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United StatesDepartment ofAgriculture
ForestService
NorthernResearch Station
General TechnicalReport NRS-29
Woody Detritus Density and Density Reduction Factors for Tree Species in the United States: A SynthesisMark E. Harmon, Christopher W. Woodall, Becky Fasth, and Jay Sexton
AbstractWoody detritus biomass estimates are most often achieved by determining the volume of dead wood and then converting to mass by use of density values. There have been few studies on how density (mass/volume) of this material changes during the decay process. The goal of this study was to synthesize both published and unpublished data on woody detritus density so as to improve estimates of coarse woody detritus (CWD) and fi ne woody detritus (FWD) biomass across the diverse forests of the United States. In the case of CWD, a total of 88 species were found to have data on densities for fi ve decay classes that had been published and/or collected in North America from the boreal to the tropical zones. In general, density declined from decay class 1 to 5 with at least fi ve density reduction patterns observed. For FWD, our search indicated approximately 25 species had been sampled. FWD density was a function of piece diameter and the general state of decay. We determined that by sampling representative species within a genus, the uncertainty of CWD estimates could be reduced by up to 50 percent over not having sampled a genus. Our analysis indicated that the uncertainty of FWD mass estimation ranged from 12 to 19 percent when FWD relative density was estimated. We conclude that a more systematic sampling of CWD and FWD density is needed for major species if uncertainties of mass estimates nationwide are to be reduced.
The AuthorsMARK E. HARMON, Richardson Chair and Professor, Department of Forest
Science, Oregon State University
CHRISTOPHER W. WOODALL, Research Forester, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station
BECKY FASTH, Research Assistant, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University
JAY SEXTON, Senior Research Assistant, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University
Manuscript received for publication December 2007
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CONTENTS
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Importance of Woody Detritus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Measurement of Woody Detritus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Data, Methods, and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Field Methods Common to Most Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Steps in Estimating Dead Wood Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Assessing the State of Decay of Woody Detritus . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Density Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Mass Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Data Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 CWD Predictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 FWD Predictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Analysis of Uncertainty on CWD Mass Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Analysis of Uncertainty on FWD Mass Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . 10 Biomass to Carbon Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Qualitative Changes in CWD Decay Classes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Density of Decomposing CWD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 CWD Density Reduction Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Fine Woody Debris Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Uncertainties of CWD Mass Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Uncertainties of FWD Mass Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Biomass to Carbon Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Databases of Density Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Examples of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Within a Decay or Size Class for a Species and Site . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Within a Species and Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Within a Species for All Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Within a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 All Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
(Contents continued on next page)
Future Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Literature Cited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appendices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Appendix 1 Literature sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Appendix 2 CWD absolute density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Appendix 3 CWD relative density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Appendix 4 FWD absolute and relative density. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Appendix 5 Examples of estimates 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Appendix 6 Examples of estimates 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
CONTENTS (continued)
1
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANCE OF WOODY DETRITUS
Woody detritus or dead wood is an important part of forest ecosystems. Although woody detritus is associated with many ecological benefi ts (plant and animal habitat, carbon, nutrient and water storage, as well as soil formation), the magnitude of these benefi ts varies with the species of log, the environment (i.e., climate, soil characteristics, topography), and the amount of dead wood on a site (Franklin et al. 1987, Harmon et al. 1986, Triska and Cromack 1980). The same is true for possible negative aspects of this material such as a source of fuel infl uencing fi re behavior and smoke emissions. Therefore, this material is increasingly being included in ecological studies and environmental assessments, and the number of publications on this subject is rapidly growing.
Woody detritus takes many forms. It may range from sound to highly decayed materials. Woody detritus is present as roots, stumps, branches (including attached dead branches), standing dead (i.e., snags), downed material, and buried wood in litter, duff, and mineral soil. Very few inventories measure all these forms and size classes—snags and downed material being the most commonly measured. For example, the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the U.S. Forest Service conducts a national inventory of woody material including standing dead, FWD (fi ne woody detritus), and CWD (coarse woody detritus) (for more details, see Woodall and Monleon 2008). FWD with the exception of roots is typically less than 7.6 to 10 cm, the former size limit being based on lag-times of fuels (i.e., the time to equilibrate with the atmosphere in terms of moisture content; see Burgan 1988). For woody roots the size break is usually 2 mm, which is based on conventions on the maximum size of live fi ne roots. CWD exceeds these diameters but also typically must exceed a length of 1 m. It can either be standing (e.g., snags) or downed (e.g., logs).
MEASUREMENT OF WOODY DETRITUS
Measurements of woody detritus abundance include the number of pieces per area, volume, mass, and cover (typically either basal area for snags or projected cover for logs). Many ecosystem functions, such as a fuel for fi re, depend on
2
mass. However, there is a basic problem because the mass of woody detritus is not easy to directly measure unless the material is very small. Volume is easier to measure, and most methods, be they transect- or plot-based, measure piece dimensions to estimate volume (Brown 1974, Harmon and Sexton 1996). Mass can be derived from volume if the density (i.e., mass/volume) of this material is known. A similar problem exists with live trees because these are also rarely weighed directly. Rather, equations to predict volume from more easily measured dimensions such as diameter at breast height and/or height are established. Volume can then be converted to mass using the density of wood and bark. Unfortunately, estimation of woody detritus amounts is not as straightforward as for live trees. Woody detritus is often irregular in shape relative to live trees and therefore volume is estimated directly for each piece by techniques such as line intercepts or dimensional measures in plots. Moreover, rather than a single density value per species, the density of woody detritus pieces also depends on the extent of decomposition. This change can be dealt with by recognizing various decay classes of material and determining the density of each decay class. When decay class-specifi c density and elemental concentrations are coupled with the volume in each decay class, one can estimate the mass, carbon, and nutrient stores of woody detritus.
The downed woody material (DWM) sampling design of the FIA program uses line-intersect transects to estimate the volume of downed CWD and FWD, but not their biomass (Woodall and Williams 2005). Biomass conversion constants published in the literature are currently used to convert volume to biomass. Two constants are used: (1) the initial density (i.e., specifi c gravity) and (2) a decay reduction factor that accounts for the decline in density as this form of detritus decomposes. Unfortunately, there are very few published values of the decay class-specifi c density or decay reduction factors; these have typically been available only for a few western tree species (Sollins et al. 1987). The little work that has been done has shown that species have different patterns of density decline (Yatskov et al. 1993). Thus, uncertainty in biomass estimates can be introduced if the incorrect pattern is assumed for a species that has not been studied. FIA’s own simulation studies have shown that a 15-percent variation in biomass conversion constants could affect a plot’s total DWM biomass estimate by 5 percent (Woodall and Lutes 2004). However, because FIA uses decay reduction factors based on a few western tree species for the entire Nation, conversion constants may vary in excess of 50 percent causing substantial error in biomass estimates.
3
OBJECTIVES
Given the fact woody detritus inventories are rapidly becoming a common component of forest resource inventories around the world, there is great need to refi ne the constants used in biomass estimation procedures for both CWD and FWD. While the current datasets on changes in wood density with decomposition are far from ideal, a substantial amount of published and unpublished data exists. Therefore, the goal of this study was to synthesize both published and unpublished data on woody detritus density and carbon content to improve estimates of CWD and FWD biomass and carbon across the diverse forests of the United States. The specifi c objectives of this study are to (1) estimate CWD and FWD density across decay classes for the tree species currently considered by the FIA inventory, (2) develop a methodology to estimate the uncertainty in these estimates, (3) provide examples of how these estimates can be used, (4) suggest future study directions to reduce uncertainty in these estimates, and (5) provide preliminary biomass to carbon conversion factors.
4
DATA, METHODS, AND ANALYSIS
DATA
We assembled data from two sources. Over the years a substantial quantity of decayed wood density data has been generated by the Andrews Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) program. Some of this data has been published, but much of it has not, at least in terms of densities for decay classes. This program has also produced a large dataset on undecayed branch density as part of branch decomposition studies that have been conducted over the years. The other source was the published literature, which, although not as extensive as the fi rst source, does provide information for many systems not sampled (Appendix 1).
FIELD METHODS COMMON TO MOST STUDIESSteps in Estimating Dead Wood MassEstimating the mass of decomposing wood involves several steps. Ideally one would weigh the mass of woody debris in an area, but realistically this would be time consuming and physically diffi cult. The fi rst step is to measure the density of the wood to be inventoried by sampling wood and bark in a range of decay states. The second step is to determine the volume of the woody detritus in the inventory area by decay classes. The third step is to convert the volume to mass using the decay class-specifi c density values. Finally, total mass can be converted to specifi c elemental stores by knowing the concentration of elements such as carbon and nitrogen. Unfortunately, volume inventories are often conducted without knowledge of how density or nutrient contents change with decay class. While some substitution of these conversion factors is inevitable, it has been common to use western U.S. conifer values for many temperate biomes and in some cases tropical ones. This introduces substantial uncertainty in woody detritus mass and other related estimates (e.g., carbon stocks, fuel loadings, smoke emissions).
Assessing the State of Decay of Woody Detritus Decay classes are a subjective way to break the decomposition process, which is a continuum, into recognizable stages. While continuous methods using techniques such as ordination exist (Harmon et al. 1987), they are very awkward
5
to implement in the fi eld. Classes can be defi ned by the presence of criteria that tend to be associated with certain decay classes. However, there can be a great deal of variation within and between pieces of decomposing wood, and this may cause misclassifi cation of some individuals. By averaging over a large number of pieces, these errors tend to cancel out.
The number of decay classes used varies from study to study. For CWD, as many as 13 classes and as few as 2 classes have been used in the past (Harmon et al. 1986). One of the more common systems developed in the Pacifi c Northwest uses fi ve decay classes (Sollins 1982). For FWD, a single average number is often used, although a separation into undecayed or fresh versus decayed has also been used especially after recent disturbance (Brown 1974). The density of decayed FWD tends to be highly variable, and it is highly dependent on whether pieces are added in a pulse or continuously. When added as a pulse, many FWD pieces have similar densities that decrease through time. When continuously added, the average density of FWD is likely to be fairly consistent; however, there is a great range in densities depending on when a particular piece was added.
It has been demonstrated that wood density generally declines as decay advances with some exceptions. For CWD, some species have very decay resistant heartwood (e.g., black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia). If the outer decayed sapwood and bark layers disappear via respiration or fragmentation and the residual heartwood has little decay, then more advanced decay classes can theoretically have an increase in density. The same can be true for FWD such as branches, which often lose decomposed outer wood as decomposition proceeds. This often results in an undecayed, resin-impregnated core of wood being left; as the proportion of this resin-impregnated wood increases the density can increase.
Density DeterminationDensity is expressed as a dry mass divided by green volume in most cases, although density can be determined in alternative ways. For example, recently resistance drill systems have been used, although these are usually calibrated to traditional methods. For FWD it is typical to collect a random sample within an area or along transects. For CWD a number of logs, snags, or stumps of each decay class are located and then subsampled with a chainsaw to remove cross-sections along the stem. Alternatively, a coring device is used to remove samples, although this can be used only for relatively sound wood. Key characteristics such as presence of leaves, twigs, branches, bark, cross-sectional shape, wood hardness, and strength are typically recorded. Volume is determined either by displacement in water or a particulate solid (e.g., millet seed), taking a known volume using a core, or by measuring external dimensions. While determining volume using water displacement is probably the most accurate method for solid
6
samples, it is relatively slow and works best for small volumes. However, it is very diffi cult to use this method for highly decomposed wood and bark, which means either decay classes with this material are not included or only the more solid pieces are examined leading to an uncertainty or outright bias for more advanced stages of decay. Coring suffers from the same problem regarding the extent of decay present. While volumes determined by external dimensions are less precise, these measurements can be taken quite rapidly in the fi eld on very large volumes. This eliminates bias and leads to a better averaging of density within a piece.
Mass DeterminationMass of samples is typically determined by drying in an oven, often at temperatures ranging between 55 and 75 ºC until mass remains constant. This can take weeks for even small cross-sections. To speed up drying times, smaller subsamples are often used. This entails weighing the entire sample and then subsampling for moisture determination. The ratio of oven dried mass to the fresh mass of the subsample is used to convert the fresh mass to dry mass of the entire sample.
As noted above, for FWD, decay classes are not usually noted, although green versus decayed material generally may be recorded separately. Subsamples are sometimes taken to determine density for a particular ecosystem, but this is rarely done and the default values presented in Brown (1974) are often used. When sampled, volume is determined by measuring dimensions of pieces or by volume displacement. Mass is determined via oven drying using approaches similar to that of CWD.
ANALYSIS
Woody detritus density was expressed in two ways: absolute density (mass/green volume) and relative density (decayed density/undecayed density). Relative density is alternatively called the density reduction factor in the FIA system. We used the existing data to estimate both variables for all the species inventoried by the FIA. In addition to estimating the mean values, we estimated the uncertainty associated with these estimates of density, with the least uncertainty for species that had been sampled and the most for genera that had not been sampled. To estimate densities for species that had not been sampled, we examined the pattern of density reduction for related species and genera that had been sampled. In the case of CWD, we compared absolute and relative density among fi ve decay classes. For FWD, we were able to use only two decay classes (i.e., undecayed versus decayed), although we did this for three size classes.
7
Data Processing When several sources of data for a species, genus, decay class, or size class were available, we combined the values to estimate an average and standard error. When sample sizes were listed, we used those to weight the average as well as the standard error of the samples. When sample sizes were not listed, we calculated a simple average and used the highest observed standard error as an estimate of uncertainty. For undecayed wood density of CWD, we used estimates provided by the FIA database, which is largely derived from the Wood Handbook (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1999). Although not all FWD studies reported species-specifi c values, we assumed that they represented the values of the dominant species in the ecosystem from which they had been sampled.
CWD PredictionsWe used the available information to estimate the CWD density (absolute and relative) of each species currently encountered in the national FIA inventory. While it is important to estimate the mean density of decayed wood for all species, it is even more important to estimate the uncertainty introduced in this process. We devised a system in which the uncertainty would increase as the degree of extrapolation increased. Minimal extrapolation was involved when a species had been sampled and maximum extrapolation was involved when a genus had not been sampled. The uncertainty was expressed as the standard error of the mean. There were three levels of uncertainty:
A. Species that had been sampled. In this case the mean was the average of all the observed values and the uncertainty was represented by the standard error of the mean. The uncertainty in relative density was calculated as the standard error of the mean absolute density divided by the undecayed density. In this case the uncertainty term only involved sampling error.
B. Genera that had been sampled. If a species had not been sampled, but others in its genus had been sampled then there was some question as to where the mean would lie. The mean density was estimated by averaging the minimum and maximum relative density for the species in the genus that had been sampled. The absolute density was determined by multiplying the undecayed density of that species by the mean relative density. In this case the uncertainty involved not only sampling error, but also uncertainty about the mean itself. We used the maximum difference of mean relative density observed in the genus for each decay class to provide an estimate of uncertainty associated with the genus mean. This was then increased by two standard errors of the mean of the relative density for observed species to account for sampling errors. We then assumed that 95 percent of the estimates of the mean would fall within
8
that range and divided it by 4 to rescale it to something akin to a standard error. The uncertainty of the absolute density was then calculated by multiplying the undecayed density of the species by the uncertainty in the relative density.
C. Species and genus not sampled. In this case the mean could lie anywhere between the minimum and maximum of the observed values. We therefore estimated the mean as the average of the minimum and maximum observed values of relative density. The absolute density was the product of the mean relative density and the undecayed density. The uncertainty was calculated as when only genera were sampled (section B above); however, we used the maximum difference in relative density means of all the species that had been examined.
FWD PredictionsWe also estimated green and decayed density of FWD of the species encountered in the FIA inventory. For undecayed density, we used actual measures or in most cases derived this from undecayed branch density to undecayed bole density ratios (branch to bole ratios). For decayed density, we used either means of observed values or derived them from decayed versus undecayed FWD density ratios. As with CWD, in addition to estimating the mean value, we also estimated the uncertainty in FWD estimates based on the level of information available:
A. Species that had been sampled for FWD density. We used the mean and standard error of the observed values of undecayed and decayed density. We calculated the relative density by dividing the mean by the undecayed density. We calculated the uncertainty of the relative density by dividing the standard error of decayed density by the mean undecayed density. When the standard error had not been reported for a species, we multiplied the maximum relative variation of species where this statistic had been reported by the mean density of the species in question to provide some estimate of uncertainty.
B. Species lacking undecayed FWD density values. We used the mean bole density multiplied by the mean ratio of branch to bole density to estimate undecayed FWD density. The uncertainty in undecayed FWD density using this method was determined by multiplying the standard error of this ratio for all species with observations by the bole density of the species that was being estimated.
C. Species lacking decayed FWD density. Estimates of decayed FWD density for species that have not been sampled were computed from the product of the mean ratio of decayed to green branch density for species and the green density of the species to be estimated. The uncertainty in the decayed FWD density for this set of species was estimated by:
9
UDecayed FWD = sqrt (ID2*UID2 +DGR2*UDGR
2)
where UDecayed FWD is the uncertainty in decayed FWD density, ID is the mean initial density, UID is the uncertainty in initial density, DGR is the decay to undecayed ratio, and UDGR is the uncertainty in the undecayed ratio. This formula accounts for the fact that uncertainty for decayed FWD density is a function of two uncertainties. Our formula assumed no correlation between the uncertainties.
Analysis of Uncertainty on CWD Mass EstimatesWe analyzed the uncertainty of CWD mass estimates caused by using current knowledge about relative density of decay classes. This was achieved by applying various density reduction patterns that are commonly observed to the following likely decay class volume distributions:
A. Normal distribution. The distribution of decay classes with respect to volume depends on the time interval that the decay class represents as well as the nature of the inputs. For the fi ve decay class system we used, the tendency is for the time interval represented to increase geometrically as decay classes advance. For example, decay class 2 lasts about twice as long as decay class 1, and decay class 3 lasts roughly twice as long as decay class 2, etc. If the input of dead trees to the forest is uniform over time, this tends to result in a peaked volume distribution. Decay class 3 has the most volume because it includes a relatively long period relative to decay classes 1 and 2 and has not lost a great deal of volume to decomposition relative to decay classes 4 and 5. A steady input of CWD, therefore, leads to a normal distribution of decay classes in terms of volume (Harmon et al. 1986).
B. Exponential distributions. If there is a pulse in dead tree inputs, one can also have a peak in volume that advances from decay class to decay class as the forest ages. To assess a situation in which there had been a recent pulse of input, we used a negative exponential volume distribution. To look at a pulse that occurred in the distant past, we used the complement of this distribution (i.e., classes 1 and 5 were switched, etc).
C. Uniform distribution. Although not common, a uniform distribution was used where the volume of each decay class was equal to determine an “average” uncertainty.
D. Observed distribution. This was based on large-scale summaries from the FIA databases for Maine and gives a sense of the actual operational uncertainty likely to be encountered. The data were taken from 200 plots and involved approximately 2,400 CWD pieces.
10
To calculate the uncertainty in CWD biomass estimates, the relative volume in each decay class was multiplied by a range of relative density reduction patterns to assess the range of mass estimates that would occur. The relative density reduction patterns that were investigated included (1) a steady decrease from decay class to decay class, (2) an asymptotic pattern with decay classes 4 and 5 similar, (3) a mid-plateau in density decline with decay classes 2 and 3 being similar, and (4) the pattern for Douglas-fi r (the most commonly used pattern in previous studies). We also assessed the uncertainty for a well-sampled species (Douglas-fi r) and a well-sampled genus (pines) as well as the minimum and maximum relative values observed. The latter two patterns place upper and lower uncertainty bounds on species or genera that have not been sampled. For most cases, the products of relative volume and relative density for each decay class for each relative density reduction pattern were summed and then compared to the value for Douglas-fi r, which serves as a useful reference given that this pattern of density change has been used frequently. The exception was that for the overall minimum and maximum relative densities we used the mean of all species as the reference.
