"United we stand, divided we fall..."

Shushma ManandharDeputy Director of StudiesPSTD,NASC,Jawalakhel

Today we are covering

● Need of Team Work● Group Dynamics and Team Roles● Team Building Process and Skills

Everybody's Story● This is a story about four people: Everybody,

Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody. ● There was an important job to be done and

Everybody was asked to do it. ● Everybody was sure Somebody would do it.

Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. ● Somebody got angry about that because it was

Everybody's job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn't do it.

● It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when actually Nobody asked Anybody.

Will you choose to be alone or in a group to write the following question ?

● What are the downsides of working in a group ? write at least 5 difficulties in 5 minutes.

Why do we join Teams ?

What are the benefits and down sides of working in team ?

Benefits

● Better outputs● Time saving● Sharing ideas and learn new things● Enhance knowledge and skills● Building relationship● Get protections● Reduce stress● Effective decisions● Hide weakness● Fun and enjoy

Downsides of a team● Only a few people may contribute. They

may dominate the group● (others are silent, indifferent, afraid to

contribute)● Shy and introvert members can’t learn● Different perceptions may lead to

misunderstandings● Arguments and disagreements may arise● That may spoil the relationship● Time and resources consuming

Teams don’t work without teamwork.It is the glue which keeps a team together, the oil that makes the team work.

Team work

● It is the skill of mixing with people .

● “It is the ability to work together toward a common vision. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results.”

-Andrew Carnegie

Understanding othersListening (listen first, speak second)Communicating (Questioning, answering, follow up)

Persuading / participatingRespecting/ acknowledging / trustingHelping / sharing

Team work skills

Able Leader

Supportive Members

Effective Team

"various activities undertaken to motivate and increase the overall performance of the team"

Activities within a TEAM

InstructionsSupervisionMotivation

Commitment towards taskCommunication Cooperation

Trust/Respect

Stages in Team Building (American organizational psychologist Bruce Tuckman in 1965)

1. Forming

2. Storming

3. Norming

4. Performing

5. Adjourning

Forming

● Stage of initial orientation and interpersonal testing

● The members of the team get to know one another,

● Seeking and exchange some personal information, and make new friends

● Desire to be accepted by others● Gathering impressions about each other

Storming

● Stage of conflict over the task and the way of operating

● Conflict arises for power, leadership and decision making

● competition and strained relationships among team members. (emotional and tensed)

● This is the most critical stage for the team. 

Norming

●  At this stage, come to a mutual plan for the team

● Agree with others to make the team function

● Roles are defined● Rules, values, behaviour, method and

procedures are established

Performing

● By this time, members are motivated and knowledgeable.

● Competent, autonomous and able to handle the decision-making process without supervision.

● Participative● Strong commitment● Achievement oriented

Adjourning (Deforming or Mourning)

● Task complete● Revision, analysis and evaluation of

achievements● Strategies● Disassembled

The story of hedgehogs

The best relationship is not the one that brings together perfect people,

but when each individual learns to live with the imperfections of others

and

can admire the other person's good qualities.

Group Dynamics and Roles

● Kurt Lewin, a social psychologist and change management expert, used the term "Group Dynamics" in early 1940s first time.

● Expressed the roles and behaviours of people when they work in a group

Who might be sacrificed

● Team work exercise

Belbin's Team Role Theory● Dr Meredith Belbin, a british researcher

identified mainly 3 Team Roles● Action Oriented- (Shaper, implementer,

completer finisher) -

● See obstacles as challenges, courageous to push things, extroverted and stimulate others.

● They put ideas and concepts into practical actions. ● Typically conservative, disciplined who work

systematically and efficiently, perfectionist but may be inflexible and somewhat resistant to change.

cont.

● People Oriented-● (Coordinator, Team worker, Resource

Investigator)-● Supportive and caring to the people.

negotiator, flexible, diplomatic and popular but indecisive

● Extroverted, overly optimistic but lose enthusiasm quickly

cont.

● Thought Oriented-● (Plant, Monitor Evaluator, Specialist)-

● Bring new ideas and concepts, innovators, knowledgeable, pride themselves for their ability, introverted, impractical, poor communicators, carefully weigh pros and cons, critical thinker, unemotional

There might be many characters in a team

● Lion (autocrat): tries to dominate or constantly interrupt

● Owl (show Off): talks and thinks as they know all the answers.

