universiti malaysia pahang - umpir.ump.edu.myumpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25873/1/weather station...
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Universiti Malaysia PAHANG Engineering • Teohnology • c:::reetMty
SUPERVISOR'S DECLARATION
We hereby declare that we have checked this thesis and in our opinion, this thesis is
adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Mechatronics Engineering (Hons. ).
(Supervisor's Signature)
Full Name : Mr Ismail Bin Mohd Khairuddin
Position
Date
Full Name
Position
Date
: Supervisor
: 07 June 2017
: Dr Ahmad Shahrizan Bin Abdul Ghani
:Co-Supervisor
: 07 June 2017
Universiti Malaysia PAHANG Engln&flrlng • TecMology • Greatlvtty
STUDENT'S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is based on my original work except for
quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has
not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti
Malaysia Pahang or any other institutions.
(Student's Signature)
Full Name : FOOK WEI JIAN
ID Number : FB 13023
Date : 07 June 2017
WEATHER STA1
PERPUSTAKAAN UMP
IIIII III 0000119161
AND INTERNET OF THINGS
(lOT)
FOOK WEI JIAN
ONTROLLER
Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor ofMechatronics Engineering (Hons.)
Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG
JUNE2017 PERPU5TAKAAN 2Wt1':\
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHAN() f
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am grateful and would like to express my highest gratitude to my supervisor of University Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Mr Ismail Bin Mohd Khairuddin and Dr Ahmad Shahrizan Bin Abdul Ghani for all the guidance, help, encouragement and opinion during the journey of completing this project.
I would like to thanks the Head of Technician of Faculty of Manufacturing (FKP), Mr Suhaimi Bin Puteh to allow me to use the equipment and facilities in the laboratory of FKP. Besides, I am indebted to Mr Suhaimi for spending time to assist me to purchase electrical components for my project.
Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge my greatest gratitude to my parents, friends, seniors and those who had contributed in this project directly or indirectly for their love, sacrifices and support throughout the journey of my life.
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ABSTRAK
Pemantauan cuaca sangat berguna dalam pelbagai aplikasi seperti dalam sistem saintifik kritikal atau untuk tujuan simulasi. Peranti pengawasan cuaca merupakan sebuah peranti elektronik yang bersaiz kecil, mudah alih dan bebas beroperasi. Peranti pengawasan cuaca terdiri daripada Arduino Mega, modul Wi-Fi, dan sensor suhu. Parameter yang dikumpul terdiri daripada suhu udara dan kelembapan relatif di kawasan tertentu. Data yang dikumpul dari sensor akan digunakan untuk mengira suhu titik embun bagi menentukan persepsi manusia kepada keadaan cuaca semasa. Data yang dikumpul akan dihantar ke Iaman web Thingspeak, iaitu satu aplikasi Internet of Things (lOT) untuk memaparkan dan memantau data dalam bentuk graf. Data yang dikumpul menunjukkan nilai sebenar yang mewakili keadaan cuaca semasa bagi kawasan yang sedang diukur. Selain itu, hubungan antara suhu udara, kelembapan, dan suhu titik embun boleh ditentukan melalui peranti pengawasan cuaca. Dengan itu, persepsi manusia di kalangan rakyat Malaysia boleh ditentukan melalui suhu titik embun yang disertakan dalam projek ini.
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ABSTRACT
The monitoring of weather is really helpful in various applications like in critical scientific systems or for simulation purposes. Weather monitoring device is a small size, portable and stand-alone electronic device. Weather monitoring device consists of Arduino Mega, Wi-Fi shield and a temperature sensor. The parameters collected were room air temperature and relative humidity of a particular area. Data collected from sensor will be used to calculate dew point temperature which is important to determine the human perception on current weather. The collected data will be sent to Thingspeak, an Internet of Things (loT) website to display and monitor the data in the form of real-time graph. Collected data show accurate real-time values that represent the current weather condition of the area being measured. Besides, the relationship between room air temperature, relative humidity and dew point temperature can be determined. Lastly, the human perception among Malaysian on current weather condition can be determined through dew point temperature which is included in this project.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION
TITLE PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF SYMBOLS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Project Scope
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Background
2.2 Weather Station Monitoring Sensors
2.2.1 Temperature Sensing
2.2.2 Humidity Sensing
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X
xi
1
1
3
3
4
5
5
6
6
7
2.2.3 Dew Point Temperature 8
2.3 Intrenet of Things (loT) 9
2.4 Microcontroller 11
2.5 Wi-Fi Module 12
2.6 Data Logging 13
2.7 Sensors and Microcontroller Selection IS
CHAPTER3MffiTHODOLOGY 16
3.1 Project Description 16
3.2 Methodology Flowchart 17
3.3 System Analysis 18
3.3.1 Block Diagram 18
3.3.2 Functional Diagram 19
3.3.3 Integrated System 20
3.4 Prototype Development 21
3.4.1 Mechanical Design 21