Analysis of Uncertainty on FWD Mass EstimatesWe assessed the importance of two facets of uncertainty for estimates of FWD mass. The fi rst aspect was the effect of having directly determined the relative density of decayed FWD; this was assessed by comparing the uncertainty in relative density of species that had actual samples versus those that did not. The second aspect involved the fact that the current system estimates an average FWD relative density, but does not account for the effect of pulses of input. Given that many sound branches and tops are left after disturbances such as harvests, pulses of FWD input are common. Immediately after a disturbance, FWD density is likely to be close to the undecayed density. As the time since the disturbance increases, the overall density of FWD is likely to decline at least until new material replaces it. To mimic this situation, we tracked the abundance and relative density of two sources of wood: a pulse and that due to regular mortality processes. For the pulse, we assumed the abundance of this FWD pool would follow a negative exponential decline. We assumed the density of the pulse would also decline, but that density would asymptote to refl ect the presence of decay resistant portions of branches (i.e., knots). For the FWD generated by regular mortality processes, we assumed that pool would gradually accumulate and that the density would decline to a lesser degree given that undecayed wood is being added regularly. This asymptote was assumed to equal the average value we found in our analysis of the FWD dataset. We assumed the rate the pulse FWD was lost was the same as the rate the new FWD accumulated. Given that the accumulation rate is often close to the disappearance rate, this assumption is reasonable (Olson 1963). We explored the effect of not knowing the decay
11
state of FWD by varying the size of the pulse from 5, 10, and 20 times the size of the regular FWD pool. We also varied the asymptotic density of the pulse of FWD from a relative density of 0.1 to 0.4 as well as explored the effect of the decomposition rate of FWD. We then noted the difference between the minimum and the average relative density because this indicated the uncertainty that might be introduced by not noting the decay state of FWD.
Biomass to Carbon Conversion Factors We reviewed the literature to fi nd estimates of the carbon concentration of dead wood in various states of decomposition. Given the paucity of data, we averaged across all species within CWD decay classes to derive a mean estimate. For FWD we averaged across all species for undecayed and decayed wood. We used all available data to derive a standard error of carbon concentration, weighting these estimates by the sample sizes reported in the publications.
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RESULTS
QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN CWD DECAY CLASSES
The following describes the general qualitative changes observed as logs decompose. While not all species move through this exact progression, many do; major exceptions are noted. Decay class 1 logs are the least decomposed, with most having leaves still attached and all having intact bark, fi ne twigs, and branches. Logs originating from cutting may not have branches and twigs, but the cuts appear fresh and have not yet turned gray due to sun bleaching. Decay class 2 logs are ones starting to decompose, leaves largely are absent, and many of the fi ne twigs have fallen off the larger branches. Bark is typically loose, but only starting to fall off the log. An exception would be for the genera Betula and Prunus, which tend to retain bark throughout decomposition. For all species, there is evidence the surface layers of the wood are decomposing, but the inner, central region of the wood is undecayed unless previously infected with heart rots. For logs originating from cutting, the ends are gray from sun bleaching. Decay class 3 logs have only a few large branches remaining, often in the form of stubs, the bark is falling off in large patches, and evidence of sloughing of sapwood is also evident. The outer wood is easily crushed by hand, although the inner portions can appear completely sound. Despite the large amount of decay, decay class 3 logs are able to support their own weight along most of their length. For certain genera with decay resistant heartwoods, such as Calocedrus, Quercus, and Thuja, decayed sapwood may fall off to the extent that relatively sound heartwood may form the outer surface. Decay class 4 logs cannot support their own weight and most of their length conforms to the contours of the underlying ground. Although circular cross-sections can remain, much of the log forms an elliptical cross-section. Branches, if present, are short stubs, which move when pulled. This indicates decay has spread to the innermost portions of the log and has weakened the wood considerably. Bark, if present, is in small loose patches on the log and found in piles alongside or under the log. In the case of the genera Betula and Prunus, the bark loosely surrounds the inner, highly decomposed wood. Decay class 5 logs are the most decomposed, of elliptical shape (the long axis is often many times that of the short axis), and are beginning to be incorporated into the forest fl oor. The wood is extremely decayed, usually in the
13
form of cubical brown rot that can be easily crushed by hand. Bark is not evident from the surface (except for the genera Betula and Prunus) and in most cases underlies the extremely decomposed wood.
DENSITY OF DECOMPOSING CWD
A total of 88 species were found to have data on CWD decay class densities that had been published and/or collected from North America from the boreal to the tropical zones. Most species (53) were from either boreal or temperate ecosystems. A total of 49 genera had some data about CWD decay class density, most of which were represented by one species. Of the species compiled, 60 were hardwood and 28 were softwood species.
Examining all the species that have been sampled reveals that wood density of CWD decay classes declines as expected, but that it is highly variable (Fig. 1). Much of this variation is associated with variation in the initial density, which ranges from 0.25 to 0.95 g/cm3. Expressed as a percent, minimum and maximum initial densities are 52 percent lower and 95 percent higher than the mean value, respectively. The relative variation appears to increase through decay class 3 and then declines for decay classes 4 and 5. This pattern may be caused by decomposition and wood’s lack of structural integrity below a certain density.
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Figure 1.—Density of all species sampled by decay class. Each point represents the mean of a species that has been sampled for each decay class.
14
Comparison of hardwood and softwood mean density indicates that softwoods have a slightly lower density than hardwoods for decay classes 1 to 3 (Fig. 2). However, the mean densities of decay class 4 are quite similar for softwoods and hardwoods. Hardwood density, at least for undecayed wood and decay classes 1 to 3, appears more variable than softwood density. The variation, expressed as a range, within these groups is much higher than the variation between these two groups. This classifi cation would therefore not seem to be a useful way to stratify unsampled species, although the uncertainty for softwood density is considerably lower than that for hardwoods.
CWD DENSITY REDUCTION PATTERNS
When all species that have been sampled are considered, there is a clear decrease in relative density as CWD decay class advances (Fig. 3). Although the mean relative density exhibits a steady decline, the maximum and minimum relative density can be as much as 60 percent higher or 40 percent lower than the mean, respectively. The greatest differences between the minimum and maximum appear in decay classes 2 and 3, but even for decay class 1 there is considerable variation. Despite the high level of variation observed, relative density is less variable than absolute density. This indicates that removing the effect of initial density can help reduce uncertainty when estimating density of unsampled species.
As with absolute density, dividing the species into hardwoods and softwoods does not appear to help reduce uncertainty in estimating relative density.
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Figure 2.—Density of hardwood versus softwood by decay class. The mean as well as the minimum and maximum for each class are displayed.
15
Although the mean relative density of hardwoods is slightly lower than that of softwoods (Fig. 4), these differences are very small compared to the range in values observed. For example, the relative density of decay class 3 hardwoods is 0.1 relative density units lower than that for softwoods. However, this is approximately one-third the difference between the minimum and the mean for hardwoods. The range for softwoods is lower than that for hardwoods, but as with absolute density it completely overlaps that of hardwoods. This
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Figure 3.—Relative density of all species by decay class. Each point represents a species that has been sampled for each decay class. The relative density is the observed density divided by the initial or green density.
Figure 4.—Relative density of hardwood versus softwood by decay class. The mean as well as the minimum and maximum for each class are displayed.
16
indicates that separating species by hardwood versus softwood classes will not substantially decrease the uncertainty in prediction of mean relative density. However, separation into these two classes might reduce uncertainty below using the maximum and minimum of all species because the uncertainty range for softwoods is lower than that for hardwoods.
At least 18 temperate genera have been sampled, about half of which contain multiple species. Several patterns of relative density decline are evident in the mean for each genus, which suggests that perhaps stratifying by genus would reduce uncertainty (Fig. 5). However, plotting the minimum and maximum relative density for well-sampled genera indicates there is considerable variation (as much as 0.2 relative density units) within each genus (Fig. 6). This variation is quite high relative to the typical standard error of the mean for a species, which generally ranges from 0.02 to 0.05 relative density units. This indicates that while genus may be used to predict unsampled species, the uncertainty would be as much as tenfold higher than for species that have been sampled.
Examination of the mean of each species indicates a number of repeated patterns in relative density declines (Fig. 7). The simplest pattern, a steady decline in density (hereafter referred to as the S pattern), was observed for 15 species (Fig. 7a). In this case, density appeared to decline by approximately an equal amount between decay classes 1 to 4 and then to a lesser degree from decay class 4 to 5. The most common pattern, a lag followed by steady decline (the
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abies aceralnus betulacalocedrus caryacastanea fagusfraxinus liquidambarliriodendron piceapinus populuspseudotsuga quercusthuja tsugaall
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Pseudotsuga
Figure 5.—Mean relative density for common temperate genera.
17
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LS pattern), occurred in 30 species (Fig. 7b). In this pattern, decay class 1 is similar in density to fresh wood and then there is a steady decline in density. A lag that lasted into decay class 2 was evident in fi ve species, and this was typically followed by a steady decline of density in decay classes 3 to 5 (the SLS pattern; Fig. 7c). For six species, it appears that a steady decline is followed by an asymptote in decay classes 4 and 5 (the A pattern; Fig. 7d). This pattern is the one followed by Douglas-fi r, the most common species used to represent density reduction patterns. The most complex pattern involved an initial decline in density to decay class 1, followed by a mid-plateau, and fi nally a steady decline in density (the MP pattern; Fig. 7e). This pattern was followed by seven species.
Understanding the causes of these patterns might be helpful in predicting unsampled species. Unfortunately, we can only hypothesize about possible controls of these patterns. It is possible that the lags we observed in the LS and SLS patterns are associated with the progression of exterior indicators of decay versus the loss of wood via decomposition. In species or environments in which the exterior indicators develop quickly relative to the rate of wood decomposition, the interior wood does not have “enough time” to lose density. Thus, a “lag” in density decline appears. Conversely, if exterior indicators take longer to develop, then the wood can decompose to a greater degree and a steady density decline appears. This difference might not be caused by the species per se, but the environment. In cold and wet environments, bole decomposition rates can be very slow due to waterlogging (Harmon et al. 1986). The same limitation would not be evident for leaves, twigs, and branches; therefore, their
Figure 6.—Examples of the mean, minimum, and maximum relative density for genera that have been well sampled. The number of species and total number of samples for each decay class are noted.
18
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Figure 7.—Relative density reduction patterns. The mean, minimum, and maximum relative densities are presented for each pattern. A: steady decline (S); B: lag followed by steady decline (LS); C: super lag followed by steady decline (SLS).
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19
decomposition would proceed ahead of the bole’s decomposition. The cause of the asymptotic pattern (A) might be related to the presence of a relatively small resistant core of wood, although this is unlikely in the case of Douglas-fi r. The most complex pattern, the MP, is possibly associated with a proportionally large amount of highly resistant wood. This would be typifi ed by western redcedar. In this case, sapwood decomposition is quite rapid leading to a decline to decay class 1. The remaining heartwood is, however, very resistant to decay and although certain indicators of decay class 3 develop (e.g., the sloughing of sapwood) the underlying wood remains relatively sound. Eventually this wood begins to decompose and weaken leading to the characteristics typical of decay class 4.
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Figure 7 (continued).—Relative density reduction patterns. The mean, minimum, and maximum relative densities are presented for each pattern. D: asymptotic (A); E: mid-plateau in density (MP).
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20
Although these density reduction patterns are useful for descriptive purposes, at this time they cannot be used for predictive purposes. First, as discussed above, the mechanisms causing the differences are not known. Second, determining the degree to which these patterns are statistically different is problematical. In some cases, patterns might differ for only one decay class (e.g., S versus the LS patterns) and therefore for most decay classes they are statistically the same. In others cases, the mean relative density of two patterns are quite different, yet the range for both patterns overlap considerably. Third, while it is logical to hypothesize density reduction patterns would be similar within a genus, we saw little evidence to support that hypothesis in the genera that had been well sampled.
FINE WOODY DEBRIS DENSITY
Relatively few species have had FWD density determined. Our literature search indicated approximately 25 species have been sampled, although some of these “species” represent mixtures named after a dominant species. Most studies appear to have been from northern regions.
The density of undecayed or green FWD decreased as diameter increased (Fig. 8). For example, in the smallest size class (0-8 mm diameter) the mean density of undecayed FWD was 0.61 g/cm3. In contrast, for the largest size class (25 to 76 mm diameter) the mean undecayed density was 0.50 g/cm3. Regardless of diameter, undecayed density was highly variable with values ranging between 0.1 and 0.95 g/cm3. Given the few species in which undecayed FWD has been determined, the ratio of undecayed branch density to bole wood density is a useful variable from which to predict the undecayed FWD density of species that have not yet been studied. These ratios also decline as diameter size class increases, refl ecting the decrease in FWD density as the size class increases (Fig. 9).
Density of decayed FWD also decreases as diameter size class increases (Fig. 10) from 0.44 to 0.38 g/cm3 from the smallest to largest size classes. Relative density of FWD as indicated by ratios of decayed to undecayed pieces increases as size class increases (Fig. 11). This indicates that large diameter pieces are less decomposed than smaller ones. Specifi cally, the largest pieces have a mean relative density of 0.88, whereas the smallest ones have a mean relative density of 0.61. This might be caused by the increased surface area to volume ratio of the smaller pieces, which might allow faster colonization by agents of decomposition.
21
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Figure 8.—Distribution of density of undecayed pieces of FWD for three size classes. (A) 0-1 cm, (B) 1-5 cm, (C) 5-12 cm.
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22
Figure 9.—Observed ratios of green or undecayed bole to branch density for three size classes (1=0-1 cm, 2=1-5 cm, 3=5-12 cm).
Figure 10.—Density of decayed FWD pieces for three size classes (1=0-1 cm, 2=1-5 cm, 3=5-12 cm).
Figure 11.—Relative density of decayed FWD for three size classes (1=0-1 cm, 2=1-5 cm, 3=5-12 cm).
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23
UNCERTAINTIES OF CWD MASS ESTIMATES
Douglas-fi r has been the most commonly used species to estimate decay class densities of unsampled species based on the assumption that all species density reduction patterns are similar. Using this as a standard to assess the differences with other possible density reduction patterns indicates that considerable error might have been introduced into CWD biomass estimates (Fig. 12). The size of the error depends on both the density reduction pattern and the volume distribution. For example, if the steady density decline pattern (S) actually occurred, then depending on the distribution of volume for the decay classes, the CWD mass might have been 4 to 12 percent higher than calculated using the Douglas-fi r density reduction pattern. While many of these volume distributions are theoretical, it is important to note that the observed volume distribution indicated using Douglas-fi r density reduction patterns would have led to 12 percent less CWD biomass than was actually there if the S density reduction pattern was followed. Likewise for the LS pattern (lag-steady), there might have been 20 to 35 percent more CWD biomass present than calculated using Douglas-fi r density reduction patterns. Douglas-fi r density reduction patterns seem to underestimate for the MP (mid-plateau) pattern as well; there might have been 14 to 44 percent more CWD biomass if the MP pattern was followed. As with the S pattern, the largest errors for the LS and MP patterns occurred for the observed distribution. The overall conclusion is that use of Douglas-fi r density reduction patterns has probably underestimated CWD biomass in FIA inventories.
05
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Figure 12.—Uncertainty in CWD mass estimates using various relative density reduction patterns. The differences in two common density reduction patterns relative to that of Douglas-fi r in estimated biomass assuming various volume distributions (uniform, peaked, negative exponential, and observed).
24
Comparison of the uncertainty for a well-sampled species (Douglas-fi r) to that when a genus has not been sampled indicates that uncertainty of CWD biomass estimates could be reduced fourfold to tenfold by actually sampling species (Fig. 13). By sampling representative species within a genus, the uncertainty could be reduced by up to 50 percent over not having sampled a genus. Sampling species within a genus could result in a fi vefold to sevenfold reduction in uncertainty if values for well-sampled genera (e.g., pines) are typical. Depending on the volume distribution used, uncertainty in CWD biomass for a well-sampled species ranged from ±4 to 7 percent. For a well-sampled genus, the uncertainty ranged from ±21 to 38 percent. In contrast, if a species followed the maximum density reduction pattern, then the estimate of CWD biomass would be 38 to 56 percent higher than if it followed the mean for all species. Similarly, if a species followed the minimum density reduction pattern observed, then the CWD biomass estimated would be 39 to 54 percent lower than if it followed the mean for all species. This indicates that if the density reduction pattern was not known for a genus or species, then there is considerable uncertainty in estimates of CWD mass. Although these uncertainties are a function of the volume distribution assumed, it is important to note that some of the highest uncertainties (±55 percent) were for the observed volume distribution.
UNCERTAINTIES OF FWD MASS ESTIMATES
Our analysis indicated that when FWD relative density is actually measured, the uncertainty is 0.01 to 0.03. Expressed as a percent, this would mean an uncertainty of mass of 1 to 3 percent when species are sampled. In contrast, when
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Figure 13.—Uncertainty in CWD mass estimates based on the ranges expected for a well- studied species, a well-studied genus, and all the species sampled. The volume distributions included uniform, peaked, negative exponential, and observed.
25
relative density has to be estimated, the uncertainty of FWD mass estimation ranges from 12 to 19 percent. Sampling FWD density for species, therefore, would decrease uncertainty by up to an order of magnitude.
These conclusions need to be tempered with the realization that density is likely to vary considerably when pulses of FWD occur. Regardless of the size of the FWD pulse, there was a dip in the FWD relative density (Fig. 14). This was caused by the changing proportion between the pulse-related FWD and that added by regular mortality. Varying the decomposition rate of the pulse of FWD did not infl uence the range of relative densities that occurred. The larger the size of the pulse, the greater the dip in density as time since the pulse increased. Moreover, as difference between the average and the asymptotic density of the pulse increased, the uncertainty in the FWD relative density also increased. This sensitivity analysis indicates that even if the mean FWD density is known, there are times after disturbances when density could be at least 20 percent higher or lower than the average. For a less conservative set of parameter values, there are times after a disturbance that relative density could be less than half the average relative density. This indicates that the uncertainty introduced by not knowing the history of the stand could introduce as much error as not sampling a species.
BIOMASS TO CARBON CONVERSION FACTORS
There appears to be no consistent trend in carbon concentration as wood decomposes (Tables 1 and 2). The mean carbon concentration of CWD across all decay classes was 49.8 percent; the lowest mean concentration for a decay
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Figure 14.—Possible changes in FWD relative density caused by pulses of undecayed FWD of various sizes relative to background levels. In this case the pulse of FWD was assumed to disappear at a rate of 10 percent a year to a relative density of 0.2. The averaged relative density for FWD from regular mortality processes was assumed to be 0.8. The size of the pulse relative to regular mortality varies between lines.
Pulse size
26
class was 48.6 percent and the highest was 51.8 percent. For FWD the mean carbon concentration was 50.8 percent, with a range of 49.1 to 51.6 percent. Although the range of values within decay and size classes was up to 10 percent of the mean, the uncertainty in carbon concentrations used to convert biomass to carbon is very low relative to densities. As a fi rst approximation, using a mean concentration of 50 percent with an uncertainty of 2 percent would be adequate.
Table 1.—Biomass to carbon conversion factors for CWD based on percent carbon of samples
Decay class Mean Standard error Minimum Maximum percent carbon
1 49.9 0.7 47.8 51.5
2 48.8 0.7 42.4 53.6
3 48.6 1.5 42.4 51.6
4 51.8 0.9 48.2 55.2
5 50.1 1.3 41.8 55.2
Source of data: Busse (1994); Currie and Nadelhoffer (2002), Lang and Forman (1978), Harmon et al. (1987), Lambert et al. (1980).
