university as entrepreneur a population in thirds arizona and national data

University as Entrepreneur

A POPULATION IN THIRDSArizona and National Data


What can Arizona learn by looking closely at its population?

What are key differences that exist between various income levels?

In the growing knowledge economy, how can Arizona ensure its future success when there are populations being left behind across multiple indicators?

How can identification of key indicators be leveraged to address inequities that exist in Arizona?

2

A Population in Thirds


33.3%

33.3%

33.4%

Arizona Population by Household In-

come

Lower Income: Less than $39,700

Middle Income: $39,700 - $77,499

Upper Income: $77,500 or More

Methodology

3

The data presented is drawn from the 2007 U.S. Census American Community Survey (ACS). The ACS is a condensed version of the decennial U.S. Census survey and is representative of the entire Arizona population.

Using the ACS data, the state’s population has been divided into equal thirds, based upon annual household income.

In order to understand who comprises each income group, a number of demographic “indicators” were compared with annual household income. This presentation highlights key points and trends from this comparison.

University as EntrepreneurMethodology

4

Indicators

• Annual Household Income• Educational Attainment• Gender• Race/Ethnicity• Citizenship• Unemployment

• Average Hours Worked Per Week• Average Commute Time to Work• Poverty Level• Average Age• U.S. Nativity• Difficulty Working due to Health

Related Condition

Note: Percentages in some of the following charts may not add up to 100, due to rounding


Arizona: A General Scan

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6

Arizona: A General Scan

What does Arizona’s population look like if we divide it evenly in thirds and then look at a number of indicators? What pictures emerge?

By using annual household income to evenly divide Arizona’s population, several key indicators emerge as being related to economic mobility. Understanding the impact of these indicators is the initial step in addressing economic inequality and providing a greater number of Arizonans with opportunity for upward economic mobility.


7

Arizona: The picture that emerges

A Transient PopulationThe percentage of the population living in their current households for 5 years or less is significantly greater in Arizona, as compared to the national average.

Country of Birth and Citizenship MattersAlmost half of all foreign born individuals and non U.S. citizens who reside in Arizona are in the Lower income group. Arizona Lags Behind the NationIndividuals who are non U.S. citizens or who were born in another county are less likely to be in the Upper income group in Arizona than they are in other states. Disproportionate OpportunityThe majority of all Arizona Bachelor’s degrees are held by White Arizonans

Education Makes a DifferenceAs education attainment level increases, so too does income. Over half of all Arizonans who have a Bachelor’s degree reside in Upper income households.


43.7%

34%

22.3%

Second LanguageSpoken at Home

Lower Income: Less than $39,700

Middle Income: $39,700 - $77,499

Upper Income: $77,500 or More

48.0%

32.8%

19.1%

Non U.S. Citizen

44.1%

33.4%

22.5%

Foreign Born

8

Arizona: Citizenship, Language

Arizonans who are foreign born, non U.S. citizens, or who speak a second language at home are less likely to be in the Upper income group.


Total Arizona Population

Lower Income Middle Income Upper Income0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

58.7%

46.7%

58.3%

70.9%

30%

38.5%

32%

19.4%

3.3%4.4%

2.7% 2.8%3.9% 6.5% 3.2% 1.9%2.4% 2% 2.1% 3.1%

1.8% 1.9% 1.7% 1.9%

Population by Race/Ethnicity and Household Income

Other

Asian (alone)

American Indian (alone)

Black or African American (alone)

Hispanic (Hispanic/Span-ish/Latino)

White (alone)

Per

cen

t o

f In

com

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rou

p

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Arizona: Race and Ethnicity

As income level rises, the only racial/ethnic groups whose presence steadily increase are the White and Asian populations.


35%

33.9%

31%

Ages 30 and Younger

Lower Income Middle Income Upper Income

42.6%

32.7%

24.8%

Ages 60 and Older

10

Arizona: Age

As compared to the younger population, older Arizonans are slightly more likely to be in the Lower income group.


Ages 60 and Older

35.2%

32.6%

32.3%

Total Female Population


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Arizona: Gender

Both the male and female populations in Arizona are relatively evenly distributed across all three income groups. However, females are slightly more likely to be in the Lower income group while males are slightly more likely to be in the Upper income group.

31.4%

34.1%

34.5%

Total Male Population


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Arizona: Poverty

13.1%

86.9%

Family Households* and Poverty**

In Poverty

Not in Poverty

* Family households consist of a householder and one or more people living in the household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption.

** The U.S. Census Bureau lists the 2007 average poverty level for a family of four as $21,203.

Arizona has a slightly higher percentage of families in poverty, as compared to the national average of 11.2%.


43.5%

34.8%

21.7%

A High School Diploma or Less, Ages 25 and Older


46.1%

32.1%

21.9%

Unemployed Workers

53.6%

28.4%

17.9%

Difficulty Working Due to Health Related Condition

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Arizona: Education and Work Related Factors

Those who have a high school diploma or less, difficulty working due to a health related condition, or are unemployed are more likely to be in the Lower income group.