3.4.2 Circuit Design 23
3.5 Weather Monitoring Sensors 25
3.5.1 Humidity and Temperature Sensor 26
3.6 Arduino Mega 28
3.7 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Shield 28
3.8 Firmware Development 29
3.8.1 Algorithm 30
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CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Microsoft Excel
4.2.1 Raw Data
4.2.2 Human Perception
4.2.3 Thingspeak Channel Monitoring
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Future Work
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A RAW DATA
APPENDIX B BILL OF MATERIAL
APPENDIX C TABLE OF PERCEPTION
APPENDIX D ARDUINO CODE
APPENDIX E DATA SHEETS
APPENDIX F CONFERENCE PAPER
APPENDIX G FINAL YEAR PROJECT SCHEDULE
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37
42
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61
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Table 4.1
Table4.2
LIST OF TABLES
Raw data collected from the prototype
Human perception on weather condition
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Adafruit CC3000 Wi-Fi modules 12
Figure 2.2 Wind speed, wind direction, temperature and Dew Point measurements in 24 hours 14
Figure 2.3 Hourly variation of air temperature measured inside and outside the greenhouse, on 12 October 1998 14
Figure 3.1 Methodology flowchart of weather monitoring device 17
Figure 3.2 Block diagram of weather monitoring device 19
Figure 3.3 Functional diagram of weather monitoring device 19
Figure 3.4 Draft of weather monitoring device hardware 22
Figure 3.5 Prototype of weather monitoring device 22
Figure 3.6 Schematic diagram of electrical connection for hardware components 24
Figure 3.7 Circuit design of weather monitoring device 24
Figure 3.8 Actual electrical circuit of weather monitoring device 25
Figure 3.9 Circuit ofDHT22 Humidity and Temperature sensor 28
Figure 3.10 Software system flowchart 29
Figure 4.1 Graph of relative humidity(%) and dew point temperature (°C) against room air temperature ec) 33
Figure 4.2 Graph of relative humidity, room air temperature and dew point temperature against time 37
Figure 4.3 Room air temperature against time 39
Figure 4.4 Relative humidity against time 40
Figure 4.5 Dew point temperature against time 41
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RH
%RH
t
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Temperature in degree Celsius
Equilibrium vapour pressure over a plane of water
Real-time relative humidity from sensor
Percentage of relative humidity
Real-time temperature from sensor
Voltage output of temperature sensor
Voltage supplied
X
AADI
ADC
csv DNS
DSP
GSM
110
loT
IP
IRQ
LED
MCU
PC
SD
soc SPI
TCP
TFT
DART
UDP
UFL
UMP
USB
WSN
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Aanderaa Data Instruments
Analog to Digital Convertor
Comma Separated Values
Domain Name System
Digital Signal Processing
Global System for Mobile
Input/Output
Internet of Things
Internet Protocol
Interrupt Request
Light-Emitting Diode
Microcontroller Unit
Personal Computer
Secure Digital
System On a Chip
Serial Peripheral Interface
Transmission Control Protocol
Thin Film Transistor
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
User Datagram Protocol
Upper Flammable Limit
University Malaysia Pahang
Universal Serial Bus
Wireless Sensor Network
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CHAPTER1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Weather monitoring devices have been grown rapidly and important for human
beings in various applications in the field of critical scientific systems or for simulation
purposes. There are few parameters will affect the thermal comfort of human being,
such as temperature, radiation, air flow, humidity, and clothing thermal resistance.
These parameters are measureable weather elements. Sometimes the changes in climate
will cause natural disasters to human being. To alert and protect human being from
disasters that caused by the weather changes, weather measurement and monitoring
tools are very useful.
Currently, weather monitoring devices that are having real-time alerting and
reporting system on the varying environmental conditions become very important.
Weather monitoring device is a stand-alone electronic device which is portable, small in
size, powered by battery and able to collect data on a 24-hour operation. Acquisition,
online analysis, logging, offline analysis, display and data sharing are the necessary
requirements for a data logging system.
A microcontroller plays a major role in weather monitoring device.
Microcontroller controls and converts electrical pulses from sensors which are analogue
data into digital data to be recorded and stored on the storage device for further
analysis.
The advantages of data loggers are based on the ability in few criteria i.e., work
at very long intervals, portable, reliability, flexibility and robustness. Some of the
criteria must be considered while choosing sensors such as size, speed/memory, real
time operation and display. Speed is essential parameter due to the sampling rate from 1
the parameter changes. For a longer interval, a high memory is needed. Real-time
capability is important for user to know the status of current parameters that are being
measured. Thus, user will be able to take a proper action based on the device's real-time
feedback. Users will be able to read the readings of all the parameters show on screen.
