units of measurement science 9 september 2014. vocab unit – a standard of measurement in which...
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Units of MeasurementScience 9
September 2014
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Vocab• Unit – a standard of measurement in which other
measurements are expressed.• English System (United States Customary System) –
system of measurement used in the US, includes inches, gallons, pounds, miles, etc.
• Metric System – system of measurement used in countries other than the US and by the scientific community; units are organized by factors of 10.
• Prefix – element placed at the beginning of a word that changes the meaning of the word; in the metric system, it indicates a unit smaller of larger than the basic unit by factors of 10.
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Why is measurement
important?• Use it in daily life
– Cooking– Construction– Decorating a room– Driving
• Communication– Need to be able to communicate
measurements and distances to other people
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Measurement & Physics
• Physicists try to find relationships between the quantities they measure use units of measurement to do this
• Measure the very largest and smallest things in the universe– Smallest: mass of an electron =
0.000000911 yg– Largest: light years (distances between stars
and galaxies
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Units of MeasurementDistanc
eMass Time Area/
VolumeTemperature
inch milligram
hours in^2, in^3
Fahrenheit
meter ounces seconds m^2, m^3
Celsius
mile pounds days Liters Kelvin
feet gram months Galloncentimeter
kilogram
years Quart
millimeter tons minutes Pint
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How to use a ruler:1. Determine if you are
measuring in centimeters or inches and find that unit’s side of the ruler.
inches
centimeters
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How to use a ruler2. Place the “0” mark at one end of the
object you are measuring.
“0” mark
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How to Use a Ruler3. Record the ruler marking that falls at
the other end of the objectFor INCHES: - Each dash after a whole inch is 1/16
of an inchFor CENTIMETERS: - Each dash after a whole centimeter is
1/10 of a centimeter
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Measurement Lab
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Relative SizeUnit Relative
SizeExamples
Inches 1 in Photo size, body parts
Feet 1 ft = 12 in Height of people, room size
Yard 1 yd= 3 ft Football field
Meters 1 m ~ 1 yd Height of people, track length
Kilometers 1km = 1000m Car travels, between cities
Centimeters 1 cm = 0.01 m
Paper, small machine parts, body parts
Millimeters 1 mm = 0.001 m
Coins
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Two Main Systems of Measurement
• United States Customary System (USCS)
• System International (SI)- Metric System
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USCS
• Used in the U.S. and Burma• Distance: inch (in), foot (ft), yard
(yd), mile (mi)• Mass: pound (lb)• Time: second (sec)• Temperature: degrees Fahrenheit
(F)
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Metric System• Used by all other countries and the scientific
community• Units that are larger or smaller units than the
basic units are defined in multiples of 10
• Basic Units– Distance: meter (m)– Mass: gram (g)– Time: second (s)– Temperature: degrees Celsius– Volume: Litre (L)
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Metric System: Prefixes
• Adding a prefix to a basic metric unit increases or decreases the unit size by a factor of 10
• Prefixes are always added to the beginning of Metric basic units
• For example,– centimeter (cm)– milliliter (ml)– kilogram (kg)
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Metric PrefixesPrefix
Symbol
Relation to Basic Unit
milli- m 1000 mm = 1 m
centi- c 100 cm = 1 m
deci- d 10 dm = 1 m
deka- da 1 dam = 10 m
hecto- h 1 hm = 100m
kilo- k 1 km = 1000 m
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Common Unit Equivalencies
• 1 m = 100 cm
• 1 m = 1000 mm
• 1 km = 1000 m
• 1 ft. = 12 in.
• 1 yd. = 3 ft.
• 1 min = 60 s
• 1 hr = 60 min
• 1 day = 24 hr.
• 1 year = 365 days
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Conversion Hints• Staircase Method
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Rules to using the Staircase Method of
conversion1. Find the unit on the staircase where
you are STARTING. ex. Convert 5 m = ________ cmYou are starting at m.
2. Count up or down the stairs ending on the unit you need to convert to. ex. 5 m = ________ cmYou need to convert to cm.
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3. If you counted UP the stairs, move the decimal point LEFT.4. If you counted DOWN the stairs, move the decimal point RIGHT.
ex. 5 m = ________ cm
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5 m = ______ cm
Move decimal 2 places to the right.
5 m = 500 cm
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PRACTICE!!
• You will get a sheet to practice conversions.
• Use the staircase method (it is the easiest!)
• Do not be afraid to ask for help.