21.8%

35.9%

42.4%

Work 40 or More Hours a Week


22.4%

34.8%

42.7%

Workers with Travel Time to Work over 60 Minutes

14

16.4%

28.4%55.1%

At Least a Bachelor's Degree, Ages 25 and

Older

Arizona: Education and Work Related Factors

Those who have at least a Bachelor’s degree, work 40 or more hours per week, or have over an hour of travel time to work are more likely to be in the Upper income group.


Arizona National Arizona National Arizona National 0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

48%40.8% 44.1%

35.5%42.8% 42%

32.8%33.3%

33.4%

32.1%

35.6% 34%

19.1%25.8% 22.5%

32.4%21.6% 24%


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Non U.S. Citizens Foreign Born Hispanic

15

Arizona’s Population and The Nation

Arizona and National Data Compared Across Key Indicators

As compared to the nation, Arizona has a greater proportion of non U.S. citizens, foreign born, and Hispanic individuals in the Lower income group.


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Arizona Households

The ACS survey captures both individual and household level data. The previous indicators were representative of individual characteristics within the Arizona population. The following slides use household level indicators to highlight key points and trends within Arizona households.

ACS household indicators include:

•Family Type•Primary Spoken Language•Mobility•Home Ownership

Because the number of individuals in

each household differs, applying the same method of dividing the population into thirds—that was used to present individual characteristics—would be misleading if used with household level data.

As a result, the following slides present Arizona household level data in a slightly different format than the previous section.


49.6%

11.8%

4.9%

33.7%

Family Household, Married Couple

Family Household, Female Ref-erence Person

Family, Household, Male Ref-erence Person

Nonfamily Household


20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

43%67.2%

85.8%

45.9%

21.8%

8.6%

11.1% 10.9% 5.6%

Single Father Household

Single Mother Household

Married Couple Household

Children in Upper income households are twice as likely to be in a two parent household than children in Lower income households.

The Lower income group is the only group where Single Mother led households outnumber two parent households.

Family Type and ChildrenAll Households in Arizona

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Arizona Households


Spanish as Primary Language Spoken at Home

All Households in Arizona

Arizona National Arizona National Arizona National0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

24.2%13.1%

20.3%11.7% 13.1% 8.6%

75.8%86.9%

79.7%88.3% 86.9% 91.4%

Spanish Speaking Households by Household Income

Pe

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of

Inc

om

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rou

p

Middle Income

Upper Income

Across all income groups there is a greater proportion of Spanish speaking households in Arizona as compared to the nation. The Lower income group contains the largest difference—11.1% more Lower income households in Arizona report Spanish as the primary language spoken.

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Arizona Households

Lower Income

19.8%

80.2%

Spanish

Other


20.6%

33.4%19.9%

26.2%

1 Year or Less

1 to 5 Years

5 to 9 Years

10 Years or More

Arizona National Arizona National Arizona National0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

25.5% 20.8% 20% 15.4% 14.1% 10.2%

31.9%27.2% 34.2%

28.7% 34.6%27.8%

16.7%

16%20.4%

19.3%23.7%

22.3%

25.9%36%

25.3%36.6%

27.6%39.7%

Lower Income Middle Income

All Households in Arizona

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Arizona Households

Mobility: Time at Current Residence

Upper Income

Across all income groups, the percentage of the population living in their current households for 10 years or more is significantly less in Arizona, as compared to the national average.


20

48.5%

19.7%

31.8%Owned with a Mortgage

Owned Free and Clear

Rented


20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

26%

53.9%

74.5%25.6%

17.9%

13.1%48.3%

28.1%12.4%

Home Ownership All Households in Arizona

Arizona Households

In Arizona, more residences are owned than rented across all three income groups. Although the Lower income group has the smallest proportion of households that are owned, it has the highest proportion of residences that are owned free and clear (without a mortgage).


EDUCATION DETAILArizona

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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

53% 52.4%37.9%

30.1% 24.5%17.8% 14%

30.3% 31.8%

37.1%36.6%

35.5%

30.1%25.5%

16.8% 15.9%25%

33.3%40%

52%60.6%

Education Attainment Level and Household IncomeAges 25 and Older

Lower Income Middle Income Upper IncomePe

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of

Po

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a

t e

ac

h A

tta

inm

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As education attainment level rises, so too does the likelihood of increasing household income and the chance for positive economic mobility.

Arizona: Education Detail


81%

8.9%

2.8%1.1%

5.4%

1.1%

Total Bachelor's Degrees Attained Ages 25 and Older, by Race/Ethnicty

White (alone)Hispanic (Hispanic/Spanish/Latino)Black or African American (alone)American Indian (alone)Asian (alone)Other

23

4 out of every 5 Bachelor’s degrees in Arizona are held by those who are White.