● Butterfly (opportunist): keeps changing the topic before others are ready.

● Hyena (aggressor): doesn't show respect to others, comments negatively about them.

● Sheep (avoider): refuses to focus on the task or on group relationship problems.

● Monkey (Critic): always sees the negative side to any argument, but never suggests alternatives. Puts down the ideas of others.

● Cat (help seeker): looks for sympathy from others

● Frog (Irritator): uses the group as a forum for inappropriate talk about self.

● Pigeon (Clown): shows no involvement in group and engages in distracting communication.

● Dog (loyal): obey his master without any hesitation

● Cow ( harmless): work in their own pace, don't hurt others but much chances of being hurt by others

Team Roles● Edward De Bono's Six thinking hats (1985)● (the father of lateral thinking)

● 1.White Hat - Facts and Figures● Focusing on relevant objectives, data are available

● 2.Red Hat - Emotions and Feelings● Explore any emotions provided valid information that also be considered.

Team Roles

● 3 Black Hat - Critical thinking. the devil's advocate. Ask what is

wrong with it, why it will not work ?

● 4. Yellow Hat - speculative positive. Optimistic,

highlight the potential benefits. Ask what if and take the

idea further.

Team Roles

● 5. Green Hat - Creative and Lateral Think about related ideas. Try to make

links and think new and different directions.

● Blue Hat - Control of thinking Think about the person (you) and

team. Examine the process for approaching the problem.

Case

What will you do to make your team effective

● What are the elements ?

A boat does not go forward if each one is rowing their own way.

So the target must be in same direction

Group purpose must be the same(right direction-sai mandir)

For better Team Work

There is no “I” in

“TEAMWORK”.

It’s less me

more

weSo there should be collective effort

Strong Leadership - always at the top

● The more able leader, more effective the team.

Leader

● must have good vision, more knowledge, skill and tactics

● takes little more share of blame and less of credit

● is a facilitator, not only an order giver ● a good listener/ motivator● does ordinary thing extra ordinarily

Understanding, Trust and Mutual Respect

Feeling free to share opinions and problems

Protecting and loyalty

Gaining trust in others, its not a easy job, but when you get it, things will be easier.

● How can be trust built ?● Being Positive● Fact Sharing● Cooperation● Responsiveness● Commitment ● Caring and Respecting

Proper knowledge and skill

Clear roles and responsibilities

Building Trust and Empathy

● Trust Brings respect and good interpersonal relation.

● Creates an easy and learning environment

Effective communication is a vital part of any team .

Prompt and tactful communication can clear things in time ( the beggar)

Communicate without hurting anyone's emotions (.....the fence)

It is a medium to tie the members in a harmony

Plan your project, your idea

Well preparation is half done.

Failing to plan = planning to fail

Plan your work, work to plan

Always put yourself in other's shoes, look the things from their side too.Cooperate

Have empathy

Never say, NO, that's not my job !

● The strength of the team is each individual member…

● The strength of each member is the team.

Don't think that the problem is non of my business ( mouse trap)

Face the problems and find out the solutions

When we have problem, don't blame it others, lets share it whatever if it is credit or blame.

No one is perfect, know the limitations

Common faith

Celebrate and reward team achievements

Do respect others, others respect you back

Michael, If you can’t pass, you can’t play.Coach Dean Smith to Michael Jordan.

The greatest enemy in a TEAM is ..............Ego, so

Never let ego come into your group

Unity is the strength

Summing up● Basic elements of effective teamwork

Strong leadership Clear Roles and responsibilities Effective communication Collaboration Participative decision-making Commitment and accountability Learning and sharing Supervision and monitoring Flexibility

Any query ?

sumisayemi@gmail.com

Appendix B: “Are We a Team?” checklist (Levin & Kent, 2001)

● We all show equal commitment to our objective.● We all take part in deciding how work should be allocated.● We are committed to helping each other learn.● We acknowledge good contributions from team members.● We handle disagreements and conflicts constructively within the

team.● We are able to give constructive criticism to one another and to

accept it ourselves.● We all turn up to meetings and stay to the end.● We are good at making sure that everyone knows what’s going on.● When one of us is under pressure, others offer to help him or her.● We trust each other.● We remain united even when we disagree.● We support each other to outsiders.● We feel comfortable and relaxed with one another.