Table 2.—Biomass to carbon conversion factors for FWD based on percent carbon of samples
Decay class Size class Mean Standard error Minimum Maximum cm percent carbon
Undecayed 1.0-2.5 50.8 2.0 51.5 50.3
Undecayed 2.5-5.0 49.8 1.2 50.0 49.5
Undecayed 5.0-10.0 49.1 0.1 49.1 49.1
Decayed 1.0-2.5 51.3 1.9 52.0 50.6
Decayed 2.5-5.0 51.6 2.9 52.4 51.0
Decayed 5.0-10.0 50.5 2.9 50.9 49.8
Source of data: Currie and Nadelhoffer (2002).
27
DATABASES OF DENSITY ESTIMATES
We have created three databases, two CWD and one FWD, that can be combined with woody detritus volume data to calculate the mass of this material (Appendices 2-4). For both FWD and CWD, we present the density in either absolute or relative terms. In the case of FWD, we report the estimates for absolute and relative density for each of three size classes in one database. For CWD, we report the estimates for the fi ve decay classes in separate absolute and relative density databases. For each estimate, except undecayed CWD, we present a code for the method of estimation, which, as described in the methods, determines the uncertainty of the estimate. While the absolute density values are probably the easiest to use, the relative density values help one understand how the absolute densities were calculated. In addition to an estimate of the most likely value (i.e., the mean or median value depending on how the estimate was made), we also present an uncertainty value. This is analogous to one standard error of the mean; therefore, to approximate the 95 percent confi dence intervals, the estimated uncertainty needs to be multiplied by 2 and then added and subtracted from the most likely value.
For both FWD and CWD, most species have not been sampled and therefore the uncertainty is generally high. For CWD, of the 260 species considered by the FIA inventory, 53 (20 percent) have been sampled for at least some decay classes. While sampling more species and genera would improve estimates, it should be noted that many major genera have been sampled. For FWD, very few species-size class combinations have been sampled, with only 25 of the possible 1,046 combinations with actual data. The low proportion of combinations sampled (2 percent) has led to a very high uncertainty in FWD density estimates.
28
EXAMPLES OF USE
Estimating the most likely value of mass of FWD or CWD is straightforward. If using the relative density values, then one needs to multiply the undecayed density by the relative density for each decay or size class, and then multiply that number by the volume in each decay or size class. Summing the masses for each decay or size class gives the total mass. If using the absolute density database, one multiplies the decay or size class density by the volume in each class and then sums to get the total mass.
Estimating the uncertainty in mass is complex with only an approximation of uncertainty. However, it is better to have some sense of this uncertainty than to not report it. Given that uncertainty can only be approximated, one needs to adopt several guiding principles. The fi rst is that it is better to overestimate than to underestimate uncertainty. Therefore, when there is a choice between using calculation methods that can give either higher versus lower estimates, the higher one should be selected as long as it represents a reasonable set of assumptions. Second, uncertainty estimation in a complex set of calculations can be broken down hierarchically: there is no reason to calculate all uncertainty terms at once. Third, understanding the correlation between variables is important to estimating overall uncertainty because as uncertainty terms for the parts are combined the degree of correlation determines whether the uncertainty is increased or reduced. For example, if all the uncertainties for each decay class are perfectly and positively correlated, then the total uncertainly will be maximized (i.e., the masses are either all the minimums or all the maximum masses). If, on the other hand, the uncertainties are perfectly and negatively correlated, then the total uncertainty will be minimized (i.e., some maximum masses are being offset by minimum masses). When there is no correlation between uncertainties in the decay classes, then the total uncertainty is intermediate. In the case of woody detritus mass estimates, the least likely case would be for all the uncertainties to be negatively correlated because there is no specifi c mechanism to cause this pattern.
Given the complexity of the problem there is no single formula to estimate uncertainty. One method would be to perform a Monte Carlo analysis drawing
29
from the distributions for the decay- and size-class databases. As an alternative, we combine uncertainties using calculations based on summary statistics. In the following sections, we present a series of calculations to provide examples, but because each project is likely to have data structured in different ways, it is best to use the examples only as guidance and not as a substitute for a project-specifi c analysis. To provide a hierarchical framework, we start at the fi nest level of detail (e.g., sampled species) and work toward more assumptions (e.g., unsampled genera). In this particular set of examples, we use subscripts to indicate the level within the hierarchy being considered (DC=decay class; Sp=species; S=site). Our example considers CWD, but a similar set of calculations could be performed for FWD if size classes were also considered. Specifi c examples for each level in the hierarchy are given in Appendices 5 and 6.
WITHIN A DECAY OR SIZE CLASS FOR A SPECIES AND SITE
To calculate the uncertainty for a decay class for a species at a particular site (or plot), the uncertainty can be estimated by multiplying the volume by the absolute density uncertainty values:
Uncertainty Mass DC-Sp-S = VolumeDC-Sp-S*Uncertainty DensityDC-Sp-S
WITHIN A SPECIES AND SITE
To calculate the uncertainty for species with estimated densities at a particular site (or plot), this term can be approximated by adding uncertainty in mass for all the decay classes:
Uncertainty Mass Sp-S = Σ Uncertainty MassDC-Sp-S
This assumes there is a perfect positive correlation of uncertainties for the decay classes, which refl ects the fact that an unsampled species is systematically underestimated or overestimated in terms of decay class specifi c densities. In other words, there is a consistent pattern for a species relative to the mean estimates. However, for species that have been sampled, it is likely that there are few systematic differences, and a random relationship would be more appropriate:
Uncertainty Mass Sp-S = sqrt Σ (Uncertainty MassDC-Sp-S2)
where the uncertainty of each decay class is squared and then summed. By taking the square root of this term, the total uncertainty for a species within a site can be estimated. This is based on the notion that the square of uncertainties are additive, but the uncertainties are not (i.e., variances are additive).
30
WITHIN A SPECIES FOR ALL SITES
To calculate the uncertainty for species that have not had density estimated when multiple sites (or plots) are combined, we assume the total uncertainty in mass can be estimated by adding uncertainty in mass for all the sites or plots:
Uncertainty Mass Sp = Σ Uncertainty MassSp-S
This assumes a perfect positive correlation in uncertainty, which is the most likely case for species that have not been sampled. In this case, all decay classes for a species at all places were likely either underestimated or overestimated to the same degree. For species that have been sampled for density, it is more realistic to assume that the uncertainties are not correlated and the uncertainty represents random variation in the population:
Uncertainty Mass Sp = sqrt Σ (Uncertainty MassSp-S2)
where the uncertainty of a species mass for each plot is squared and then summed. By taking the square root of this term, the total uncertainty for the species for all sites can be estimated.
WITHIN A SITE
The uncertainty in mass for a site would combine the mass of all the species at a site. Because there is no reason to believe that uncertainty in one species is correlated with another, the overall uncertainty would be approximated by:
Uncertainty MassS= sqrt Σ (Uncertainty MassSp-S2)
where the uncertainty of each species is squared and then summed. By taking the square root of this term, the total uncertainty within a site can be estimated.
ALL SITES
Assuming that the uncertainty in mass for each species for all sites has been estimated, the uncertainty for all sites would be computed by assuming there is no correlation between sites:
Uncertainty MassT= sqrt Σ (Uncertainty MassSp2)
where the uncertainty of each species for all sites is squared and then summed over all species. Taking the square root of this term gives the total uncertainty at all levels.
31
FUTURE NEEDS
While the databases we created will be helpful for improving FWD and CWD mass estimates, they have several notable problems that limit their usefulness. In the case of CWD, it is essential to separate the pieces inventoried into the decay classes. To be effective, the decay classes used in inventories need to be better defi ned so that they are repeatable. Most decay class systems are based on Douglas-fi r decay patterns; however, species can differ in substantial ways. While adjustments inevitably are made in the fi eld, these are not always documented, and therefore uncertainty about their meaning is introduced. This uncertainty could be reduced by consistently describing decay classes so that actual differences between species and locations can be documented.
A more systematic sampling of CWD for species and locations is needed. Past sampling of CWD density has been ad hoc or related to studies of decomposition rates, the main focus of ecological studies. Ideally, all the major species would be studied, the decay classes defi ned in objective and systematic ways, and the wood density as well as carbon content determined. Currently many major species have not been sampled or decay classes within species have been inadequately sampled (< 5 samples). By sampling the most abundant species, uncertainty of mass estimates could be reduced to approximately 5 percent, a considerable improvement over the current uncertainty, which could be as high as 50 percent.
FWD densities have rarely been sampled and although the current database is a logical starting place, it could be signifi cantly improved. Current publications often do not report sample numbers or variation. Mixtures of species are often reported, and while this makes sense when working within a uniform forest type, it is not effi cient when mixtures of species change from place to place. A more fl exible system might be derived if species values were reported because mixtures could be created continuously from this data structure. The separation of undecayed versus decayed FWD is helpful in estimating density, but separation of FWD into decay classes would reduce uncertainty. It would probably not be reasonable to classify each piece of FWD into a decay class, but a system to characterize decay state quickly would greatly reduce uncertainties in mass estimation of this pool.
32
Despite the lack of data on carbon concentrations in decaying wood, our review indicated that this variable does not change greatly with size or degree of decay. Compared to the uncertainty related to wood density, carbon concentrations are relatively certain. While additional sampling would be desirable, it would not be a priority relative to wood density.
Finally, it should be noted that most of these improvements are static in nature: they can be applied to a set of inventory-based volumes, but they do not allow one to incorporate decomposition induced density reductions over time. To make dynamic adjustments, it would be extremely valuable to know the decomposition rates of FWD and CWD. Knowledge of these rates would also allow one to directly estimate fl uxes from a single inventory rather than a series of inventories. This information would also allow one to better interpret why inventory estimates are changing over time.
33
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was supported by the Forest Inventory and Analysis program and the Pacifi c Northwest Research Station of the U.S. Forest Service, the Bullard Fellowship of Harvard University, the Oregon State University Richardson Endowment, and the Long-term Ecological Studies of the National Science Foundation.
34
LITERATURE CITED
Brown, J.K. 1974. Handbook for inventorying downed woody material. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-16. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 24 p.
Burgan, R.E. 1988. 1988 revisions to the 1978 National Fire Danger Rating System. Res. Pap. SE-273. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. 39 p.
Franklin, J.F.; Shugart, H.H.; Harmon, M.E. 1987. Tree death as an ecological process. Bioscience. 37: 550-556.
Harmon, M.E.; Sexton, J. 1996. Guidelines for measurements of woody detritus in forest ecosystems. Pub. 20. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, U.S. LTER Network Offi ce. 73 p.
Harmon, M.E.; Cromack, K., Jr.; Smith, B.G. 1987. Coarse woody debris in mixed-conifer forests, Sequoia National Park, California. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17: 1265-1272.
Harmon, M.E.; Krankina, O.; Sexton, J. 2000. Decomposition vectors: a new approach to estimating woody detritus decomposition dynamics. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 30: 76-84.
Harmon, M.E.; Franklin, J.F.; Swanson, F.J.; Sollins, P.; Gregory, S.V.; Lattin, J.D.; Anderson, N.H.; Cline, S.P.; Aumen, N.G.; Sedel, J.R.; Lienkamper, G.W.; Cromack, K., Jr.; Cummins, K.W. 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research. 15: 133-302.
35
Olson, J.S. 1963. Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology. 44: 322-331.
Sollins, P. 1982. Input and decay of coarse woody debris in coniferous stands in western Oregon and Washington. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 12: 18-28.
Sollins, P.; Cline, S.P.; Verhoeven, T.; Sachs, D.; Spycher, G. 1987. Patterns of log decay in old-growth Douglas-fi r forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17: 1585-1595.
Triska, F.J.; Cromack, K. 1980. The role of wood debris in forests and streams. In: Waring, R.H., ed. Forests: fresh perspectives from ecosystem analysis. Proceedings 40th biology colloquium. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press: 171-190.
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. 1999. Wood handbook: wood as an engineering material. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-113. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 463 p.
Woodall, C.W.; Lutes, D. 2004. Sensitivity analysis of down woody material data processing routines. In: McRoberts, R.H., ed. Fourth annual FIA science symposium proceedings. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 199-202.
Woodall, C.W.; Monleon, V.J. 2008. Sampling protocols, estimation, and analysis procedures for down woody materials indicator of the FIA Program. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-22. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 68 p.
Yatskov, M.; Harmon, M.E.; Krankina, O.N. 1993. A chronosequence of wood decomposition in the boreal forests of Russia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 33: 1211-1226.
36
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1.—Literature sources of raw density and carbon concentration data
Adams, M.B.; Owens, D.R. 2001. Specifi c gravity of coarse woody debris for some central Appalachian hardwood forest species. Res. Pap. NE-716. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 4 p.
Brown, J.K. 1974. Handbook for inventorying downed woody material. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-16. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 24 p.
Busse, M.D. 1994. Downed bole-wood decomposition in lodgepole pine forests of central Oregon. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 58: 221-227.
Chojnacky, D.C.; Mickler, R.A.; Heath, L.S.; Woodall, C.W. 2004. Estimates of down woody materials in eastern U.S. forests. Environmental Management. 33: (Supplement 1) S44-S55.
Currie, W.S.; Nadelhoffer, K.J. 2002. The imprint of land-use history: patterns of carbon and nitrogen in downed woody debris at the Harvard Forest. Ecosystems. 5: 446-460.
Duvall, M.D.; Grigal, D.F. 1999. Effects of timber harvesting on coarse woody debris in red pine forests across the Great Lakes states, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 29: 1926-1934.
Erickson, H.E.; Edmonds, R.L.; Peterson, C.E. 1985. Decomposition of logging residues in Douglas-fi r western hemlock, Pacifi c silver fi r, and ponderosa pine systems. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 15: 914-921.
Fahey, T.J. 1983. Nutrient dynamics of aboveground detritus in lodgepole pine (pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) ecosystems, southeastern Wyoming. Ecological Monographs. 53(1): 51-72.
37
Forrester, J.A.; Runkle, J.R. 2000. Mortality and replacement patterns of an old-growth Acer-Fagus woods in the Holden Arboretum, northeastern Ohio. American Midland Naturalist. 144(2): 227-242.
Fraver, S.; Wagner, R.G.; Day, M. 2002. Dynamics of coarse woody debris following gap harvesting in the Acadian forest of Central Maine, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 32: 2094-2105.
Gerald, E.L.; Forman, R.T.T. 1978. Detrital dynamics in a mature oak forest: Hutcheson Memorial Forest, New Jersey. Ecology. 59(3): 580-595.
Graham, R.L.; Cromack, K., Jr. 1982. Mass, nutrient content, and decay state of dead boles in rain forests of Olympic National Park. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 12: 511-521.
Hale, C.M.; Pastor, J. 1998. Nitrogen content, decay rates, and decompositional dynamics of hollow versus solid hardwood logs in hardwood forests of Minnesota, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 28: 1276-1285.
Harmon, M.E.; Sexton, J. 1996. Guidelines for measurements of woody detritus in forest ecosystems. Pub. 20. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, U.S. LTER Network Offi ce. 73 p.
Harmon, M.E.; Cromack, K., Jr.; Smith, B.G. 1987. Coarse woody debris in mixed-conifer forests, Sequoia National Park, California. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17: 1265-1272.
Harmon, M.E.; Hennessy, T.; Silsbee, D.G. 1980. Woody fuel dimensions within Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Res./Resour. Manage. Rep. 31. Gatlinburg, TN: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Uplands Field Research Lab. 28 p.
Harmon, M.E.; Whigham, D.F.; Sexton, J.; Olmsted, I. 1995. Decomposition and stores of woody detritus in the dry tropical forests of the Northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Biotropica. 27: 305-316
Hicks, W.T. 1995. Tree mortality, coarse woody debris and the equilibrium status of an old-growth fagus-acer forest in southwestern Ohio. Oxford, OH: Miami University. 47 p. M.S. thesis.
38
Lambert, R.L.; Lang, G.E.; Reiners, W.A. 1980. Loss of mass and chemical change in decaying boles of a subalpine balsam fi r forest. Ecology. 61(6): 1460-1473.
Lang, G.E.; Forman, R.T. 1978. Detrital dynamics in a mature oak forest: Hutcheson Memorial Forest, New Jersey. Ecology. 59(3): 580-595.
MacMillan, P.C. 1981. Log decomposition in Donaldson’s woods, Spring Mill State Park, Indiana. American Midland Naturalist. 106(2): 335-344.
Nalder, I.A.; Wein, R.W.; Alexander, M.E.; de Groot, W.J. 1997. Physical properties of dead and downed round-wood fuels in the boreal forests of Alberta and Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 27: 1513-1517.
Nalder, I.A.; Wein, R.W.; Alexander, M.E.; de Groot, W.J. 2000. Physical properties of dead and downed round-wood fuels in the boreal forests of western and northern Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 9: 85-99.
Pittman, J.R. 2005. Coarse woody debris in industrially managed Pinus taeda plantations of the southeastern United States. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. M.S. thesis. 114 p.
Roussopoulos, P.J.; Johnson, V.J. 1973. Estimating slash fuel loading for several Lake States tree species. Res. Pap. NC-88. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 8 p.
Ryan, K.C.; Pickford, S.G. 1978. Physical properties of woody fuels in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. Res. Note PNW-315. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacifi c Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 9 p.
Sollins P.; Cline, S.P.; Verhoeven, T.; Sachs, D.; Spycher, G. 1987. Patterns of log decay in old-growth Douglas-fi r forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17: 1585-1595.
Wendy, H.L.; Bryant, D.M.; Hutyra, L.R.; Saleska, S.R.; Hammond-Pyle, E.; Curran, D.; Wofsy, S.C. 2006. Woody debris contribution to the carbon budget of selectively logged and maturing mid-latitude forests. Oecologia. 148: 108-117.
39
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
den1
un
c1
cod1
de
n2
unc2
co
d2
den3
un
c3
cod3
de
n4
unc4
co
d4
den5
un
c5 c
od5
Abi
es
amab
ilis
AB
AM
0.
400
0.36
0 0.
047
A 0.
332
0.02
2 A
0.21
2 0.
090
B
0.14
2 0.
058
B
0.10
6 0.
025
BA
bies
ba
lsam
ea
AB
BA
0.34
0 0.
360
0.06
1 A
0.36
0 0.
020
A 0.
290
0.04
2 A
0.17
0 0.
100
A 0.
100
0.03
0 A
Abi
es
brac
teat
a A
BB
R
0.36
0 0.
371
0.05
8 B
0.
308
0.08
7 B
0.
212
0.09
0 B
0.
142
0.05
8 B
0.
106
0.02
5 B
Abi
es
conc
olor
A
BC
O
0.37
0 0.
340
0.01
9 A
0.27
7 0.
018
A 0.
121
0.01
4 A
0.13
8 0.
016
A 0.
122
0.02
0 A
Abi
es
frase
ri A
BFR
0.
340
0.37
1 0.
058
B
0.30
8 0.
087
B
0.21
2 0.
090
B
0.14
2 0.
058
B
0.10
6 0.
025
BA
bies
gr
andi
s A
BG
R
0.35
0 0.
341
0.00
3 A
0.29
4 0.
021
A 0.
225
0.01
8 A
0.14
2 0.
058
B
0.10
6 0.
025
BA
bies
la
sioc
arpa
A
BLA
0.
310
0.37
1 0.
028
A 0.
288
0.07
8 A
0.23
3 0.