Hispanics, who make up about a third of the entire Arizona population, account for only 8.9% of all Bachelor’s degrees attained.



Total Arizona Popula-tion


1000%

2000%

3000%

4000%

5000%

6000%

7000%

3140.0%

1700.0%

2660.0%

4570.0%

920.0%

460.0%

810.0%

1880.0%

2320.0%

1470.0%

2510.0%

3280.0%

880.0%

490.0%

960.0%

1850.0%

5330.0%

4480.0% 4480.0%

6400.0%

2580.0%

1840.0%

2340.0%

3560.0%

Percent of Population with A Bachelor’s DegreeAges 25 and Older, by Race/Ethnicity and Household

Income

White (alone) Hispanic (Hispanic/Spanish/Latino)Black or African American (alone) American Indian (alone)Asian (alone) Other

24

A large proportion of Arizona’s Asian population within each income group have Bachelor’s degrees.

Unfortunately, the disparity between racial/ethnic groups remains relatively the same at each income level.




1000%

2000%

3000%

4000%

5000%

6000%

7000%

3350.0% 3560.0%3090.0%

4180.0%3710.0%

2110.0%

4410.0%

3010.0%

2580.0%

5610.0%

2700.0%

1690.0%

3190.0%3420.0% 3410.0%

3970.0%

3070.0% 2960.0%

Percent of Race/Ethnic Group with Less than a Bachelor’s Degree

Ages 25 and Older, by Household Income

White (alone) Hispanic (Hispanic/Spanish/Latino)Black or African American (alone) American Indian (alone)Asian (alone) Other

25

For White and Asian Arizonans who have less than a Bachelor’s degree, the likelihood of being in the Upper income group is nearly the same as being in either the Middle or Lower groups. American Indian and Black/African American Arizonans are far more likely to be in the Lower income group.



94.2%

5.8%

Total Population

Employed

Unemployed

88.1%

11.9%

Unemployed

With Less than a Bachelor's Degree

With a Bachelor's Degree or More

47.8%

32%

20.3%

Unemployed with Less than a Bachelor's Degree

Lower Income

Middle Income

Upper Income

Unemployment and EducationAges 16 and Older and in the Labor Force

26

Nearly 9 out of every 10 unemployed Arizonan has less than a Bachelor’s degree.

Of those unemployed with less than a Bachelor’s degree, nearly half are in the Lower income group.



45.6%

34.1%

20.3%

Total Non U.S. Citizens in ArizonaAges 25 and Older

Lower IncomeMiddle IncomeUpper Income

Non U.S. Citizens and EducationAges 25 and Older

A large portion of non U.S. citizens in Arizona are in the Lower income group. Across all income groups, non U.S. citizens in Arizona have a low rate of Bachelor’s degree attainment.

27



10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

91.5% 88%73.6%

8.5% 12%26.4%

Education Attainment of Non U.S. Citizens

Less than Bachelor's degree Bachelor's Degree Attained

Pe

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of

Inc

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Gender, Ethnicity and EducationAges 25 and Older

28

Male Male, Hispanic0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

34.4% 39.2%

37.1%37.9%

28.5% 22.9%

Male Population with Less than a Bachelor’sBy Household Income and Gender

Upper Income

Middle Income

Lower Income

Female Female, Hispanic

39.8% 44.5%

33.9%36.3%

26.2%19.2%

Female Population with Less than a BachelorsBy Household Income and Gender

Even with equal educational attainment, males are less likely to be in the Lower income group than females. This trend is evident to the same degree within Arizona’s Hispanic population as well.



0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

3400.0%4440.0%

1530.0%2220.0%

3550.0%

3530.0%

2830.0%2920.0%

3050.0%2030.0%

5640.0%4850.0%


Pe

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of

La

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ua

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an

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du

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pSecond Languages and EducationAges 25 and Older

29

For those who have less than a Bachelor’s degree and come from households where English is the primary language spoken, there is a relatively equal chance of being in any income group.

This is not the case for those who speak a language other than English in their household: they are most likely to be in the Lower income group. For both groups, having a Bachelor’s degree increases the likelihood of being in the Upper income group.



Education and Health

Less than Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree or More0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

53%35.8%

29.5%

31.1%

17.5%33.1%

Upper Income

Middle Income

Lower Income

Pe

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of

Ed

uc

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on

Gro

up

30

85.1%

14.9%

Has Physical Difficulty

Less than Bachelor's

Bachelor's or More

Nearly 6 out of every 7 individuals who reported having a physical, mental, or emotional condition limiting basic physical activities have less than a Bachelor’s degree.

Of those with less than a Bachelor’s degree who suffer from a health condition, more than half are in the Lower income group.


university as entrepreneur a population in thirds arizona and national data

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