A wide-spread operation of data logging system can be found in our daily lives
for example weather stations, in-out product flow in the industries, and attendance
system in schools or universities. Due to independently and sensitivity variation of
parameters in the data logger, human can be substituted out from the high risk job by
replacing the data logging system. Furthermore, this system consists of real-time
information and also stores the data for further analysis.
The direction of this project is to fabricate a low cost weather monitoring system
that able to acquire, record and store the data which are accessed anywhere. The
proposed system will measure three different parameters namely temperature, humidity
and dew point temperature. Besides, the dew point temperature also useful in determine
the human perception on weather based on Malaysia weather condition. The analog
outputs of these sensors will be converted to digital signals through Analog to Digital
Convertor (ADC) and further processed by a microcontroller which acts like a data
logger. A Wi-Fi shield act as an interface medium to transfer and receive data collected
from sensor to an open source Internet of Things (loT) channel. Computer is used to
access to the loT website to monitor the real-time graph created on the channel.
Besides, Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Display will display the real-time value of the
sensor.
This weather station project can be considered as a platform for further
applications in future. In other words, this system can be modified to fit more sensors to
record different type of parameters for examples the ground chemical composition and
soil parameters.
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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Most weather measurement devices collect data and send to data loggers then
transferred to a computer directly. They are not able to analyze and share the data
through a wide electronic medium. In addition, the cost for that particular device is
expensive while having a limited functionality. Most of the weather monitoring device
that available in the market is too bulky, costly and difficult to capture the real-time
data which are able to be accessed anywhere. Therefore, this project will propose some
improvements and extensions on weather station in terms of size and cost of weather
monitoring device. For example, the improvement for the size of weather monitoring
device that currently available in the market that is too bulky. Besides, the cost of the
weather monitoring device that is available in market is too expansive. Therefore, this
project will help to reduce the cost of sensor used and cost of materials used in weather
monitoring device. Moreover, this project not only can display data on the device but
also can monitor the data worldwide through loT channel. Besides, this weather
monitoring device helps to determine human perception on weather condition based on
dew point temperature.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
The goals for this project are as follow:
1. Monitoring and analyze temperature and relative humidity from the weather
monitoring device.
n. To determine human perception on weather condition through dew point
temperature.
m. To build a low cost weather monitoring device that provides world-wide and
real-time data.
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REFERENCES
This thesis is prepared based on the following references;
Alduchov, 0. A., and R. E. Eskridge, 1996: Improved Magnus form approximation of
saturation vapor pressure. J. Appl. Meteor., 35,601-609.
Ameur, S., Laghrouche, M., & Adane, A. (2001). Monitoring a greenhouse using a
microcontroller-based meteorological data-acquisition system. Renewable Energy,
24( 1 }, 19-30. https:/ /doi.org/1 0.1016/80960-1481 (00)00 181-6
Benghanem, M. (2009). Measurement of meteorological data based on wireless data
acquisition system monitoring. Applied Energy, 86(12), 2651-2660.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.03.026
Caccamo, M. T., Cannuli, A., Magazil, S., Matematiche, S., & Fisiche, S. (2015).
Wavelet Analysis of Meteorological Data Collected by an Automated
Microcontroller-Weather Station System, 3(6), 6-13 https://www.ijergs.org
Gubbi, Jayavardhana, Rajkumar Buyya, Slaven Marusic, and Marimuthu Palaniswami.
2013. "Internet of Things (loT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future
Directions." Future Generation Computer Systems 29(7): 1645-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010.
Katyal, A., Yadav, R., & Pandey, M. (2016). Wireless Arduino Based Weather Station,
5(4}, 10-12. https://doi.org/10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5470
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Khan, B. (2012). Wireless sensor networking using AADI Sensors with WSN
Coverage.
Noordin, K. A., Onn, C. C., & Ismail, M. F. (2006). A Low-Cost Microcontroller-based
Weather Monitoring System, 5(January), 33-40.
Ray, P P. 2016. "A Survey on Internet of Things Architectures." Journal of King Saud
University - Computer and Information Sciences.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1 0 16/j.jksuci.2016.1 0.003.
Rosiek, S., & Batlles, F. J. (2008). A microcontroller-based data-acquisition system for
meteorological station monitoring. Energy Conversion and Management, 49(12),
3746-3754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.05.029
Steve. H. (2008). Relative Humidity .... Relative to What? Retrieved May 15, 2017, from
http://www.shorstmeyer.com/wxfaqslhumiditylhumidity.html
Swamy, M. N. S. (2014). Microcontroller Based Real Time Weather Monitoring Device
With, 3(7), 6-9.
Systems, T. M.D., & Pic, U. (2014). Design and Implementation ofWeather
Monitoring and Controlling System, 97(3), 19-22.
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