023
A 0.
152
0.03
0 A
0.11
7 0.
011
AA
bies
m
agni
fi ca
AB
MA
0.36
0 0.
478
0.01
3 A
0.37
8 0.
053
A 0.
150
0.01
9 A
0.14
3 0.
014
A 0.
084
0.01
0 A
Abi
es
mag
nifi c
a va
r. sh
aste
nsis
A
BM
A2
0.36
0 0.
371
0.05
8 B
0.
308
0.08
7 B
0.
212
0.09
0 B
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142
0.05
8 B
0.
106
0.02
5 B
Abi
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proc
era
AB
PR
0.
370
0.36
8 0.
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A 0.
269
0.00
9 A
0.23
5 0.
013
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150
0.02
7 A
0.10
6 0.
025
BA
bies
sp
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s A
BIE
0.
340
0.37
1 0.
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B
0.30
8 0.
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0.21
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090
B
0.14
2 0.
058
B
0.10
6 0.
025
BA
caci
a sp
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s A
CS
P2
0.60
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
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1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Ace
r ba
rbat
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AC
BA
0.54
0 0.
536
0.08
1 B
0.
377
0.07
8 B
0.
281
0.07
5 B
0.
177
0.03
3 B
0.
135
0.07
7 B
Ace
r gl
abru
m
AC
GL
0.44
0 0.
536
0.08
1 B
0.
377
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8 B
0.
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5 B
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177
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3 B
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Ace
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dent
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A
CG
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0.44
0 0.
536
0.08
1 B
0.
377
0.07
8 B
0.
281
0.07
5 B
0.
177
0.03
3 B
0.
135
0.07
7 B
Ace
r m
acro
phyl
lum
A
CM
A 0.
440
0.53
6 0.
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B
0.37
7 0.
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B
0.28
1 0.
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B
0.17
7 0.
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B
0.13
5 0.
077
BA
cer
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0.
440
0.53
6 0.
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B
0.37
7 0.
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B
0.28
1 0.
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B
0.17
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B
0.13
5 0.
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BA
cer
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AC
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0.52
0 0.
536
0.08
1 B
0.
377
0.07
8 B
0.
281
0.07
5 B
0.
177
0.03
3 B
0.
135
0.07
7 B
Ace
r pe
nsyl
vani
cum
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CP
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0.44
0 0.
536
0.08
1 B
0.
377
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8 B
0.
281
0.07
5 B
0.
177
0.03
3 B
0.
135
0.07
7 B
Ace
r ru
brum
A
CR
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0.49
0 0.
436
0.05
0 A
0.26
0 0.
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A 0.
198
0.07
5 A
0.17
7 0.
033
B
0.13
5 0.
077
BA
cer
sacc
harin
um
AC
SA
2 0.
440
0.53
6 0.
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0.28
1 0.
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0.13
5 0.
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BA
cer
sacc
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m
AC
SA
0.56
0 0.
679
0.02
8 A
0.45
2 0.
063
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324
0.04
3 A
0.18
2 0.
014
A 0.
150
0.01
5 A
Ace
r sp
ecie
s A
CE
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0.49
0 0.
536
0.08
1 B
0.
377
0.07
8 B
0.
281
0.07
5 B
0.
177
0.03
3 B
0.
135
0.07
7 B
Ace
r sp
icat
um
AC
SP
0.44
0 0.
536
0.08
1 B
0.
377
0.07
8 B
0.
281
0.07
5 B
0.
177
0.03
3 B
0.
135
0.07
7 B
Aes
culu
s ca
lifor
nica
A
EC
A 0.
380
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CA
escu
lus
spec
ies
AE
SP
0.33
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Aila
nthu
s al
tissi
ma
AIA
L 0.
370
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CA
leur
ites
ford
ii A
LFO
0.
470
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CA
lnus
ru
bra
ALR
U
0.37
0 0.
386
0.00
8 A
0.32
6 0.
047
A 0.
197
0.01
1 A
0.10
8 0.
008
A 0.
117
0.04
9 A
Aln
us
spec
ies
ALS
P 0.
370
0.38
6 0.
233
B
0.32
6 0.
263
B
0.19
7 0.
261
B
0.10
8 0.
175
B
0.11
7 0.
077
BA
mel
anch
ier
spec
ies
AM
SP
0.66
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Arb
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m
enzi
esii
AR
ME
0.
580
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CA
sim
ina
trilo
ba
AS
TR
0.47
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Bet
ula
alle
ghan
iens
is
BE
AL
0.55
0 0.
580
0.07
6 B
0.
403
0.26
3 B
0.
190
0.03
0 A
0.17
0 0.
020
A 0.
110
0.01
0 A
Bet
ula
lent
a B
ELE
0.
600
0.63
5 0.
069
A 0.
420
0.09
9 A
0.28
3 0.
085
A 0.
170
0.17
5 B
0.
110
0.07
7 B
Bet
ula
lute
a B
ELU
0.
600
0.63
6 0.
043
A 0.
385
0.05
8 A
0.23
4 0.
045
A 0.
170
0.17
5 B
0.
110
0.07
7 B
Bet
ula
nigr
a B
EN
I 0.
560
0.58
0 0.
076
B
0.40
3 0.
263
B
0.26
5 0.
105
B
0.17
0 0.
175
B
0.11
0 0.
077
BB
etul
a oc
cide
ntal
is
BE
OC
0.
530
0.58
0 0.
076
B
0.40
3 0.
263
B
0.26
5 0.
105
B
0.17
0 0.
175
B
0.11
0 0.
077
BB
etul
a pa
pyrif
era
BE
PA
0.48
0 0.
469
0.05
2 A
0.40
3 0.
263
B
0.35
2 0.
128
A 0.
170
0.17
5 B
0.
110
0.07
7 B
Bet
ula
papy
rifer
a va
r. co
mm
utat
a B
EPA
2 0.
480
0.58
0 0.
076
B
0.40
3 0.
263
B
0.26
5 0.
105
B
0.17
0 0.
175
B
0.11
0 0.
077
BB
etul
a po
pulif
olia
B
EP
O
0.45
0 0.
580
0.07
6 B
0.
403
0.26
3 B
0.
265
0.10
5 B
0.
170
0.17
5 B
0.
110
0.07
7 B
Bet
ula
spec
ies
BE
SP
0.48
0 0.
580
0.07
6 B
0.
403
0.26
3 B
0.
265
0.10
5 B
0.
170
0.17
5 B
0.
110
0.07
7 B
APP
END
IX 2
.—C
WD
abs
olut
e de
nsity
and
its
unce
rtai
nty
for e
ach
deca
y cl
ass
by s
peci
es p
rese
nt in
the
U.S
. FIA
sys
tem
(App
endi
x 2
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
40
Bum
elia
la
nugi
nosa
B
ULA
0.
470
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CC
aloc
edru
s de
curr
ens
CA
DE
3 0.
370
0.42
5 0.
105
A 0.
269
0.05
5 A
0.23
1 0.
043
A 0.
156
0.09
1 A
0.14
3 0.
106
CC
arpi
nus
caro
linia
na
CA
CA
0.58
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Car
ya
aqua
tica
CA
AQ
0.
610
0.59
9 0.
058
B
0.40
9 0.
072
B
0.23
8 0.
061
B
0.17
3 0.
175
B
0.15
1 0.
077
BC
arya
co
rdifo
rmis
C
AC
O
0.60
0 0.
610
0.07
4 A
0.36
7 0.
074
A 0.
249
0.05
0 A
0.17
3 0.
175
B
0.15
1 0.
077
BC
arya
gl
abra
C
AG
L 0.
660
0.59
9 0.
058
B
0.40
9 0.
072
B
0.23
8 0.
061
B
0.17
3 0.
175
B
0.15
1 0.
077
BC
arya
ill
inoe
nsis
C
AIL
0.
600
0.59
9 0.
058
B
0.40
9 0.
072
B
0.23
8 0.
061
B
0.17
3 0.
175
B
0.15
1 0.
077
BC
arya
la
cini
osa
CA
LA
0.62
0 0.
599
0.05
8 B
0.
409
0.07
2 B
0.
238
0.06
1 B
0.
173
0.17
5 B
0.
151
0.07
7 B
Car
ya
myr
istic
aefo
rmis
C
AM
Y 0.
560
0.59
9 0.
058
B
0.40
9 0.
072
B
0.23
8 0.
061
B
0.17
3 0.
175
B
0.15
1 0.
077
BC
arya
ov
ata
CA
OV
0.
640
0.55
1 0.
071
A 0.
479
0.08
7 A
0.30
8 0.
065
A 0.
173
0.17
5 B
0.
151
0.07
7 B
Car
ya
spec
ies
CA
SP
0.62
0 0.
633
0.03
1 A
0.41
7 0.
021
A 0.
195
0.01
7 A
0.17
3 0.
027
A 0.
151
0.05
9 A
Car
ya
texa
na
CAT
E
0.54
0 0.
599
0.05
8 B
0.
409
0.07
2 B
0.
238
0.06
1 B
0.
173
0.17
5 B
0.
151
0.07
7 B
Car
ya
tom
ento
sa
CAT
O
0.64
0 0.
601
0.05
9 A
0.37
2 0.
033
A 0.
238
0.06
1 B
0.
173
0.17
5 B
0.
151
0.07
7 B
Cas
tane
a de
ntat
a C
AD
E
0.40
0 0.
360
0.04
6 A
0.34
8 0.
038
A 0.
255
0.05
6 A
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CC
asta
nea
ozar
kens
is
CA
OZ
0.40
0 0.
360
0.23
3 B
0.
348
0.26
3 B
0.
255
0.26
1 B
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Cas
tane
a pu
mila
C
AP
U
0.40
0 0.
360
0.23
3 B
0.
348
0.26
3 B
0.
255
0.26
1 B
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Cas
tano
psis
sp
ecie
s C
AS
T 0.
420
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CC
atal
pa
spec
ies
CAT
A 0.
380
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CC
eltis
la
evig
ata
CE
LA
0.47
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Cel
tis
occi
dent
alis
C
EO
C
0.49
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Cel
tis
spec
ies
CE
SP
0.49
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Cer
cis
cana
dens
is
CE
CA
0.58
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Cer
coca
rpus
in
trica
tus
CE
IN
1.00
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Cer
coca
rpus
le
difo
lius
CE
LE
1.00
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Cer
coca
rpus
m
onta
nus
CE
MO
1.
000
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CC
ham
aecy
paris
la
wso
nian
a C
HLA
0.
390
0.38
1 0.
105
C
0.31
8 0.
245
C
0.25
7 0.
122
C
0.16
2 0.
091
C
0.14
3 0.
106
CC
ham
aecy
paris
no
otka
tens
is
CH
NO
0.
420
0.38
1 0.
105
C
0.31
8 0.
245
C
0.25
7 0.
122
C
0.16
2 0.
091
C
0.14
3 0.
106
CC
ham
aecy
paris
th
yoid
es
CH
TH
0.31
0 0.
381
0.10
5 C
0.
318
0.24
5 C
0.
257
0.12
2 C
0.
162
0.09
1 C
0.
143
0.10
6 C
Cla
dras
tis
lute
a C
LLU
0.
520
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CC
ornu
s fl o
rida
CO
FL
0.64
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Cor
nus
nutta
llii
CO
NU
0.
580
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CC
ornu
s sp
ecie
s C
OS
P 0.
640
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CC
otin
us
obov
aus
CO
OB
0.
470
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CC
rata
egus
sp
ecie
s C
RS
P 0.
620
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CC
upre
ssus
sp
ecie
s C
US
P 0.
440
0.38
1 0.
105
C
0.31
8 0.
245
C
0.25
7 0.
122
C
0.16
2 0.
091
C
0.14
3 0.
106
CD
iosp
yros
vi
rgin
iana
D
IVI
0.64
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Euc
alyp
tus
spec
ies
EU
SP
0.67
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Fagu
s gr
andi
folia
FA
GR
0.
560
0.57
0 0.
056
A 0.
300
0.04
2 A
0.16
7 0.
032
A 0.
240
0.02
8 A
0.16
0 0.
012
AFr
axin
us
amer
ican
a FR
AM
0.
550
0.47
5 0.
070
A 0.
286
0.07
0 A
0.31
7 0.
048
A 0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
100
0.03
0 A
Frax
inus
la
tifol
ia
FRLA
0.
500
0.47
5 0.
233
B
0.31
7 0.
263
B
0.29
8 0.
261
B
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.10
0 0.
077
BFr
axin
us
nigr
a FR
NI
0.45
0 0.
475
0.23
3 B
0.
317
0.26
3 B
0.
298
0.26
1 B
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
100
0.07
7 B
Frax
inus
pe
nnsy
lvan
ica
FRP
E
0.53
0 0.
475
0.23
3 B
0.
317
0.26
3 B
0.
298
0.26
1 B
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
100
0.07
7 B
Frax
inus
pr
ofun
da
FRP
R
0.54
0 0.
475
0.23
3 B
0.
317
0.26
3 B
0.
298
0.26
1 B
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
100
0.07
7 B
Frax
inus
qu
adra
ngul
ata
FRQ
U
0.53
0 0.
475
0.23
3 B
0.
317
0.26
3 B
0.
298
0.26
1 B
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
100
0.07
7 B
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
den1
un
c1
cod1
de
n2
unc2
co
d2
den3
un
c3
cod3
de
n4
unc4
co
d4
den5
un
c5 c
od5
(App
endi
x 2
cont
inue
d)
41
Frax
inus
sp
ecie
s FR
SP
0.54
0 0.
475
0.23
3 B
0.
317
0.26
3 B
0.
298
0.26
1 B
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
100
0.07
7 B
Gle
dits
ia
aqua
tica
GLA
Q
0.60
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Gle
dits
ia
triac
anth
os
GLT
R
0.60
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Gor
doni
a la
sian
thus
G
OLA
0.
370
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CG
ymno
clad
us
dioi
cus
GY
DI
0.50
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Hal
esia
sp
ecie
s H
AS
P 0.
320
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CIle
x op
aca
ILO
P 0.
500
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CJu
glan
s ci
nere
a JU
CI
0.36
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Jugl
ans
spec
ies
JUS
P 0.
510
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CJu
glan
s ni
gra
JUN
I 0.
510
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CJu
nipe
rus
mon
ospe
rma
JUM
O
0.45
0 0.
381
0.10
5 C
0.
318
0.24
5 C
0.
257
0.12
2 C
0.
162
0.09
1 C
0.
143
0.10
6 C
Juni
peru
s oc
cide
ntal
is
JUO
C
0.44
0 0.
381
0.10
5 C
0.
318
0.24
5 C
0.
257
0.12
2 C
0.
162
0.09
1 C
0.
143
0.10
6 C
Juni
peru
s sp
ecie
s JU
SP
2 0.
440
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CLa
rix
laric
ina
LALA
0.
490
0.38
1 0.
105
C
0.31
8 0.
245
C
0.25
7 0.
122
C
0.16
2 0.
091
C
0.14
3 0.
106
CLa
rix
lyal
lii
LALY
0.
480
0.38
1 0.
105
C
0.31
8 0.
245
C
0.25
7 0.
122
C
0.16
2 0.
091
C
0.14
3 0.
106
CLa
rix
occi
dent
alis
LA
OC
0.
480
0.38
1 0.
105
C
0.31
8 0.
245
C
0.25
7 0.
122
C
0.16
2 0.
091
C
0.14
3 0.
106
CLa
rix
spec
ies
LAS
P 0.
440
0.38
1 0.
105
C
0.31
8 0.
245
C
0.25
7 0.
122
C
0.16
2 0.
091
C
0.14
3 0.
106
CLi
quid
amba
r st
yrac
ifl ua
LI
ST
0.46
0 0.
450
0.00
8 A
0.33
1 0.
031
A 0.
228
0.02
5 A
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CLi
riode
ndro
n tu
lipife
ra
LITU
0.
400
0.35
2 0.
042
A 0.
275
0.04
1 A
0.20
3 0.
026
A 0.
141
0.05
5 A
0.15
8 0.
077
CLi
thoc
arpu
s de
nsifl
orus
LI
DE
0.
580
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CM
aclu
ra
pom
ifera
M
AP
O
0.76
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Mag
nolia
ac
umin
ata
MA
AC
0.
450
0.42
5 0.
028
A 0.
399
0.08
4 A
0.25
0 0.
059
A 0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Mag
nolia
sp
ecie
s M
AS
P 0.
450
0.42
5 0.
233
B
0.39
9 0.
263
B
0.25
0 0.
261
B
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CM
alus
sp
ecie
s M
AS
P2
0.61
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Mel
ia
azed
arac
h M
EA
Z 0.
470
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CM
orus
al
ba
MO
AL
0.59
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Mor
us
rubr
a M
OR
U
0.59
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Mor
us
spec
ies
MO
SP
0.59
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Nys
sa
aqua
tica
NYA
Q
0.46
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Nys
sa
ogec
he
NY
OG
0.
460
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CN
yssa
sy
lvat
ica
NY
SY
0.46
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Oln
eya
teso
ta
OLT
E
1.00
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Ost
rya
virg
inia
na
OS
VI
0.63
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Oxy
dend
rum
ar
bore
um
OX
AR
0.
500
0.52
4 0.
103
A 0.
406
0.03
4 A
0.33
7 0.
057
A 0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Pau
low
nia
tom
ento
sa
PATO
0.
380
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CP
erse
a bo
rbon
ia
PE
BO
0.
510
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CP
icea
ab
ies
PIA
B
0.38
0 0.
393
0.05
7 B
0.
312
0.04
0 B
0.
280
0.11
2 B
0.
155
0.03
5 B
0.
129
0.10
6 B
Pic
ea
brew
eria
na
PIB
R
0.33
0 0.
393
0.05
7 B
0.
312
0.04
0 B
0.
280
0.11
2 B
0.
155
0.03
5 B
0.
129
0.10
6 B
Pic
ea
enge
lman
nii
PIE
N
0.33
0 0.
393
0.05
7 B
0.
258
0.02
3 A
0.28
0 0.
112
B
0.11
7 0.
026
A 0.
129
0.10
6 B
Pic
ea
glau
ca
PIG
L2
0.37
0 0.
393
0.05
7 B
0.
312
0.04
0 B
0.
280
0.11
2 B
0.
155
0.03
5 B
0.
129
0.10
6 B
Pic
ea
lutz
ii P
ILU
0.
370
0.37
6 0.
034
A 0.
347
0.03
5 A
0.25
5 0.
067
A 0.
151
0.02
7 A
0.10
3 0.
018
AP
icea
m
aria
na
PIM
A 0.
380
0.39
3 0.
057
B
0.31
2 0.
040
B
0.28
0 0.
112
B
0.15
5 0.
035
B
0.12
9 0.
106
BP
icea
pu
ngen
s P
IPU
0.
380
0.39
3 0.
057
B
0.31
2 0.
040
B
0.28
0 0.
112
B
0.15
5 0.
035
B
0.12
9 0.
106
BP
icea
ru
bens
P
IRU
0.
380
0.40
6 0.
057
A 0.
312
0.04
0 B
0.
316
0.11
2 A
0.15
5 0.
035
B
0.12
9 0.
106
B
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
den1
un
c1
cod1
de
n2
unc2
co
d2
den3
un
c3
cod3
de
n4
unc4
co
d4
den5
un
c5 c
od5
(App
endi
x 2
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
42
Pic
ea
sitc
hens
is
PIS
I 0.
370
0.41
0 0.
008
A 0.
341
0.02
1 A
0.26
3 0.
021
A 0.
192
0.02
9 A
0.13
7 0.
008
AP
icea
sp
ecie
s P
ICE
0.
380
0.39
3 0.
