universität berlin lazar edeleanu - the ozzfactor · of psychoactive drugs: amphetamines. chelsea...

Universität Berlin Lazar Edeleanu

1-18-1887

ORIGIN OF METH,

‘phenylisopropylamine’

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“ THE KOREAN WAR ” United States

dispense amphetamine to American G I’s Page 1

Methamphetamine,

also called d-desoxyephedrine

Consumer: MOTORHEAD Jan 18, 1887 Amphetamine was first synthesized at

Universität Berlin by Romanian chemist Lazar Edeleanu

(1861-1941) and originally named phenylisopropylamine. It

was largely forgotten for the next 40 years.

--Edeleanu L. "Uber einige Derivate der Phenylmethacrylsaure und--

--der Phenylisobuttersaure". Ber Deutsch Chem Ges. 1887;Vol 20:616--

1919 Methamphetamine is first synthesized by Japanese

scientist A. Ogata.

1935 Amphetamine's stimulant effect is first

recognized and physicians successfully use it to treat

narcolepsy

--Lukas SE. The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Drugs: Amphetamines. Chelsea House, 1985--

/library/books/encyclopedia_of_amphetamines.shtml

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1937 Amphetamine is first approved by the American

Medical Association for sale in tablet form. It is sold

by prescription for use in the treatment of narcolepsy

and ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).

Methamphetamine is a stimulant chemical commonly used as a recreational drug. Is legally

prescribed as a treatment for ADD/ADHD under the brand name Desoxyn, for both children and

adults. On the street, it is generally found as an odorless, white or off-white, bitter-tasting

powder, though it is also found in pills, capsules and larger crystals. It is frequently snorted, but

is also used orally, smoked, and injected.

Methamphetamine production is a relatively simple process, especially when compared to many

other recreational drugs.

Law # Methamphetamine is Schedule II in the United States, meaning that it is illegal to buy, sell, or

possess without a prescription. It is legally controlled in most countries, although it has medical

uses, so it is also available by prescription in many places.

Chemistry # Powder methamphetamine is the hydrochloride salt form which is strongly hygroscopic (absorbs

water from the air quickly). The HCl salt is smokable as is. Crystal meth "Crystal Meth" or "Ice"

refer to methamphetamine grown into crystals.

Though many people believe that Crystal Meth is the freebase form of methamphetamie HCl,

this is not true.

Methamphetamine is smoke-able in its normal HCL form, but taking the time to grow it into crystals makes it easier to smoke. Meth in visible

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crystals (rather than powder) is likely to be relatively pure as it is difficult to grow crystals from impure material.

Methamphetamine freebase is an oil and is uncommon on the street.

The German

and Finnish militaries dispensed it under ® Pervitin .

One of the earliest uses of methamphetamine was during World War II by both Axis and Allied

forces.

Used during our last World War when it was consumed under Government Patents.

In the United States it was marketed under the brand names 'Methedrine' and 'Desoxyn'.

1932 Amphetamine is first marketed as 'benzedrine'

by Smith, Kline & French, in an over-the-counter

inhaler to treat congestion.

/wiki/World_War_II

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World War II <><><><><><><><><><><><><>

Both Amphetamine and Methamphetamine are widely

distributed to soldiers to help improve performance. This

led to addiction problems in Japan after the war. 1940

Methamphetamine is marketed under the trade name

"Methedrine" by Burroughs Wellcome.

WW1 & WW2 While Fighting around the world in1942, Dextro-

amphetamine and methamphetamine become

commonly available.

Widely administered to industrial workers in

Japan in the 1940s and ’50s...(to increase their

productivity). This led to addiction problems in

Japan after the war.

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1950 - 1953 U.S. dispenses

amphetamine to troops in

Korea.

In 1954, the height of the Japanese

amphetamine epidemic estimated to be

over 2 million amphetamine users in a

population of 88.5 million.--Lukas SE. The Encyclopedia

of Psychoactive Drugs: Amphetamines. Chelsea House, 1985--

1959 First report of IV injection of contents from

Benzedrine inhalers.

During the 1960's Methamphetamine use rises in the United States.

In 1963 ( Illicit ) speed production begins

WHY?

The Attorney General of California requests that injectable

ampules be removed from the market.



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On Jul 15, 1965 in the United States, Drug Abuse

Control Amendment (DACA acronym) prohibits the

unregistered possession, manufacture, or sale of

barbiturates, amphetamines and any drug designated

by regulation as having "a potential for abuse"

(Because of its depressant or stimulant effect on the central nervous system or its "hallucinogenic

effect"...unless they were for the personal use of the possessor or a member of their household,

or were for administration to an animal.

Went into effect approximately Feb 15, 1966. --Drug Abuse Control Amendment. Jul 15, 1965.--

In 1970 Amphetamine becomes schedule II in the

U.S. with the passage of the 'U.S. Drug Abuse

Regulation and Control Act of 1970'.

[This makes it illegal to possess without a prescription.]

Oct 27, 1970 The Comprehensive Drug

Abuse Prevention and Control Act is passed.

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Part II of this is the Controlled Substance Act

(CSA) which defines a scheduling system for

drugs. It places most of the known

hallucinogens (LSD, psilocybin, psilocin,

mescaline, peyote, cannabis, & MDA) in

Schedule I. It places coca, cocaine and

injectable methamphetamine in Schedule II.

Other amphetamines and stimulants,

including non-injectable methamphetamine

are placed in Schedule III.

Jul 7, 1971 Amphetamine and

Methamphetamine (non-injectable)

are moved from Schedule III to

Schedule II.

Late 1980's (smoked) Methamphetamine

becomes more popular.

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1996 U.S. Congress passes the

Methamphetamine Control Act establishing

new controls over key ingredients and

strengthening criminal penalties for

possession, distribution and manufacturing.

1997 Agricultural researchers at Texas A

and M University documented that

methamphetamine (among other

phenethylamines and amphetamines) was

naturally produced by both Acacia

berlandieri and Acacia rigidula Benth.

known as "blackbrush". -- Clement BA, Goff CM, Forbes TDA. "Toxic amines and alkaloids from Acacia berlandieri".

Phytochemistry. 1997;46(2). --

http://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=7161

http://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=7161

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/EBchecked/media/117098/Methamphetamine-crystalsThese stimulants are of three types having

closely related actions on the nervous system: amphetamine proper (Benzedrine), one of its

isomers (Dexedrine), and methamphetamine (Methedrine). The amphetamines have been used to

alleviate depression, fatigue, the hyperkinetic behaviour disturbances of children,

postencephalitic parkinsonism, enuresis, nausea of pregnancy, and obesity.

More recently, the amphetamines have been used in combination with one of the barbiturates,

such as amobarbital or phenobarbital, to produce mood elevating effects.

It is the effects of the amphetamines on mood that

have led to their widespread abuse

/EBchecked/media/117098/Methamphetamine-crystals

/EBchecked/topic/472125/postencephalitic-parkinsonism

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