unity and sectionalism section 3—chapter 10. the era of good feelings a sense of national unity...
TRANSCRIPT
Unity and Sectionalism
Section 3—Chapter 10
The Era of Good Feelings
• A sense of National Unity after the War of 1812
• Federalist all but disappear since they didn’t support the War of 1812
• The 5th President of the USA was
James Monroe
(Democratic Republican)
a. No one really opposed him
Sectionalism Grows• Regional differences soon began to surface
• Strong allegiance to their region (Westerners, Southerners, Northerners)
• Sectionalism—Loyalty to their region
– Conflict over slavery
– Southerners stress States’ rights
– Tariffs, National Bank, and Internal Improvements become major issues
John Calhoun
• Favored support for internal improvements and developing industry.
• Favored the National Bank
• Views changed and he begins to favor State Sovereignty—the idea that states have autonomous power
• Was against High Tariffs
•Planter/War Hawk from South Carolina
Daniel Webster
• Elected to Congress in 1812—New Hampshire
• Favored the Tariff of 1816—protected American industries from foreign competition
• Great Speaker/Orator
• “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!”
Henry Clay
• War Hawk from Kentucky—Speaker of the House of Rep in 1811
• Helped create the Treaty of Ghent the ended the War of 1812
• Tried to resolve sectional disputes through compromise
Missouri Compromise• Sectional Tension reaches new heights
• Slavery the big issue
• The South wanted Missouri admitted as a slave state—Northerners wanted it as a Free-State
• Henry Clay helped work out a solution
• Missouri Compromise---Missouri a slave state Maine admitted as a free state
• Banned Slavery North of the 36 30’N parallel
The American System
• Henry Clay
– called for a protective tariff;
– a program of internal improvements, especially the building of roads and canals, to stimulate trade
– a national bank to control inflation and to lend money to build developing industries.
McCulloch v. Maryland
• Maryland imposed a tax on the Balitmore branch of the 2nd National Bank (a Federal Bank)
• Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Maryland
had no right to tax a
federal institution.
Gibbons v. Ogden
• Established that states could not enact legislation (laws) that would interfere with Congressional Power over interstate commerce
Foreign Affairs
• Relations with Britain
– Sec. of State John Quincy Adams try to resolve disputes with Britain and Spain
– Rush-Bagot Treaty
• USA and Britain set limits on the number of naval ships each could have on the Great Lakes
• Disarmament—removal of weapons
• Americans get the right to settle in the Oregon Country
Relations with Spain• 1818 Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida,
seized 2 forts and hanged 2 British agents
• Sec. of War Calhoun wanted Jackson court-martialed—tried by the military court
• Adams-Onis Treaty
– Spain gave Florida to the USA
– USA gave up claims to Texas
– 42nd Parallel becomes the border
Latin American Republics• Mexico
– Miguel Hidalgo led a rebellion against Spain 1810
– Miguel is executed but by 1821 Mexico gained its independence
• Bolivar and San Martin
– Simon Bolivar “Liberator”-won the independence for Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, and Ecuador
– Jose de San Martin gained independence for Chili and Peru
The Monroe Doctrine
• Document stated that the Western Hemisphere was closed to new European colonization.
• This document becomes the most import element of American foreign policy