057
B
0.31
2 0.
040
B
0.28
0 0.
112
B
0.15
5 0.
035
B
0.12
9 0.
106
BP
inus
al
bica
ulis
P
IAL
0.37
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
aris
tata
P
IAR
0.
370
0.36
8 0.
031
B
0.32
4 0.
038
B
0.27
3 0.
070
B
0.16
9 0.
055
B
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
inus
ar
izon
ica
PIA
R2
0.37
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
atte
nuat
a P
IAT
0.37
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
balfo
uria
na
PIB
A 0.
370
0.36
8 0.
031
B
0.32
4 0.
038
B
0.27
3 0.
070
B
0.16
9 0.
055
B
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
inus
ba
nksi
ana
PIB
A2
0.40
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
clau
sa
PIC
L 0.
460
0.36
8 0.
031
B
0.32
4 0.
038
B
0.27
3 0.
070
B
0.16
9 0.
055
B
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
inus
co
ntor
ta
PIC
O
0.38
0 0.
378
0.02
0 A
0.36
7 0.
013
A 0.
276
0.02
2 A
0.16
9 0.
019
A 0.
164
0.00
9 A
Pin
us
coul
teri
PIC
O2
0.37
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
disc
olor
P
IDI
0.50
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
echi
nata
P
IEC
0.
470
0.36
8 0.
031
B
0.32
4 0.
038
B
0.27
3 0.
070
B
0.16
9 0.
055
B
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
inus
ed
ulis
P
IED
0.
500
0.36
8 0.
031
B
0.32
4 0.
038
B
0.27
3 0.
070
B
0.16
9 0.
055
B
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
inus
el
liotti
P
IEL
0.54
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
enge
lman
nii
PIE
N2
0.37
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
280
0.07
1 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
129
0.01
8 B
Pin
us
fl exi
lis
PIF
L 0.
370
0.36
8 0.
031
B
0.32
4 0.
038
B
0.27
3 0.
070
B
0.16
9 0.
055
B
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
inus
gl
abra
P
IGL
0.41
0 0.
393
0.04
6 B
0.
312
0.04
0 B
0.
280
0.07
1 B
0.
155
0.03
5 B
0.
129
0.01
8 B
Pin
us
jeffr
eyi
PIJ
E
0.37
0 0.
365
0.02
6 A
0.35
8 0.
042
A 0.
217
0.04
7 A
0.20
5 0.
039
A 0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
lam
berti
ana
PIL
A 0.
340
0.36
9 0.
037
A 0.
267
0.01
1 A
0.15
5 0.
020
A 0.
122
0.02
5 A
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
inus
le
ioph
ylla
P
ILE
0.
370
0.36
8 0.
031
B
0.32
4 0.
038
B
0.27
3 0.
070
B
0.16
9 0.
055
B
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
inus
m
onop
hylla
P
IMO
0.
500
0.36
8 0.
031
B
0.32
4 0.
038
B
0.27
3 0.
070
B
0.16
9 0.
055
B
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
inus
m
ontic
ola
PIM
O3
0.35
0 0.
344
0.00
5 A
0.30
3 0.
012
A 0.
308
0.01
5 A
0.16
9 0.
055
B
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
inus
m
uric
ata
PIM
U
0.37
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
nigr
a P
INI
0.41
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
palu
stris
P
IPA
0.54
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
pond
eros
a P
IPO
0.
380
0.33
8 0.
005
A 0.
333
0.01
8 A
0.33
0 0.
035
A 0.
129
0.00
8 A
0.18
8 0.
134
AP
inus
pu
ngen
s P
IPU
2 0.
490
0.39
3 0.
046
B
0.31
2 0.
040
B
0.28
0 0.
071
B
0.15
5 0.
035
B
0.12
9 0.
018
BP
inus
ra
diat
a P
IRA
0.37
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
resi
nosa
P
IRE
0.
410
0.34
0 0.
046
A 0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
270
0.07
0 A
0.15
0 0.
055
A 0.
110
0.13
4 A
Pin
us
rigid
a P
IRI
0.47
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
sabi
nian
a P
ISA
0.37
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
sero
tina
PIS
E
0.51
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
stro
bifo
rmis
P
IST2
0.
350
0.36
8 0.
031
B
0.32
4 0.
038
B
0.27
3 0.
070
B
0.16
9 0.
055
B
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
inus
st
robu
s P
IST
0.34
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
sylv
estri
s P
ISY
0.41
0 0.
368
0.03
1 B
0.
324
0.03
8 B
0.
273
0.07
0 B
0.
169
0.05
5 B
0.
171
0.09
6 B
Pin
us
taed
a P
ITA
0.47
0 0.
386
0.01
2 A
0.30
6 0.
005
A 0.
229
0.00
2 A
0.19
3 0.
004
A 0.
224
0.13
4 A
Pin
us
virg
inia
na
PIV
I 0.
450
0.36
8 0.
031
B
0.32
4 0.
038
B
0.27
3 0.
070
B
0.16
9 0.
055
B
0.17
1 0.
096
BP
lane
ra
aqua
tica
PLA
Q
0.53
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Pla
tanu
s oc
cide
ntal
is
PLO
C
0.46
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Pop
ulus
al
ba
PO
AL
0.37
0 0.
353
0.23
3 B
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
299
0.26
1 B
0.
160
0.17
5 B
0.
110
0.07
7 B
Pop
ulus
an
gust
ifolia
P
OA
N
0.34
0 0.
353
0.23
3 B
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
299
0.26
1 B
0.
160
0.17
5 B
0.
110
0.07
7 B
Pop
ulus
ba
lsam
ifera
P
OB
A 0.
310
0.35
3 0.
233
B
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.29
9 0.
261
B
0.16
0 0.
175
B
0.11
0 0.
077
BP
opul
us
delto
ides
P
OD
E
0.37
0 0.
353
0.23
3 B
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
299
0.26
1 B
0.
160
0.17
5 B
0.
110
0.07
7 B
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
den1
un
c1
cod1
de
n2
unc2
co
d2
den3
un
c3
cod3
de
n4
unc4
co
d4
den5
un
c5 c
od5
(App
endi
x 2
cont
inue
d)
43
Pop
ulus
fre
mon
tii
PO
FR
0.34
0 0.
353
0.23
3 B
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
299
0.26
1 B
0.
160
0.17
5 B
0.
110
0.07
7 B
Pop
ulus
gr
andi
dent
ata
PO
GR
0.
360
0.33
6 0.
067
A 0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
298
0.06
6 A
0.16
0 0.
175
B
0.11
0 0.
077
BP
opul
us
hete
roph
ylla
P
OH
E
0.37
0 0.
353
0.23
3 B
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
299
0.26
1 B
0.
160
0.17
5 B
0.
110
0.07
7 B
Pop
ulus
sa
rgen
tii
PO
SA
0.37
0 0.
353
0.23
3 B
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
299
0.26
1 B
0.
160
0.17
5 B
0.
110
0.07
7 B
Pop
ulus
sp
ecie
s P
OS
P 0.
370
0.37
0 0.
067
A 0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
300
0.06
6 A
0.16
0 0.
027
A 0.
110
0.02
7 A
Pop
ulus
tre
mul
oide
s P
OTR
0.
350
0.35
3 0.
233
B
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.29
9 0.
261
B
0.16
0 0.
175
B
0.11
0 0.
077
BP
roso
pis
spec
ies
PR
SP
0.58
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Pru
nus
amer
ican
a P
RA
M
0.47
0 0.
489
0.08
0 B
0.
418
0.06
5 B
0.
281
0.26
1 B
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Pru
nus
nigr
a P
RN
I 0.
470
0.48
9 0.
080
B
0.41
8 0.
065
B
0.28
1 0.
261
B
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CP
runu
s pe
nsyl
vani
ca
PR
PE
0.
360
0.40
1 0.
029
A 0.
337
0.02
6 A
0.21
6 0.
026
A 0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Pru
nus
sero
tina
PR
SE
0.
470
0.57
7 0.
072
A 0.
499
0.04
9 A
0.34
6 0.
097
A 0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Pru
nus
spec
ies
PR
SP
2 0.
470
0.48
9 0.
080
B
0.41
8 0.
065
B
0.28
1 0.
261
B
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CP
runu
s vi
rgin
iana
P
RV
I 0.
360
0.48
9 0.
080
B
0.41
8 0.
065
B
0.28
1 0.
261
B
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CP
seud
otsu
ga
men
zies
ii P
SM
E
0.45
0 0.
386
0.01
3 A
0.30
8 0.
017
A 0.
152
0.02
2 A
0.12
3 0.
011
A 0.
148
0.11
0 A
Que
rcus
ag
rifol
ia
QU
AG
0.
700
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
alba
Q
UA
L 0.
600
0.56
7 0.
031
A 0.
387
0.01
9 A
0.33
5 0.
045
A 0.
168
0.07
1 A
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
ariz
onic
a, g
risea
Q
UA
R
0.70
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
bi
colo
r Q
UB
I 0.
640
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
chry
sole
pis
QU
CH
0.
700
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
cocc
inea
Q
UC
O
0.60
0 0.
571
0.05
3 A
0.50
2 0.
041
A 0.
442
0.03
3 A
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
doug
lasi
i Q
UD
O
0.51
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
du
rand
ii Q
UD
U
0.60
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
el
lipso
idal
is
QU
EL
0.56
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
em
oryi
Q
UE
M
0.70
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
en
gelm
anni
i Q
UE
N
0.70
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
fa
lcat
a va
r. fa
lcat
a Q
UFA
0.
520
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
falc
ata
var.
pago
difo
lia
QU
FA2
0.61
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ga
mbe
lii
QU
GA
0.64
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ga
rrya
na
QU
GA
2 0.
640
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
hypo
leuc
oide
s Q
UH
Y 0.
700
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
ilici
folia
Q
UIL
0.
560
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
imbr
icar
ia
QU
IM
0.56
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
in
cana
Q
UIN
0.
560
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
kello
ggii
QU
KE
0.
510
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
laev
is
QU
LA
0.52
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
la
urifo
lia
QU
LA2
0.56
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
lo
bata
Q
ULO
0.
640
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
lyra
ta
QU
LY
0.57
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
m
acro
carp
a Q
UM
A 0.
580
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
mar
iland
ica
QU
MA
2 0.
560
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
mic
haux
ii Q
UM
I 0.
600
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
mue
hlen
berg
ii Q
UM
U
0.60
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ni
gra
QU
NI
0.56
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
nu
ttalli
Q
UN
U
0.56
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
den1
un
c1
cod1
de
n2
unc2
co
d2
den3
un
c3
cod3
de
n4
unc4
co
d4
den5
un
c5 c
od5
(App
endi
x 2
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
44
Que
rcus
ob
long
ifolia
Q
UO
B
0.70
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
pa
lust
ris
QU
PA
0.58
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ph
ello
s Q
UP
H
0.56
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
pr
inus
Q
UP
R
0.57
0 0.
729
0.07
8 A
0.48
9 0.
093
A 0.
294
0.04
2 A
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
rubr
a Q
UR
U
0.56
0 0.
545
0.04
3 A
0.30
3 0.
083
A 0.
387
0.08
1 A
0.23
4 0.
052
A 0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
sh
umar
dii
QU
SH
0.
560
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
spec
ies
QU
SP
0.58
0 0.
565
0.01
9 A
0.46
2 0.
039
A 0.
318
0.04
3 A
0.19
6 0.
020
A 0.
248
0.02
1 A
Que
rcus
st
ella
ta
QU
ST
0.60
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
450
0.09
6 B
0.
382
0.09
7 B
0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ve
lutin
a Q
UV
E
0.56
0 0.
611
0.08
5 B
0.
363
0.09
6 A
0.45
3 0.
097
A 0.
241
0.05
2 B
0.
248
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
vi
rgin
iana
Q
UV
I 0.
800
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
wis
lizen
i Q
UW
I 0.
700
0.61
1 0.
085
B
0.45
0 0.
096
B
0.38
2 0.
097
B
0.24
1 0.
052
B
0.24
8 0.
011
BR
obin
ia
neom
exic
ana
RO
NE
0.
660
0.72
5 0.
233
B
0.56
0 0.
263
B
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CR
obin
ia
pseu
doac
acia
R
OP
S
0.66
0 0.
725
0.03
1 A
0.56
0 0.
053
A 0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Sal
ix
spec
ies
SA
SP
0.36
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Sap
ium
se
bife
rum
S
AS
E
0.47
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Sas
safra
s al
bidu
m
SA
AL
0.42
0 0.
432
0.02
8 A
0.38
8 0.
042
A 0.
338
0.02
5 A
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CS
equo
ia
sem
perv
irens
S
ES
E
0.34
0 0.
381
0.10
5 C
0.
318
0.24
5 C
0.
257
0.12
2 C
0.
162
0.09
1 C
0.
143
0.10
6 C
Seq
uoia
dend
ron
giga
nteu
m
SE
GI
0.34
0 0.
381
0.10
5 C
0.
318
0.24
5 C
0.
257
0.12
2 C
0.
162
0.09
1 C
0.
143
0.10
6 C
Sor
bus
amer
ican
a S
OA
M
0.42
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Tam
arix
sp
ecie
s TA
SP
0.40
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Taxo
dium
di
stic
hum
var
. nut
ans
TAD
I 0.
420
0.38
1 0.
105
C
0.31
8 0.
245
C
0.25
7 0.
122
C
0.16
2 0.
091
C
0.14
3 0.
106
CTa
xus
brev
ifolia
TA
BR
0.
600
0.38
1 0.
105
C
0.31
8 0.
245
C
0.25
7 0.
122
C
0.16
2 0.
091
C
0.14
3 0.
106
CTh
uja
occi
dent
alis
TH
OC
0.
290
0.32
9 0.
038
A 0.
259
0.39
0 B
0.
315
0.05
3 A
0.14
3 0.
091
B
0.14
3 0.
110
BTh
uja
plic
ata
THP
L 0.
310
0.31
8 0.
038
A 0.
259
0.39
0 A
0.24
8 0.
030
A 0.
132
0.00
2 A
0.14
3 0.
110
ATi
lia
amer
ican
a TI
AM
0.
320
0.40
6 0.
024
A 0.
333
0.03
2 A
0.25
6 0.
019
A 0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Tilia
he
tero
phyl
la
TIH
E
0.32
0 0.
406
0.23
3 B
0.
333
0.26
3 B
0.
256
0.26
1 B
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Tilia
sp
ecie
s TI
SP
0.32
0 0.
406
0.23
3 B
0.
333
0.26
3 B
0.
256
0.26
1 B
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Torr
eya
calif
orni
ca
TOC
A 0.
340
0.38
1 0.
105
C
0.31
8 0.
245
C
0.25
7 0.
122
C
0.16
2 0.
091
C
0.14
3 0.
106
CTs
uga
cana
dens
is
TSC
A 0.
400
0.39
8 0.
059
A 0.
322
0.24
5 B
0.
325
0.08
4 A
0.17
8 0.
091
B
0.14
0 0.
106
BTs
uga
hete
roph
ylla
TS
HE
0.
420
0.39
9 0.
022
A 0.
346
0.02
3 A
0.25
8 0.
019
A 0.
166
0.02
5 A
0.10
8 0.
106
ATs
uga
mer
tens
iana
TS
ME
0.
420
0.38
0 0.
059
B
0.32
2 0.
245
B
0.28
2 0.
122
B
0.17
8 0.
091
B
0.14
0 0.
106
BTs
uga
spec
ies
TSS
P 0.
380
0.38
0 0.
059
B
0.32
2 0.
245
B
0.28
2 0.
122
B
0.17
8 0.
091
B
0.14
0 0.
106
BU
lmus
al
ata
ULA
L 0.
570
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CU
lmus
am
eric
ana
ULA
M
0.46
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Ulm
us
cras
sifo
lia
ULC
R
0.57
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Ulm
us
pum
ila
ULP
U
0.46
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Ulm
us
rubr
a U
LRU
0.
480
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CU
lmus
se
rotin
a U
LSE
0.
570
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CU
lmus
sp
ecie
s U
LSP
0.50
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Ulm
us
thom
asii
ULT
H
0.57
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Um
bellu
laria
ca
lifor
nica
U
MC
A 0.
510
0.53
3 0.
233
C
0.42
2 0.
263
C
0.32
5 0.
261
C
0.21
2 0.
175
C
0.15
8 0.
077
CVa
ccin
ium
ar
bore
um
VAA
R
0.47
0 0.
533
0.23
3 C
0.
422
0.26
3 C
0.
325
0.26
1 C
0.
212
0.17
5 C
0.
158
0.07
7 C
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
den1
un
c1
cod1
de
n2
unc2
co
d2
den3
un
c3
cod3
de
n4
unc4
co
d4
den5
un
c5 c
od5
(App
endi
x 2
cont
inue
d)
45
CW
D D
ensi
ty P
redi
ctio
ns M
etad
ata
(App
endi
x 2)
Fi
eldn
ame
Defi
niti
on
Cod
es/u
nits
M
etho
dge
nus
Sam
ple
genu
ssp
ecie
s S
ampl
e sp
ecie
sco
de
Gen
us-s
peci
es c
ode
den0
G
reen
den
sity
(dec
ay c
lass
“0”)
g/
cm3
den1
D
ensi
ty o
f dec
ay c
lass
1
g/cm
3 un
c1
Unc
erta
inty
of d
en1
g/cm
3 co
d1
Unc
erta
inty
cod
e fo
r den
1 (A
, B, C
) A
Spe
cies
sam
pled
B
Gen
era
sam
pled
C
Spe
cies
and
gen
us n
ot s
ampl
ed
den2
D
ensi
ty o
f dec
ay c
lass
2
g/cm
3 un
c2
Unc
erta
inty
of d
en2
g/cm
3 co
d2
Unc
erta
inty
cod
e fo
r den
2 (A
, B, C
) A
Spe
cies
sam
pled
B
Gen
era
sam
pled
C
Spe
cies
and
gen
us n
ot s
ampl
ed
den3
D
ensi
ty o
f dec
ay c
lass
3
g/cm
3 un
c3
Unc
erta
inty
of d
en3
g/cm
3 co
d3
Unc
erta
inty
cod
e fo
r den
3 (A
, B, C
) A
Spe
cies
sam
pled
B
Gen
era
sam
pled
C
Spe
cies
and
gen
us n
ot s
ampl
ed
den4
D
ensi
ty o
f dec
ay c
lass
4
g/cm
3 un
c4
Unc
erta
inty
of d
en4
g/cm
3 co
d4
Unc
erta
inty
cod
e fo
r den
4 (A
, B, C
) A
Spe
cies
sam
pled
B
Gen
era
sam
pled
C
Spe
cies
and
gen
us n
ot s
ampl
ed
den5
D
ensi
ty o
f dec
ay c
lass
5
g/cm
3 un
c5
Unc
erta
inty
of d
en5
g/cm
3 co
d5
Unc
erta
inty
cod
e fo
r den
5 (A
, B, C
) A
Spe
cies
sam
pled
B
Gen
era
sam
pled
C
Spe
cies
and
gen
us n
ot s
ampl
ed
46
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
rel1
un
c1
cod1
re
l2
unc2
co
d2
rel3
un
c3
cod3
re
l4
unc4
co
d4
rel5
un
c5 c
od5
Abi
es
amab
ilis
AB
AM
0.
400
0.90
0 0.
047
A 0.
830
0.02
2 A
0.60
4 0.
154
B
0.40
4 0.
093
B
0.30
9 0.
051
BA
bies
ba
lsam
ea
AB
BA
0.34
0 1.
000
0.06
1 A
1.00
0 0.
020
A 0.
