university library ghent ___________________ open access april 23, 2007 inge van nieuwerburgh
TRANSCRIPT
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University library Ghent___________________Open Access
April 23, 2007
Inge Van Nieuwerburgh
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Summary
Scientific journal Science citation index Serials crisis Open access Supporting initiatives OA Issues Functions scientific publishing UGent Institutional Archive
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Henry Oldenburg: Rise of the scientific journal
Source: “In Oldenburg's long shadow: librarians, research scientists, publishers, and the control of scientific publishing”, Guédon, Jean-Claude in ARL proceedings 138, 2001; http://www.arl.org/arl/proceedings/138/guedon.html
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1665 Henry Oldenburg Philosophical Transactions of the
royal society of London Public registration of original
contributions to science (validation)
Extra motive: London as centre of scientific knowledge
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Why registration?
Claim intellectual rights Better image, less discussion Peer review (hierarchy) Dissemination
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Intellectual rights
Immaterial property Notion “author” Printer demanded it Limited in time
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Science Citation Index
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Classical chain of information
A RPUB
SUB
LIB
Library is liaison between author and reader
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Science citation index
Challenge: only buy what the reader needs
Every discipline “Core journals” Eugene Garfield: citation of
scientific publications as the basis of a giant web of knowledge
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Unify small groups of core journals into one big core.
Core idea was bibliographic Rise of Impact Factor Control career: evaluation of the
scientist on the basis of the impact factor
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Consequenses
Scientists have to publish in high impact journals
Journal title is very important because of branding
High impact journals should always be accessible, whatever the cost!
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Commercial publishers
First not interested, but Scientific publishers encountered
problems of profit and quality control
Process of publication becomes more complex
Commercial publisher steps in
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Extra incentive: the rise of core journals through SCI
More subscriptions by increase of number of universitities
=> booming market
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Serials crisis
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Exponential increase of price
Starts a few years after the rise of SCI (early 1970’s)
Commercial publishers collect high impact titles because the market is highly profitable => monopoly
Price unrelated to production cost We pay for evaluation and
branding
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And libraries?
Core journals have to be purchased
Budgets cut backs end 20th century
Annul subscriptions Intollerable situation
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Scientist reacts
No or difficult access to scientific information
Poor visibility Loss of research output
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Experiment: Arxiv
Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science and Quantitative Biology
Paul Ginsparg Database of articles in Open
Access http://www.arxiv.org/
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Open Access
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Open access: what
Worldwide electronic dissemination
Of peer-reviewed scientific publications
Without any barrier (no price barrier nor copyright barier)
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Open Acces: why?
Increase the accessibility / availability of an article
Increase the visibility Increase worldwide impact
=> innovation, prestige, funding
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Why do scientists publish?
0 20 40 60 80 100
% respondents
Communicate results to peers
Advance career
Personal prestige
Gain funding
Financial reward
source: Alma Swan, Key Perspectives Ltd, 15 may 2006 OA workshop Brussels
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Open Access: how
“self archiving”: the scientist archives the article in a repository, freely available on the net: “green road to open access”.
Publish in an Open Access Journal, an electronic journal, freely available on the net: “gold road to open access”, eg. Biomedcentral, PLoS
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Green road
Register in a subject repository Register in an institutional
repository Use free software, based on the
OAI-PMH protocol, like Dspace and Eprints
Handle: persistant link
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Initiatives supporting OA
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Open Archives Initiative
Need of standardization of data exchange between electronic databases
OAI-PMH or Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
Notion of content provider and service provider
Santa Fee, 1999, Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze
http://www.openarchives.org/
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SPARC
Re-introduce competition:support of journals that costs much less than high impact journals, or are for free
Support scientific organisations Big supporter of Open Access Wants to be a catalyst http://www.arl.org/sparc/
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OAIster
° University of Michigan Searches registered Open Access
Repositories OAIster currently provides access to
11,315,096 records from 769 contributors (updated 22 April 2007)
Results are mainly free http://www.oaister.org
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DOAJ
Directory of Open Access Journals °Lund university libraries 2646 Open Access journals of
which 795 searchable on article level
Peer reviewed
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OpenDOAR
The Directory of Open Access Repositories
Controlled registry As well as providing a simple
repository list, OpenDOAR lets you search for repositories or search repository contents
http://www.opendoar.org/
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DRIVER
European project DRIVER sets out to build the testbed for
a future knowledge infrastructure of the European Research Area
Aim: enable others to establish services by facilitating machine readable data exchange
http://www.driver-repository.eu
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Issues
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Copyright
Of own publications as well as respect other’s rights
Only entry in repository if copyright OK Custom: give up rights to publisher Attempts to reverse that: addendum
publication agreement SPARC (http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/addendum.html), “licence to publish” SURF/JISC (http://copyrighttoolbox.surf.nl/copyrighttoolbox/authors/licence/)
Romeo: publishers’ policies on self achiving (http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php)
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Awareness
Convince scientists of added value OA
Integrate simple workflow Best practices Personal approach
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Functions scientific publishing
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source: Herbert Van de Sompel, “Open Archives voor onderzoek”Gent, 22 oct. 2002
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Journals allmost naturally unite the 5 functions
They can be split up, though
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Registration and dissemination
Websites Open Archives Electronic journals
= electronic publishing => gain control over your
publication
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Evaluation
Website Classical journal (branding) Overlay journal
By: scientific organizations, editorial boards, peers
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Archiving
Open Archive is very suitable Websites are to be advised against National harvest?
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Certification and rewarding
Now: only on basis of Impact factor future: combination of van download
and citation factors? Citation not only through SCI but also
count online Also see research project MESUR by
Johan Bollen, LANL (http://www.mesur.org/Home.html)
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UGent Institutional Archive
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http://archive.ugent.be/ Started in 2003 Institutional archive Linking with the academic
bibliography: joint ingest, separate databases
All kind of scientific publications Now about 2500 full text
publications
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ldap
WoS
, ISSN, l
dap
EXPORT
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Interesting links
SPARC: http://www.arl.org/sparc/ SHERPA: http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/ OAI: http://www.openarchives.org/ ROMEO: http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php OAISTER: http://oaister.org DOAJ: http://www.doaj.org OpenDOAR: http://www.opendoar.org aRXiv: http://www.arxiv.org Archive UGent: http://archive.ugent.be
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Literature
Article Guédon: http://www.arl.org/arl/proceedings/138/guedon.html
Peter Suber’s OA pages: http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/guide.htm
Stevan Harnad (self archiving): http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/
Herbert Van de Sompel (technical): http://public.lanl.gov/herbertv/
Alma Swan (impact and stats): http://www.keyperspectives.co.uk/openaccessarchive/index.html