t h e?owchart block o r b l o c k s .

    A c c o r d i n g l y , b l o c k s o f t h e b l o c k d i a g r a m s a n d ? o w c h a r ti l l u s t r a t i o n s s u p p o r t c o m b i n a t i o n s o f means f o r p e r f o r m i n gt h e s p e c i ? e d f u n c t i o n s , c o m b i n a t i o n s o f s t e p s f o r p e r f o r m i n gt h e s p e c i ? e d f u n c t i o n s and program i n s t r u c t i o n means f o rp e r f o r m i n g t h e s p e c i ? e d f u n c t i o n s . I t w i l l a l s o b e u n d e r s t o o dt h a t e a c h b l o c k o f t h e b l o c k d ia g r a m s a n d ? o w c h a r t i l l u s t r at i o n s , a n d c o m b i n a t i o n s o f b l o c k s i n t h e b l o c k d i a g r a m s a n d? o w c h a r t i l l u s t r a t i o n s , c a n b e i m p l e m e n t e d b y s p e c i a l p u rp o s e h a r d w a r e - b a s e d c o m p u t e r s y s t e m s t h a t p e r f o r m t h es p e c i ? e d f u n c t i o n s o r s t e p s , o r c o m b i n a t i o n s o f s p e c i a l p u rp o s e h a r d w a r e a n d c o m p u t e r i n s t r u c t i o n s .

    P r e s e n t t e c h n o l o g y f o r c o n t r o l l i n g a g r i d - s i d e PWM onv e r t e r i s g e n e r a l l y a t w o - s t a g e c o n t r o l l e r o p e r a t i n g i n a g r i dAC o l t a g e r e f e r e n c e f r a m e a s show n by F I G . 2 . When s i n gt h e g r i d AC o l t a g e a s t h e r e f e r e n c e f r a m e , t h e d - a x is c u r r e n tr e p r e s e n t s t h e a c t i v e c o m p o n e n t , a n d t h e q - a x i s c u r r e n t r e pr e s e n t s t h e r e a c t i v e component. The d and q components a r eu s e d t o r e g u l a t e c o n v e r t e r DC i n k v o l t a g e and r e a c t i v ep o w e r , r e s p e c t i v e l y , t h r o u g h a v ol t a g e - r e g u l a t e d PWM o nv e r t e r s c h e m e i n modern a r i a b l e s p e e d wind u r b i n e d e s i g n s .The d - q v o l t a g e c o n t r o l s i g n a l s i n t h e g r i d - s i d e c o n t r o l l e r a r eo b t a i n e d b y c o m p a r i n g t h e d - a n d q - c u r r e n t s e t p o i n t s t o t h ea c t u a l d - and q - c u r r e n t s t o t h e g r i d a s shown i n t h e s e c o n ds t a g e c o n t r o ll e r i n F I G . 2 , and a r e t h e ? n a l c o n t r o l a c t i o n sa c t u a l l y a p p l i e d t o t h e g r i d - s i de c o n v e r t e r . P r e s e n t t e c h n o lo g y u s e s d - a x i s v o l t a g e , V c d , f o r DC i n k v o l t a g e c o n t r o l , a n dq - a x i s v o l t a g e , V c q , f o r r e a c t i v e p o w e r c o n t r o l ( r e f e r e n c e F I G .2 ) . The o n t r o l o f h e g r i d - s i d e c o n v e r t e r i s i m p o r t a n t b e c a u s ei f t h e c o n t r o l g o a l s o f t h e g r i d - si d e c o n v e r t e r c a n n o t b e m e t ,a l l o t h e r c o n t r o l o b j e c t i v e s w i l l b e a f f e c t e d i n a v a r i a b l e s p e e dwind u r b i n e . I t can a l s o a f f e c t both wind u r b i n e and l e c t r i cp o w e r s y s t e m o p e r a t i o n a n d s t a b i l i t y .

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    21/26

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    22/26

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    23/26

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    24/26

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    25/26

  • 8/13/2019 University of Alabama Patent for renewable energy

    26/26