828
0.04
2 A
0.50
0 0.
100
A 0.
294
0.03
0 A
Abi
es
brac
teat
a A
BB
R
0.36
0 0.
979
0.05
6 B
0.
848
0.10
7 B
0.
604
0.15
4 B
0.
404
0.09
3 B
0.
309
0.05
1 B
Abi
es
conc
olor
A
BC
O
0.37
0 0.
958
0.01
9 A
0.75
9 0.
018
A 0.
470
0.01
4 A
0.38
1 0.
016
A 0.
330
0.02
0 A
Abi
es
frase
ri A
BFR
0.
340
0.97
9 0.
056
B
0.84
8 0.
107
B
0.60
4 0.
154
B
0.40
4 0.
093
B
0.30
9 0.
051
BA
bies
gr
andi
s A
BG
R
0.35
0 0.
974
0.00
3 A
0.84
0 0.
021
A 0.
643
0.01
8 A
0.40
4 0.
093
B
0.30
9 0.
051
BA
bies
la
sioc
arpa
A
BLA
0.
310
1.00
0 0.
028
A 0.
929
0.07
8 A
0.75
2 0.
023
A 0.
490
0.03
0 A
0.37
7 0.
011
AA
bies
m
agni
fi ca
AB
MA
0.36
0 1.
000
0.01
3 A
0.93
9 0.
053
A 0.
471
0.01
9 A
0.32
9 0.
014
A 0.
233
0.01
0 A
Abi
es
mag
nifi c
a va
r. sh
aste
nsis
A
BM
A2
0.36
0 0.
979
0.05
6 B
0.
848
0.10
7 B
0.
604
0.15
4 B
0.
404
0.09
3 B
0.
309
0.05
1 B
Abi
es
proc
era
AB
PR
0.
370
0.99
5 0.
008
A 0.
727
0.00
9 A
0.63
5 0.
013
A 0.
405
0.02
7 A
0.30
9 0.
051
BA
bies
sp
ecie
s A
BIE
0.
340
0.97
9 0.
056
B
0.84
8 0.
107
B
0.60
4 0.
154
B
0.43
8 0.
093
A 0.
309
0.05
1 B
Aca
cia
spec
ies
AC
SP
0.60
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Ace
r ba
rbat
um
AC
BA
0.54
0 0.
941
0.03
6 B
0.
709
0.27
0 B
0.
533
0.26
5 B
0.
317
0.18
0 B
0.
241
0.09
4 B
Ace
r gl
abru
m
AC
GL
0.44
0 0.
941
0.03
6 B
0.
709
0.27
0 B
0.
533
0.26
5 B
0.
317
0.18
0 B
0.
241
0.09
4 B
Ace
r gr
andi
dent
atum
A
CG
R
0.44
0 0.
941
0.03
6 B
0.
709
0.27
0 B
0.
533
0.26
5 B
0.
317
0.18
0 B
0.
241
0.09
4 B
Ace
r m
acro
phyl
lum
A
CM
A 0.
440
0.94
1 0.
036
B
0.70
9 0.
270
B
0.53
3 0.
265
B
0.31
7 0.
180
B
0.24
1 0.
094
BA
cer
negu
ndo
AC
NE
0.
440
0.94
1 0.
036
B
0.70
9 0.
270
B
0.53
3 0.
265
B
0.31
7 0.
180
B
0.24
1 0.
094
BA
cer
nigr
um
AC
NI
0.52
0 0.
941
0.03
6 B
0.
709
0.27
0 B
0.
533
0.26
5 B
0.
317
0.18
0 B
0.
241
0.09
4 B
Ace
r pe
nsyl
vani
cum
A
CP
E
0.44
0 0.
941
0.03
6 B
0.
709
0.27
0 B
0.
533
0.26
5 B
0.
317
0.18
0 B
0.
241
0.09
4 B
Ace
r ru
brum
A
CR
U
0.49
0 0.
963
0.05
0 A
0.71
6 0.
064
A 0.
583
0.07
5 A
0.31
7 0.
180
B
0.24
1 0.
094
BA
cer
sacc
harin
um
AC
SA
2 0.
440
0.94
1 0.
036
B
0.70
9 0.
270
B
0.53
3 0.
265
B
0.31
7 0.
180
B
0.24
1 0.
094
BA
cer
sacc
haru
m
AC
SA
0.56
0 0.
919
0.02
8 A
0.70
5 0.
063
A 0.
496
0.04
3 A
0.31
7 0.
014
A 0.
241
0.01
5 A
Ace
r sp
ecie
s A
CS
P2
0.60
0 0.
941
0.03
6 B
0.
709
0.27
0 B
0.
533
0.26
5 B
0.
317
0.18
0 B
0.
241
0.09
4 B
Ace
r sp
icat
um
AC
SP
0.44
0 0.
941
0.03
6 B
0.
709
0.27
0 B
0.
533
0.26
5 B
0.
317
0.18
0 B
0.
241
0.09
4 B
Aes
culu
s ca
lifor
nica
A
EC
A 0.
380
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CA
escu
lus
spec
ies
AE
SP
0.33
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Aila
nthu
s al
tissi
ma
AIA
L 0.
370
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CA
leur
ites
ford
ii A
LFO
0.
470
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CA
lnus
ru
bra
ALR
U
0.37
0 0.
990
0.00
8 A
0.83
6 0.
047
A 0.
505
0.01
1 A
0.27
7 0.
008
A 0.
300
0.04
9 A
Aln
us
spec
ies
ALS
P 0.
370
0.99
0 0.
136
B
0.83
6 0.
270
B
0.50
5 0.
265
B
0.27
7 0.
180
B
0.30
0 0.
094
BA
mel
anch
ier
spec
ies
AM
SP
0.66
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Arb
utus
m
enzi
esii
AR
ME
0.
580
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CA
sim
ina
trilo
ba
AS
TR
0.47
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Bet
ula
alle
ghan
iens
is
BE
AL
0.55
0 0.
992
0.13
6 B
0.
660
0.27
0 B
0.
317
0.03
0 A
0.28
3 0.
020
A 0.
183
0.01
0 A
Bet
ula
lent
a B
ELE
0.
600
1.00
0 0.
069
A 0.
700
0.09
9 A
0.47
2 0.
085
A 0.
309
0.18
0 B
0.
200
0.09
4 B
Bet
ula
lute
a B
ELU
0.
600
1.00
0 0.
043
A 0.
621
0.05
8 A
0.37
7 0.
045
A 0.
309
0.18
0 B
0.
200
0.09
4 B
Bet
ula
nigr
a B
EN
I 0.
560
0.99
2 0.
136
B
0.66
0 0.
270
B
0.48
2 0.
265
B
0.30
9 0.
180
B
0.20
0 0.
094
BB
etul
a oc
cide
ntal
is
BE
OC
0.
530
0.99
2 0.
136
B
0.66
0 0.
270
B
0.48
2 0.
265
B
0.30
9 0.
180
B
0.20
0 0.
094
BB
etul
a pa
pyrif
era
BE
PA
0.48
0 0.
977
0.05
2 A
0.66
0 0.
270
B
0.73
3 0.
128
A 0.
309
0.18
0 B
0.
200
0.09
4 B
Bet
ula
papy
rifer
a va
r. co
mm
utat
a B
EPA
2 0.
480
0.99
2 0.
136
B
0.66
0 0.
270
B
0.48
2 0.
265
B
0.30
9 0.
180
B
0.20
0 0.
094
BB
etul
a po
pulif
olia
B
EP
O
0.45
0 0.
992
0.13
6 B
0.
660
0.27
0 B
0.
482
0.26
5 B
0.
309
0.18
0 B
0.
200
0.09
4 B
Bet
ula
spec
ies
BE
SP
0.48
0 0.
992
0.13
6 B
0.
660
0.27
0 B
0.
482
0.26
5 B
0.
309
0.18
0 B
0.
200
0.09
4 B
APP
END
IX 3
.—C
WD
rela
tive
dens
ity a
nd it
s un
cert
aint
y fo
r eac
h de
cay
clas
s by
spe
cies
pre
sent
in th
e U
.S. F
IA s
yste
m
47
Bro
sim
um
alca
stru
m
BR
AL
0.74
0 0.
836
0.01
0 A
0.49
1 0.
052
A 0.
335
0.05
3 A
0.19
3 0.
018
A 0.
270
0.09
4 A
Bum
elia
la
nugi
nosa
B
ULA
0.
470
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CB
urse
ra
sim
arub
a B
US
I 0.
330
0.97
3 0.
026
A 0.
643
0.02
9 A
0.38
7 0.
017
A 0.
385
0.06
0 A
0.35
2 0.
094
AC
aloc
edru
s de
curr
ens
CA
DE
3 0.
370
1.00
0 0.
073
A 0.
845
0.03
9 A
0.76
0 0.
035
A 0.
420
0.10
5 C
0.
366
0.14
0 C
Car
pinu
s ca
rolin
iana
C
AC
A 0.
580
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CC
arya
aq
uatic
a C
AA
Q
0.61
0 0.
950
0.07
2 B
0.
653
0.08
5 B
0.
381
0.07
5 B
0.
279
0.18
0 B
0.
244
0.09
4 B
Car
ya
cord
iform
is
CA
CO
0.
600
1.00
0 0.
074
A 0.
612
0.07
4 A
0.41
5 0.
050
A 0.
279
0.18
0 B
0.
244
0.09
4 B
Car
ya
glab
ra
CA
GL
0.66
0 0.
950
0.07
2 B
0.
653
0.08
5 B
0.
381
0.07
5 B
0.
279
0.18
0 B
0.
244
0.09
4 B
Car
ya
illin
oens
is
CA
IL
0.60
0 0.
950
0.07
2 B
0.
653
0.08
5 B
0.
381
0.07
5 B
0.
279
0.18
0 B
0.
244
0.09
4 B
Car
ya
laci
nios
a C
ALA
0.
620
0.95
0 0.
072
B
0.65
3 0.
085
B
0.38
1 0.
075
B
0.27
9 0.
180
B
0.24
4 0.
094
BC
arya
m
yris
ticae
form
is
CA
MY
0.56
0 0.
950
0.07
2 B
0.
653
0.08
5 B
0.
381
0.07
5 B
0.
279
0.18
0 B
0.
244
0.09
4 B
Car
ya
ovat
a C
AO
V
0.64
0 0.
861
0.07
1 A
0.74
8 0.
087
A 0.
481
0.06
5 A
0.27
9 0.
180
B
0.24
4 0.
094
BC
arya
sp
ecie
s C
AS
P 0.
620
1.00
0 0.
031
A 0.
673
0.02
1 A
0.31
5 0.
017
A 0.
279
0.02
7 A
0.24
4 0.
059
AC
arya
te
xana
C
ATE
0.
540
0.95
0 0.
072
B
0.65
3 0.
085
B
0.38
1 0.
075
B
0.27
9 0.
180
B
0.24
4 0.
094
BC
arya
to
men
tosa
C
ATO
0.
640
0.93
9 0.
059
A 0.
581
0.03
3 A
0.31
3 0.
075
A 0.
279
0.18
0 B
0.
244
0.09
4 B
Cas
tane
a de
ntat
a C
AD
E
0.40
0 0.
900
0.04
6 A
0.87
0 0.
038
A 0.
630
0.05
6 A
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.36
6 0.
094
CC
asta
nea
ozar
kens
is
CA
OZ
0.40
0 0.
900
0.13
6 B
0.
870
0.27
0 B
0.
638
0.26
5 B
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Cas
tane
a pu
mila
C
AP
U
0.40
0 0.
900
0.13
6 B
0.
870
0.27
0 B
0.
638
0.26
5 B
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Cas
tano
psis
sp
ecie
s C
AS
T 0.
420
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CC
atal
pa
spec
ies
CAT
A 0.
380
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CC
ecro
pia
obtu
sifo
lia
CE
OB
0.
300
0.90
0 0.
048
A 0.
687
0.04
9 A
0.46
0 0.
023
A 0.
320
0.03
4 A
0.28
2 0.
094
CC
eltis
la
evig
ata
CE
LA
0.47
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Cel
tis
occi
dent
alis
C
EO
C
0.49
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Cel
tis
spec
ies
CE
SP
0.49
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Cer
cis
cana
dens
is
CE
CA
0.58
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Cer
coca
rpus
in
trica
tus
CE
IN
1.00
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Cer
coca
rpus
le
difo
lius
CE
LE
1.00
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Cer
coca
rpus
m
onta
nus
CE
MO
1.
000
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CC
ham
aecy
paris
la
wso
nian
a C
HLA
0.
390
0.95
6 0.
073
C
0.82
7 0.
314
C
0.67
8 0.
201
C
0.42
6 0.
105
C
0.36
6 0.
140
CC
ham
aecy
paris
no
otka
tens
is
CH
NO
0.
420
0.95
6 0.
073
C
0.82
7 0.
314
C
0.67
8 0.
201
C
0.42
6 0.
105
C
0.36
6 0.
140
CC
ham
aecy
paris
th
yoid
es
CH
TH
0.31
0 0.
956
0.07
3 C
0.
827
0.31
4 C
0.
678
0.20
1 C
0.
426
0.10
5 C
0.
366
0.14
0 C
Cla
dras
tis
lute
a C
LLU
0.
520
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CC
ornu
s fl o
rida
CO
FL
0.64
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Cor
nus
nutta
llii
CO
NU
0.
580
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CC
ornu
s sp
ecie
s C
OS
P 0.
640
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CC
otin
us
obov
aus
CO
OB
0.
470
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CC
rata
egus
sp
ecie
s C
RS
P 0.
620
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CC
upre
ssus
sp
ecie
s C
US
P 0.
440
0.95
6 0.
073
C
0.82
7 0.
314
C
0.67
8 0.
201
C
0.42
6 0.
105
C
0.36
6 0.
140
CD
iosp
yros
vi
rgin
iana
D
IVI
0.64
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Euc
alyp
tus
spec
ies
EU
SP
0.67
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Fagu
s gr
andi
folia
FA
GR
0.
560
0.97
6 0.
056
A 0.
614
0.04
2 A
0.47
9 0.
032
A 0.
375
0.02
8 A
0.25
0 0.
012
AFr
axin
us
amer
ican
a FR
AM
0.
550
0.86
4 0.
070
A 0.
520
0.07
0 A
0.57
0 0.
048
A 0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
182
0.03
0 A
Frax
inus
la
tifol
ia
FRLA
0.
500
0.86
4 0.
136
B
0.57
6 0.
270
B
0.54
2 0.
265
B
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.18
2 0.
094
BFr
axin
us
nigr
a FR
NI
0.45
0 0.
864
0.13
6 B
0.
576
0.27
0 B
0.
542
0.26
5 B
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
182
0.09
4 B
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
rel1
un
c1
cod1
re
l2
unc2
co
d2
rel3
un
c3
cod3
re
l4
unc4
co
d4
rel5
un
c5 c
od5
(App
endi
x 3
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
48
Frax
inus
pe
nnsy
lvan
ica
FRP
E
0.53
0 0.
864
0.13
6 B
0.
576
0.27
0 B
0.
542
0.26
5 B
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
182
0.09
4 B
Frax
inus
pr
ofun
da
FRP
R
0.54
0 0.
864
0.13
6 B
0.
576
0.27
0 B
0.
542
0.26
5 B
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
182
0.09
4 B
Frax
inus
qu
adra
ngul
ata
FRQ
U
0.53
0 0.
864
0.13
6 B
0.
576
0.27
0 B
0.
542
0.26
5 B
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
182
0.09
4 B
Frax
inus
sp
ecie
s FR
SP
0.54
0 0.
864
0.13
6 B
0.
576
0.27
0 B
0.
542
0.26
5 B
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
182
0.09
4 B
Gle
dits
ia
aqua
tica
GLA
Q
0.60
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Gle
dits
ia
triac
anth
os
GLT
R
0.60
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Gor
doni
a la
sian
thus
G
OLA
0.
370
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CG
ymno
clad
us
dioi
cus
GY
DI
0.50
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Hal
esia
sp
ecie
s H
AS
P 0.
320
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CH
elio
carp
os
appe
ndic
ulat
us
HE
AP
0.25
0 0.
716
0.04
1 A
0.60
4 0.
035
A 0.
536
0.00
8 A
0.45
2 0.
020
A 0.
282
0.09
4 C
Ilex
opac
a IL
OP
0.50
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Jugl
ans
cine
rea
JUC
I 0.
360
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CJu
glan
s sp
ecie
s JU
SP
0.51
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Julg
lans
ni
gra
JUN
I 0.
510
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CJu
nipe
rus
mon
ospe
rma
JUM
O
0.45
0 0.
956
0.07
3 C
0.
827
0.31
4 C
0.
678
0.20
1 C
0.
426
0.10
5 C
0.
366
0.14
0 C
Juni
peru
s oc
cide
ntal
is
JUO
C
0.44
0 0.
956
0.07
3 C
0.
827
0.31
4 C
0.
678
0.20
1 C
0.
426
0.10
5 C
0.
366
0.14
0 C
Juni
peru
s sp
ecie
s JU
SP
2 0.
440
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CLa
rix
laric
ina
LALA
0.
490
0.95
6 0.
073
C
0.82
7 0.
314
C
0.67
8 0.
201
C
0.42
6 0.
105
C
0.36
6 0.
140
CLa
rix
lyal
lii
LALY
0.
480
0.95
6 0.
073
C
0.82
7 0.
314
C
0.67
8 0.
201
C
0.42
6 0.
105
C
0.36
6 0.
140
CLa
rix
occi
dent
alis
LA
OC
0.
480
0.95
6 0.
073
C
0.82
7 0.
314
C
0.67
8 0.
201
C
0.42
6 0.
105
C
0.36
6 0.
140
CLa
rix
spec
ies
LAS
P 0.
440
0.95
6 0.
073
C
0.82
7 0.
314
C
0.67
8 0.
201
C
0.42
6 0.
105
C
0.36
6 0.
140
CLi
quid
amba
r st
yrac
ifl ua
LI
ST
0.46
0 0.
978
0.00
8 A
0.72
0 0.
031
A 0.
496
0.02
5 A
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CLi
riode
ndro
n tu
lipife
ra
LITU
0.
400
0.94
0 0.
042
A 0.
786
0.04
1 A
0.52
3 0.
026
A 0.
353
0.05
5 A
0.28
2 0.
094
CLi
thoc
arpu
s de
nsifl
orus
LI
DE
0.
580
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CM
aclu
ra
pom
ifera
M
AP
O
0.76
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Mag
nolia
ac
umin
ata
MA
AC
0.
450
0.85
0 0.
028
A 0.
798
0.08
4 A
0.50
0 0.
059
A 0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Mag
nolia
sp
ecie
s M
AS
P 0.
450
0.85
0 0.
136
B
0.79
8 0.
270
B
0.50
0 0.
265
B
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CM
alus
sp
ecie
s M
AS
P2
0.61
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Man
ilkar
a za
pota
M
AZA
0.
950
0.79
0 0.
040
A 0.
787
0.04
0 A
0.74
0 0.
138
A 0.
566
0.05
0 A
0.28
2 0.
094
CM
elia
az
edar
ach
ME
AZ
0.47
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Mor
us
alba
M
OA
L 0.
590
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CM
orus
ru
bra
MO
RU
0.
590
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CM
orus
sp
ecie
s M
OS
P 0.
590
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CM
yrci
anth
es
fraga
ns
MY
FR
0.75
0 0.
968
0.13
6 A
0.87
2 0.
047
A 0.
745
0.09
5 A
0.40
0 0.
180
A 0.
282
0.09
4 C
Nys
sa
aqua
tica
NYA
Q
0.46
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Nys
sa
ogec
he
NY
OG
0.
460
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CN
yssa
sy
lvat
ica
NY
SY
0.46
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Oln
eya
teso
ta
OLT
E
1.00
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Ost
rya
virg
inia
na
OS
VI
0.63
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Oxy
dend
rum
ar
bore
um
OX
AR
0.
500
1.00
0 0.
103
A 0.
812
0.03
4 A
0.67
4 0.
057
A 0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Pau
low
nia
tom
ento
sa
PATO
0.
380
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CP
erse
a bo
rbon
ia
PE
BO
0.
510
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CP
icea
ab
ies
PIA
B
0.38
0 0.
998
0.07
3 B
0.
858
0.31
4 B
0.
745
0.20
1 B
0.
426
0.10
5 B
0.
347
0.14
0 B
Pic
ea
brew
eria
na
PIB
R
0.33
0 0.
998
0.07
3 B
0.
858
0.31
4 B
0.
745
0.20
1 B
0.
426
0.10
5 B
0.
347
0.14
0 B
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
rel1
un
c1
cod1
re
l2
unc2
co
d2
rel3
un
c3
cod3
re
l4
unc4
co
d4
rel5
un
c5 c
od5
(App
endi
x 3
cont
inue
d)
49
Pic
ea
enge
lman
nii
PIE
N
0.33
0 0.
916
0.07
3 B
0.
782
0.02
3 A
0.74
5 0.
201
B
0.35
5 0.
026
A 0.
347
0.14
0 B
Pic
ea
glau
ca
PIG
L 0.
410
0.99
8 0.
073
B
0.85
8 0.
314
B
0.74
5 0.
201
B
0.42
6 0.
105
B
0.34
7 0.
140
BP
icea
lu
tzii
PIL
U
0.37
0 0.
989
0.03
4 A
0.91
3 0.
035
A 0.
671
0.06
7 A
0.39
7 0.
027
A 0.
271
0.01
8 A
Pic
ea
mar
iana
P
IMA
0.38
0 0.
998
0.07
3 B
0.
858
0.31
4 B
0.
745
0.20
1 B
0.
426
0.10
5 B
0.
347
0.14
0 B
Pic
ea
pung
ens
PIP
U
0.38
0 0.
998
0.07
3 B
0.
858
0.31
4 B
0.
745
0.20
1 B
0.
426
0.10
5 B
0.
347
0.14
0 B
Pic
ea
rube
ns
PIR
U
0.38
0 1.
000
0.05
7 A
0.85
8 0.
314
B
0.83
2 0.
112
A 0.
426
0.10
5 B
0.
347
0.14
0 B
Pic
ea
sitc
hens
is
PIS
I 0.
370
1.00
0 0.
008
A 0.
868
0.02
1 A
0.74
0 0.
021
A 0.
476
0.02
9 A
0.38
5 0.
008
AP
icea
sp
ecie
s P
ICE
0.
380
0.99
8 0.
073
B
0.85
8 0.
314
B
0.74
5 0.
201
B
0.42
6 0.
105
B
0.34
7 0.
140
BP
inus
al
bica
ulis
P
IAL
0.37
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
697
0.10
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
aris
tata
P
IAR
0.
370
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
ar
izon
ica
PIA
R2
0.37
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
697
0.10
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
atte
nuat
a P
IAT
0.37
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
697
0.10
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
balfo
uria
na
PIB
A 0.
370
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
ba
nksi
ana
PIB
A2
0.40
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
697
0.10
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
clau
sa
PIC
L 0.
460
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
co
ntor
ta
PIC
O
0.38
0 0.
977
0.02
0 A
0.95
6 0.
013
A 0.
809
0.02
2 A
0.51
2 0.
019
A 0.
432
0.00
9 A
Pin
us
coul
teri
PIC
O2
0.37
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
697
0.10
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
disc
olor
P
IDI
0.50
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
697
0.10
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
echi
nata
P
IEC
0.
470
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
ed
ulis
P
IED
0.
500
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
el
liotti
i P
IEL
0.54
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
697
0.10
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
enge
lman
nii
PIE
N2
0.37
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
745
0.09
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
347
0.03
8 B
Pin
us
fl exi
lis
PIF
L 0.
370
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
gl
abra
P
IGL2
0.
370
0.99
8 0.
061
B
0.85
8 0.
090
B
0.74
5 0.
106
B
0.42
6 0.
063
B
0.34
7 0.
124
BP
inus
je
ffery
i P
IJE
0.
370
0.86
9 0.
026
A 0.
835
0.04
2 A
0.66
4 0.
047
A 0.
454
0.03
9 A
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
la
mbe
rtian
a P
ILA
0.34
0 1.
000
0.03
7 A
0.78
8 0.
011
A 0.
553
0.02
0 A
0.36
4 0.
025
A 0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
leio
phyl
la
PIL
E
0.37
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
697
0.10
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
mon
ophy
lla
PIM
O
0.50
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
697
0.10
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
mon
ticol
a P
IMO
3 0.
350
0.98
3 0.
005
A 0.
866
0.01
2 A
0.88
0 0.
015
A 0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
mur
icat
a P
IMU
0.
370
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
ni
gra
PIN
I 0.
410
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
pa
lust
ris
PIP
A 0.
540
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
po
nder
osa
PIP
O
0.38
0 0.
889
0.00
5 A
0.87
6 0.
018
A 0.
868
0.03
5 A
0.33
9 0.
008
A 0.
495
0.13
4 A
Pin
us
pung
ens
PIP
U2
0.49
0 0.
998
0.06
1 B
0.
858
0.09
0 B
0.
745
0.10
6 B
0.
426
0.06
3 B
0.
347
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
radi
ata
PIR
A 0.
370
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
re
sino
sa
PIR
E
0.41
0 0.
829
0.06
1 A
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.65
9 0.
106
A 0.
366
0.06
3 A
0.26
8 0.
124
AP
inus
rig
ida
PIR
I 0.
470
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
sa
bini
ana
PIS
A 0.
370
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
se
rotin
a P
ISE
0.
510
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
st
robi
form
is
PIS
T2
0.35
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
697
0.10
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Pin
us
stro
bus
PIS
T 0.
340
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
sy
lves
tris
PIS
Y 0.
410
0.91
6 0.
061
B
0.82
6 0.
090
B
0.69
7 0.
106
B
0.42
1 0.
063
B
0.40
7 0.
124
BP
inus
ta
eda
PIT
A 0.
470
0.82
9 0.
012
A 0.
682
0.00
5 A
0.55
0 0.
002
A 0.
423
0.00
4 A
0.42
1 0.
124
AP
inus
vi
rgin
iana
P
IVI
0.45
0 0.
916
0.06
1 B
0.
826
0.09
0 B
0.
697
0.10
6 B
0.
421
0.06
3 B
0.
407
0.12
4 B
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
rel1
un
c1
cod1
re
l2
unc2
co
d2
rel3
un
c3
cod3
re
l4
unc4
co
d4
rel5
un
c5 c
od5
(App
endi
x 3
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
50
Pla
nera
aq
uatic
a P
LAQ
0.
530
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CP
lata
nus
occi
dent
alis
P
LOC
0.
460
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CP
opul
us
alba
P
OA
L 0.
370
0.96
7 0.
136
B
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.81
9 0.
265
B
0.43
2 0.
180
B
0.29
7 0.
094
BP
opul
us
angu
stifo
lia
PO
AN
0.
340
0.96
7 0.
136
B
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.81
9 0.
265
B
0.43
2 0.
180
B
0.29
7 0.
094
BP
opul
us
bals
amife
ra
PO
BA
0.31
0 0.
967
0.13
6 B
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
819
0.26
5 B
0.
432
0.18
0 B
0.
297
0.09
4 B
Pop
ulus
de
ltoid
es
PO
DE
0.
370
0.96
7 0.
136
B
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.81
9 0.
265
B
0.43
2 0.
180
B
0.29
7 0.
094
BP
opul
us
frem
ontii
P
OFR
0.
340
0.96
7 0.
136
B
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.81
9 0.
265
B
0.43
2 0.
180
B
0.29
7 0.
094
BP
opul
us
gran
dide
ntat
a P
OG
R
0.36
0 0.
933
0.06
7 A
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.82
8 0.
066
A 0.
432
0.18
0 B
0.
297
0.09
4 B
Pop
ulus
he
tero
phyl
la
PO
HE
0.
370
0.96
7 0.
136
B
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.81
9 0.
265
B
0.43
2 0.
180
B
0.29
7 0.
094
BP
opul
us
sarg
entii
P
OS
A 0.
370
0.96
7 0.
136
B
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.81
9 0.
265
B
0.43
2 0.
180
B
0.29
7 0.
094
BP
opul
us
spec
ies
PO
SP
0.37
0 1.
000
0.13
6 A
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.81
1 0.
265
A 0.
432
0.18
0 A
0.29
7 0.
094
AP
opul
us
trem
uloi
des
PO
TR
0.35
0 0.
967
0.13
6 B
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
819
0.26
5 B
0.
432
0.18
0 B
0.
297
0.09
4 B
Pro
sopi
s sp
ecie
s P
RS
P 0.
580
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CP
runu
s am
eric
ana
PR
AM
0.
470
1.00
0 0.
136
B
0.96
8 0.
270
B
0.66
8 0.
265
B
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CP
runu
s ni
gra
PR
NI
0.47
0 1.
000
0.13
6 B
0.
968
0.27
0 B
0.
668
0.26
5 B
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Pru
nus
pens
ylva
nica
P
RP
E
0.36
0 1.
000
0.02
9 A
0.93
6 0.
026
A 0.
600
0.02
6 A
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CP
runu
s se
rotin
a P
RS
E
0.47
0 1.
000
0.07
2 A
1.00
0 0.
049
A 0.
736
0.09
7 A
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CP
runu
s sp
ecie
s P
RS
P2
0.47
0 1.
000
0.13
6 B
0.
968
0.27
0 B
0.
668
0.26
5 B
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Pru
nus
virg
inia
na
PR
VI
0.36
0 1.
000
0.13
6 B
0.
968
0.27
0 B
0.
668
0.26
5 B
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Pse
udot
suga
m
enzi
esii
PS
ME
0.
450
0.85
8 0.
013
A 0.
723
0.01
7 A
0.44
4 0.
022
A 0.
305
0.01
1 A
0.32
9 0.
110
AQ
uerc
us
agrif
olia
Q
UA
G
0.70
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
al
ba
QU
AL
0.60
0 0.
973
0.03
1 A
0.74
6 0.
019
A 0.
558
0.04
5 A
0.28
0 0.
071
A 0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ar
izon
ica,
gris
ea
QU
AR
0.
700
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
bico
lor
QU
BI
0.64
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ch
ryso
lepi
s Q
UC
H
0.70
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
co
ccin
ea
QU
CO
0.
600
0.95
2 0.
053
A 0.
837
0.04
1 A
0.73
7 0.
033
A 0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
do
ugla
sii
QU
DO
0.
510
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
dura
ndii
QU
DU
0.
600
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
ellip
soid
alis
Q
UE
L 0.
560
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
emor
yi
QU
EM
0.
700
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
enge
lman
nii
QU
EN
0.
700
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
falc
ata
var.
falc
ata
QU
FA
0.52
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
fa
lcat
a va
r. pa
goda
efol
ia
QU
FA2
0.61
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ga
mbe
lii
QU
GA
0.64
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ga
rrya
na
QU
GA
2 0.
640
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
hypo
leuc
oide
s Q
UH
Y 0.
700
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
ilici
folia
Q
UIL
0.
560
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
imbr
icar
ia
QU
IM
0.56
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
in
cana
Q
UIN
0.
560
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
kello
ggii
QU
KE
0.
510
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
laev
is
QU
LA
0.52
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
la
urifo
lia
QU
LA2
0.56
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
lo
bata
Q
ULO
0.
640
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
lyra
ta
QU
LY
0.57
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
rel1
un
c1
cod1
re
l2
unc2
co
d2
rel3
un
c3
cod3
re
l4
unc4
co
d4
rel5
un
c5 c
od5
(App
endi
x 3
cont
inue
d)
51
Que
rcus
m
acro
carp
a Q
UM
A 0.
580
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
mar
iland
ica
QU
MA
2 0.
560
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
mic
haux
ii Q
UM
I 0.
600
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
mue
hlen
berg
ii Q
UM
U
0.60
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ni
gra
QU
NI
0.56
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
nu
ttalli
i Q
UN
U
0.56
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ob
long
ifolia
Q
UO
B
0.70
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
pa
lust
ris
QU
PA
0.58
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
ph
ello
s Q
UP
H
0.56
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
pr
inus
Q
UP
R
0.57
0 1.
000
0.07
8 A
0.85
8 0.
093
A 0.
516
0.04
2 A
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
rubr
a Q
UR
U
0.56
0 0.
991
0.04
3 A
0.79
5 0.
083
A 0.
690
0.08
1 A
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
shum
ardi
i Q
US
H
0.56
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
sp
ecie
s Q
US
P 0.
580
0.97
4 0.
019
A 0.
797
0.03
9 A
0.64
9 0.
043
A 0.
483
0.02
0 A
0.42
8 0.
021
AQ
uerc
us
stel
lata
Q
US
T 0.
600
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.77
9 0.
099
B
0.66
5 0.
114
B
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
velu
tina
QU
VE
0.
560
0.98
1 0.
051
B
0.64
8 0.
099
A 0.
809
0.11
4 A
0.41
6 0.
086
B
0.42
8 0.
011
BQ
uerc
us
virg
inia
na
QU
VI
0.80
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Que
rcus
w
isliz
eni
QU
WI
0.70
0 0.
981
0.05
1 B
0.
779
0.09
9 B
0.
665
0.11
4 B
0.
416
0.08
6 B
0.
428
0.01
1 B
Rob
inia
ne
omex
ican
a R
ON
E
0.66
0 1.
000
0.13
6 B
0.
848
0.27
0 B
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Rob
inia
ps
eudo
acac
ia
RO
PS
0.
660
1.00
0 0.
031
A 0.
848
0.05
3 A
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CS
abal
sp
ecie
s S
AS
P 0.
550
0.92
7 0.
082
A 0.
744
0.09
1 A
0.61
5 0.
074
A 0.
265
0.11
2 A
0.28
2 0.
094
CS
alix
sp
ecie
s S
AS
P 0.
360
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CS
apiu
m
sebi
feru
m
SA
SE
0.
470
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CS
assa
fras
albi
dum
S
AA
L 0.
420
1.00
0 0.
028
A 0.
924
0.04
2 A
0.80
5 0.
025
A 0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Seq
uoia
se
mpe
rvire
ns
SE
SE
0.
340
0.95
6 0.
073
C
0.82
7 0.
314
C
0.67
8 0.
201
C
0.42
6 0.
105
C
0.36
6 0.
140
CS
equo
iade
ndro
n gi
gant
eum
S
EG
I 0.
340
0.95
6 0.
073
C
0.82
7 0.
314
C
0.67
8 0.
201
C
0.42
6 0.
105
C
0.36
6 0.
140
CS
orbu
s am
eric
ana
SO
AM
0.
420
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CTa
mar
ix
spec
ies
TAS
P 0.
400
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CTa
xodi
um
dist
ichu
m v
ar. n
utan
s TA
DI
0.42
0 0.
956
0.07
3 C
0.
827
0.31
4 C
0.
678
0.20
1 C
0.
426
0.10
5 C
0.
366
0.14
0 C
Taxu
s br
evifo
lia
TAB
R
0.60
0 0.
956
0.07
3 C
0.
827
0.31
4 C
0.
678
0.20
1 C
0.
426
0.10
5 C
0.
366
0.14
0 C
Thuj
a oc
cide
ntal
is
THO
C
0.29
0 1.
000
0.03
8 A
0.83
5 0.
195
B
1.00
0 0.
053
A 0.
461
0.00
1 B
0.
461
0.05
5 B
Thuj
a pl
icat
a TH
PL
0.31
0 1.
000
0.07
3 A
0.83
5 0.
390
A 0.
800
0.03
0 A
0.46
2 0.
002
A 0.
461
0.11
0 A
Tilia
am
eric
ana
TIA
M
0.32
0 1.
000
0.02
4 A
1.00
0 0.
032
A 0.
800
0.01
9 A
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CTi
lia
hete
roph
ylla
TI
HE
0.
320
1.00
0 0.
136
B
1.00
0 0.
270
B
0.80
0 0.
265
B
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CTi
lia
spec
ies
TIS
P 0.
320
1.00
0 0.
136
B
1.00
0 0.
270
B
0.80
0 0.
265
B
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CTo
rrey
a ca
lifor
nica
TO
CA
0.34
0 0.
956
0.07
3 C
0.
827
0.31
4 C
0.
678
0.20
1 C
0.
426
0.10
5 C
0.
366
0.14
0 C
Tsug
a ca
nade
nsis
TS
CA
0.40
0 0.
995
0.05
9 A
0.76
7 0.
314
B
0.81
3 0.
084
A 0.
425
0.10
5 B
0.
333
0.14
0 B
Tsug
a he
tero
phyl
la
TSH
E
0.42
0 0.
890
0.02
2 A
0.76
7 0.
023
A 0.
636
0.01
9 A
0.42
5 0.
025
A 0.
332
0.10
6 A
Tsug
a m
erte
nsia
na
TSM
E
0.42
0 0.
916
0.05
6 B
0.
767
0.31
4 B
0.
681
0.08
6 B
0.
425
0.10
5 B
0.
333
0.14
0 B
Tsug
a sp
ecie
s TS
SP
0.38
0 0.
916
0.05
6 B
0.
767
0.31
4 B
0.
681
0.08
6 B
0.
425
0.10
5 B
0.
333
0.14
0 B
Ulm
us
alat
a U
LAL
0.57
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Ulm
us
amer
ican
a U
LAM
0.
460
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CU
lmus
cr
assi
folia
U
LCR
0.
570
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CU
lmus
pu
mila
U
LPU
0.
460
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CU
lmus
ru
bra
ULR
U
0.48
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
rel1
un
c1
cod1
re
l2
unc2
co
d2
rel3
un
c3
cod3
re
l4
unc4
co
d4
rel5
un
c5 c
od5
(App
endi
x 3
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
52
Ulm
us
sero
tina
ULS
E
0.57
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Ulm
us
spec
ies
ULS
P 0.
500
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CU
lmus
th
omas
ii U
LTH
0.
570
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
CU
mbe
llula
ria
calif
orni
ca
UM
CA
0.51
0 0.
944
0.13
6 C
0.
734
0.27
0 C
0.
583
0.26
5 C
0.
370
0.18
0 C
0.
282
0.09
4 C
Vacc
iniu
m
arbo
reum
VA
AR
0.
470
0.94
4 0.
136
C
0.73
4 0.
270
C
0.58
3 0.
265
C
0.37
0 0.
180
C
0.28
2 0.
094
C
Gen
us
Spec
ies
code
de
n0
rel1
un
c1
cod1
re
l2
unc2
co
d2
rel3
un
c3
cod3
re
l4
unc4
co
d4
rel5
un
c5 c
od5
(App
endi
x 3
cont
inue
d)
53
CW
D R
elat
ive
Den
sity
Pre
dict
ions
Met
adat
a (A
ppen
dix
3)
Fiel
dnam
e D
efi n
ition
C
ode/
units
M
etho
d
genu
s ge
nus
sp
ecie
s sp
ecie
s
code
ge
nus-
spec
ies
code
den0
gr
een
dens
ity
g/cm
3 un
c0
unce
rtain
ty g
reen
den
sity
rel1
re
lativ
e de
nsity
dec
ay c
lass
1
dim
ensi
onle
ss
unc1
un
certa
inty
of r
el1
dim
ensi
onle
ss
cod1
un
certa
inty
cod
e fo
r rel
1 A
Spe
cies
sam
pled
B
Gen
era
sam
pled
C
Spe
cies
and
gen
us n
ot s
ampl
ed
rel2
re
lativ
e de
nsity
dec
ay c
lass
2
dim
ensi
onle
ss
unc2
un
certa
inty
of r
el2
dim
ensi
onle
ss
cod2
un
certa
inty
cod
e fo
r rel
2 A
Spe
cies
sam
pled
B
Gen
era
sam
pled
C
Spe
cies
and
gen
us n
ot s
ampl
ed
rel3
re
lativ
e de
nsity
dec
ay c
lass
3
dim
ensi
onle
ss
unc3
un
certa
inty
of r
el3
dim
ensi
onle
ss
cod3
un
certa
inty
cod
e fo
r rel
3 A
Spe
cies
sam
pled
B
Gen
era
sam
pled
C
Spe
cies
and
gen
us n
ot s
ampl
ed
rel4
re
lativ
e de
nsity
dec
ay c
lass
4
dim
ensi
onle
ss
unc4
un
certa
inty
of r
el4
dim
ensi
onle
ss
cod4
un
certa
inty
cod
e fo
r rel
4 A
Spe
cies
sam
pled
B
Gen
era
sam
pled
C
Spe
cies
and
gen
us n
ot s
ampl
ed
rel5
re
lativ
e de
nsity
dec
ay c
lass
5
dim
ensi
onle
ss
unc5
un
certa
inty
of r
el5
dim
ensi
onle
ss
cod5
un
certa
inty
cod
e fo
r rel
5 A
Spe
cies
sam
pled
B
Gen
era
sam
pled
C
Spe
cies
and
gen
us n
ot s
ampl
ed
54
App
endi
x 4.
—FW
D a
bsol
ute
and
rela
tive
dens
ity a
nd th
eir u
ncer
tain
ty fo
r eac
h si
ze c
lass
by
spec
ies
pres
ent i
n
the
U.S
. FIA
sys
tem
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
AB
AM
1
0.40
1.
29
0.02
B
0.
51
0.01
A
0.82
0.
19
C
0.42
0.
04
CA
BA
M
2 0.
40
1.38
0.
02
A 0.
55
0.01
A
0.96
0.
01
A 0.
53
0.01
A
AB
AM
3
0.40
1.
12
0.03
A
0.45
0.
01
A 0.
99
0.03
A
0.44
0.
01
AA
BA
M
4 0.
40
1.35
0.
01
B
0.54
0.
00
A 0.
80
0.12
C
0.
43
0.06
C
AB
BA
1 0.
34
2.04
0.
09
B
0.70
0.
03
A 0.
64
0.06
B
0.
45
0.04
B
AB
BA
2 0.
34
1.19
0.
21
A 0.
41
0.03
A
1.00
0.
01
A 0.
41
0.04
B
AB
BA
3 0.
34
1.11
0.
23
C
0.38
0.
08
B
1.00
0.
09
B
0.38
0.
04
BA
BB
A 4
0.34
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
43
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
34
0.06
C
AB
BR
1
0.36
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
53
0.11
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
44
0.07
C
AB
BR
2
0.36
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
44
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
45
0.04
C
AB
BR
3
0.36
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
40
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
38
0.05
C
AB
BR
4
0.36
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
45
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
36
0.06
C
AB
CO
1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
44
0.07
C
AB
CO
2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
AB
CO
3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
39
0.05
C
AB
CO
4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
AB
FR
1 0.
34
1.47
0.
31
C
0.50
0.
10
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.41
0.
07
CA
BFR
2
0.34
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
41
0.06
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
42
0.04
C
AB
FR
3 0.
34
1.11
0.
23
C
0.38
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.36
0.
04
CA
BFR
4
0.34
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
43
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
34
0.06
C
AB
GR
1
0.35
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
51
0.11
B
1.
14
0.11
B
0.
58
0.05
B
AB
GR
2
0.35
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
43
0.06
B
1.
16
0.11
B
0.
50
0.05
B
AB
GR
3
0.35
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
39
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
37
0.04
C
AB
GR
4
0.35
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
44
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
35
0.06
C
AB
LA
1 0.
31
2.02
0.
05
B
0.63
0.
02
A 0.
65
0.06
B
0.
41
0.04
B
AB
LA
2 0.
31
1.38
0.
04
B
0.43
0.
01
A 1.
03
0.13
C
0.
44
0.03
C
AB
LA
3 0.
31
1.21
0.
03
B
0.38
0.
01
A 0.
95
0.12
C
0.
36
0.03
C
AB
LA
4 0.
31
1.50
0.
05
B
0.47
0.
02
A 0.
85
0.08
B
0.
40
0.04
B
AB
MA
1 0.
36
1.47
0.
31
C
0.53
0.
11
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.44
0.
07
CA
BM
A 2
0.36
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
44
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
45
0.04
C
AB
MA
3 0.
36
1.11
0.
23
C
0.40
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.38
0.
05
CA
BM
A 4
0.36
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
45
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
36
0.06
C
AB
MA
2 1
0.36
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
53
0.11
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
44
0.07
C
AB
MA
2 2
0.36
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
44
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
45
0.04
C
AB
MA
2 3
0.36
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
40
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
38
0.05
C
AB
MA
2 4
0.36
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
45
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
36
0.06
C
AB
PR
1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
44
0.07
C
AB
PR
2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
AB
PR
3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
39
0.05
C
AB
PR
4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
55
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
AB
IE
1 0.
34
1.47
0.
31
C
0.50
0.
10
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.41
0.
07
CA
BIE
2
0.34
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
41
0.06
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
42
0.04
C
AB
IE
3 0.
34
1.11
0.
23
C
0.38
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.36
0.
04
CA
BIE
4
0.34
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
43
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
34
0.06
C
AC
SP
2 1
0.60
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
88
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
73
0.16
C
AC
SP
2 2
0.60
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
73
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
62
0.09
C
AC
SP
2 3
0.60
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
61
0.10
C
AC
SP
2 4
0.60
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
75
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
54
0.09
C
AC
BA
1 0.
54
1.47
0.
31
C
0.79
0.
16
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.65
0.
13
CA
CB
A 2
0.54
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
66
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
56
0.07
C
AC
BA
3 0.
54
1.11
0.
23
C
0.60
0.
12
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.55
0.
08
CA
CB
A 4
0.54
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
68
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
49
0.07
C
AC
GL
1 0.
44
1.47
0.
31
C
0.65
0.
13
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.54
0.
09
CA
CG
L 2
0.44
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
54
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
46
0.05
C
AC
GL
3 0.
44
1.11
0.
23
C
0.49
0.
10
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.45
0.
06
CA
CG
L 4
0.44
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
55
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
39
0.06
C
AC
GR
1
0.44
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
65
0.13
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
54
0.09
C
AC
GR
2
0.44
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
54
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
46
0.05
C
AC
GR
3
0.44
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
49
0.10
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
45
0.06
C
AC
GR
4
0.44
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
55
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
39
0.06
C
AC
MA
1 0.
44
0.96
0.
01
B
0.42
0.
01
A 0.
83
0.10
C
0.
35
0.03
C
AC
MA
2 0.
44
1.13
0.
01
B
0.50
0.
00
A 0.
85
0.15
C
0.
43
0.03
C
AC
MA
3 0.
44
1.05
0.
01
B
0.46
0.
01
A 0.
92
0.14
C
0.
42
0.04
C
AC
MA
4 0.
44
1.07
0.
01
B
0.47
0.
00
A 0.
71
0.12
C
0.
34
0.04
C
AC
NE
1
0.44
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
65
0.13
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
54
0.09
C
AC
NE
2
0.44
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
54
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
46
0.05
C
AC
NE
3
0.44
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
49
0.10
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
45
0.06
C
AC
NE
4
0.44
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
55
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
39
0.06
C
AC
NI
1 0.
52
1.47
0.
31
C
0.76
0.
16
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.63
0.
13
CA
CN
I 2
0.52
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
63
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
54
0.07
C
AC
NI
3 0.
52
1.11
0.
23
C
0.58
0.
12
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.53
0.
08
CA
CN
I 4
0.52
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
65
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
46
0.07
C
AC
PE
1
0.44
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
65
0.13
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
54
0.09
C
AC
PE
2
0.44
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
54
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
46
0.05
C
AC
PE
3
0.44
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
49
0.10
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
45
0.06
C
AC
PE
4
0.44
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
55
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
39
0.06
C
AC
RU
1
0.49
1.
19
0.03
B
0.
58
0.02
A
0.83
0.
10
C
0.48
0.
03
CA
CR
U
2 0.
49
1.13
0.
01
B
0.55
0.
01
A 0.
85
0.15
C
0.
47
0.03
C
AC
RU
3
0.49
1.
03
0.02
B
0.
51
0.01
A
0.92
0.
14
C
0.47
0.
04
CA
CR
U
4 0.
49
1.12
0.
01
B
0.55
0.
01
A 0.
71
0.12
C
0.
39
0.04
C
AC
SA
2 1
0.44
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
65
0.13
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
54
0.09
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
56
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
AC
SA
2 2
0.44
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
54
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
46
0.05
C
AC
SA
2 3
0.44
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
49
0.10
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
45
0.06
C
AC
SA
2 4
0.44
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
55
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
39
0.06
C
AC
SA
1 0.
56
1.47
0.
31
C
0.82
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.68
0.
14
CA
CS
A 2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
AC
SA
3 0.
56
1.11
0.
23
C
0.62
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.57
0.
09
CA
CS
A 4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
AC
ER
1
0.49
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
72
0.15
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
60
0.11
C
AC
ER
2
0.49
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
60
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
51
0.06
C
AC
ER
3
0.49
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
50
0.07
C
AC
ER
4
0.49
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
61
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
44
0.07
C
AC
SP
1 0.
44
1.47
0.
31
C
0.65
0.
13
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.54
0.
09
CA
CS
P 2
0.44
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
54
0.08
B
0.
87
0.05
B
0.
47
0.03
B
AC
SP
3 0.
44
1.11
0.
23
C
0.49
0.
10
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.45
0.
06
CA
CS
P 4
0.44
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
55
0.08
B
0.
81
0.07
B
0.
44
0.04
B
AE
CA
1 0.
38
1.47
0.
31
C
0.56
0.
12
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.46
0.
07
CA
EC
A 2
0.38
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
46
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
39
0.04
C
AE
CA
3 0.
38
1.11
0.
23
C
0.42
0.
09
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.39
0.
05
CA
EC
A 4
0.38
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
48
0.07
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
34
0.05
C
AE
SP
1 0.
33
1.47
0.
31
C
0.49
0.
10
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.41
0.
06
CA
ES
P 2
0.33
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
40
0.06
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
34
0.04
C
AE
SP
3 0.
33
1.11
0.
23
C
0.37
0.
08
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.34
0.
05
CA
ES
P 4
0.33
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
41
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
29
0.05
C
AIA
L 1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
45
0.07
C
AIA
L 2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
38
0.04
C
AIA
L 3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
38
0.05
C
AIA
L 4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
33
0.05
C
ALF
O
1 0.
47
1.47
0.
31
C
0.69
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.57
0.
10
CA
LFO
2
0.47
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
57
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
49
0.06
C
ALF
O
3 0.
47
1.11
0.
23
C
0.52
0.
11
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.48
0.
07
CA
LFO
4
0.47
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
59
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
42
0.06
C
ALR
U
1 0.
40
1.86
0.
03
B
0.74
0.
01
A 0.
83
0.10
C
0.
61
0.03
C
ALR
U
2 0.
40
1.27
0.
01
B
0.51
0.
00
A 0.
85
0.15
C
0.
43
0.03
C
ALR
U
3 0.
40
1.15
0.
01
B
0.46
0.
00
A 0.
92
0.14
C
0.
42
0.03
C
ALR
U
4 0.
40
1.39
0.
02
B
0.56
0.
01
A 0.
71
0.12
C
0.
40
0.04
C
ALS
P 1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
45
0.07
C
ALS
P 2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
38
0.04
C
ALS
P 3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
38
0.05
C
ALS
P 4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
33
0.05
C
ALT
E
1 0.
40
1.27
0.
03
B
0.51
0.
01
A 0.
83
0.10
C
0.
42
0.03
C
ALT
E
2 0.
40
0.97
0.
02
B
0.39
0.
01
A 0.
85
0.15
C
0.
33
0.03
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
57
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
ALT
E
3 0.
40
1.11
0.
23
C
0.44
0.
09
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.40
0.
05
CA
LTE
4
0.40
1.
07
0.03
B
0.
43
0.01
A
0.71
0.
12
C
0.31
0.
04
CA
MS
P 1
0.66
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
97
0.20
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
80
0.20
C
AM
SP
2 0.
66
1.22
0.
18
C
0.80
0.
12
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.68
0.
10
CA
MS
P 3
0.66
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
73
0.15
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
67
0.11
C
AM
SP
4 0.
66
1.25
0.
17
C
0.83
0.
11
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.59
0.
10
CA
RM
E
1 0.
58
1.47
0.
31
C
0.85
0.
18
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.70
0.
16
CA
RM
E
2 0.
58
1.22
0.
18
C
0.71
0.
11
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.61
0.
08
CA
RM
E
3 0.
58
1.11
0.
23
C
0.64
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.59
0.
09
CA
RM
E
4 0.
58
1.25
0.
17
C
0.73
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.52
0.
08
CA
STR
1
0.47
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
69
0.14
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
57
0.10
C
AS
TR
2 0.
47
1.22
0.
18
C
0.57
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.49
0.
06
CA
STR
3
0.47
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
52
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
48
0.07
C
AS
TR
4 0.
47
1.25
0.
17
C
0.59
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.42
0.
06
CB
EA
L 1
0.55
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
81
0.17
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
67
0.14
C
BE
AL
2 0.
55
1.22
0.
18
C
0.67
0.
10
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.57
0.
07
CB
EA
L 3
0.55
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
61
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
56
0.09
C
BE
AL
4 0.
55
1.25
0.
17
C
0.69
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.49
0.
08
CB
ELE
1
0.60
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
88
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
73
0.16
C
BE
LE
2 0.
60
1.22
0.
18
C
0.73
0.
11
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.62
0.
09
CB
ELE
3
0.60
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
61
0.10
C
BE
LE
4 0.
60
1.25
0.
17
C
0.75
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.54
0.
09
CB
EN
I 1
0.56
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
82
0.17
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
68
0.14
C
BE
NI
2 0.
56
1.22
0.
18
C
0.68
0.
10
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.58
0.
07
CB
EN
I 3
0.56
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
62
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
57
0.09
C
BE
NI
4 0.
56
1.25
0.
17
C
0.70
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.50
0.
08
CB
EO
C
1 0.
53
1.47
0.
31
C
0.78
0.
16
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.65
0.
13
CB
EO
C
2 0.
53
1.22
0.
18
C
0.65
0.
10
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.55
0.
07
CB
EO
C
3 0.
53
1.11
0.
23
C
0.59
0.
12
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.54
0.
08
CB
EO
C
4 0.
53
1.25
0.
17
C
0.66
0.
09
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.47
0.
07
CB
EPA
1
0.48
1.
43
0.04
B
0.
69
0.02
A
0.83
0.
10
C
0.57
0.
03
CB
EPA
2
0.48
1.
07
0.05
A
0.52
0.
01
A 0.
85
0.15
C
0.
44
0.03
C
BE
PA
3 0.
48
1.11
0.
23
C
0.53
0.
11
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.49
0.
07
CB
EPA
4
0.48
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
60
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
43
0.06
C
BE
PAC
1
0.48
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
71
0.15
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
59
0.11
C
BE
PAC
2
0.48
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
58
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
49
0.06
C
BE
PAC
3
0.48
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
53
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
49
0.07
C
BE
PAC
4
0.48
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
60
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
43
0.06
C
BE
PO
1
0.45
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
55
0.10
C
BE
PO
2
0.45
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
55
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
47
0.05
C
BE
PO
3
0.45
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
50
0.10
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
46
0.06
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
58
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
BE
PO
4
0.45
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
56
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
40
0.06
C
BE
SP
1 0.
48
1.47
0.
31
C
0.71
0.
15
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.59
0.
11
CB
ES
P 2
0.48
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
58
0.09
B
0.
68
0.04
B
0.
40
0.03
A
BE
SP
3 0.
48
1.11
0.
23
C
0.53
0.
11
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.49
0.
07
CB
ES
P 4
0.48
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
60
0.08
B
0.
63
0.08
B
0.
38
0.05
A
BE
PL
1 0.
45
1.47
0.
31
C
0.66
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.55
0.
10
CB
EP
L 2
0.45
0.
40
0.02
B
0.
18
0.01
A
0.85
0.
15
C
0.15
0.
03
CB
EP
L 3
0.45
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
50
0.10
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
46
0.06
C
BE
PL
4 0.
45
0.40
0.
02
B
0.18
0.
01
A 0.
71
0.12
C
0.
13
0.04
C
BU
LA
1 0.
47
1.47
0.
31
C
0.69
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.57
0.
10
CB
ULA
2
0.47
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
57
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
49
0.06
C
BU
LA
3 0.
47
1.11
0.
23
C
0.52
0.
11
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.48
0.
07
CB
ULA
4
0.47
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
59
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
42
0.06
C
CA
DE
3 1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
44
0.07
C
CA
DE
3 2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
CA
DE
3 3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
39
0.05
C
CA
DE
3 4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
CA
CA
1 0.
58
1.47
0.
31
C
0.85
0.
18
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.70
0.
16
CC
AC
A 2
0.58
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
71
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
61
0.08
C
CA
CA
3 0.
58
1.11
0.
23
C
0.64
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.59
0.
09
CC
AC
A 4
0.58
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
73
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
52
0.08
C
CA
AQ
1
0.61
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
90
0.19
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
75
0.17
C
CA
AQ
2
0.61
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
74
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
63
0.09
C
CA
AQ
3
0.61
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
68
0.14
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
62
0.10
C
CA
AQ
4
0.61
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
76
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
54
0.09
C
CA
CO
1
0.60
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
88
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
73
0.16
C
CA
CO
2
0.60
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
73
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
62
0.09
C
CA
CO
3
0.60
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
61
0.10
C
CA
CO
4
0.60
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
75
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
54
0.09
C
CA
GL
1 0.
66
1.47
0.
31
C
0.97
0.
20
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.80
0.
20
CC
AG
L 2
0.66
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
80
0.12
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
68
0.10
C
CA
GL
3 0.
66
1.11
0.
23
C
0.73
0.
15
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.67
0.
11
CC
AG
L 4
0.66
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
83
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
59
0.10
C
CA
IL
1 0.
60
1.47
0.
31
C
0.88
0.
18
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.73
0.
16
CC
AIL
2
0.60
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
73
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
62
0.09
C
CA
IL
3 0.
60
1.11
0.
23
C
0.66
0.
14
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.61
0.
10
CC
AIL
4
0.60
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
75
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
54
0.09
C
CA
LA
1 0.
62
1.47
0.
31
C
0.91
0.
19
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.75
0.
18
CC
ALA
2
0.62
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
76
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
65
0.09
C
CA
LA
3 0.
62
1.11
0.
23
C
0.69
0.
14
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.63
0.
10
CC
ALA
4
0.62
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
78
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
56
0.10
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
59
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
CA
MY
1 0.
56
1.47
0.
31
C
0.82
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.68
0.
14
CC
AM
Y 2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
CA
MY
3 0.
56
1.11
0.
23
C
0.62
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.57
0.
09
CC
AM
Y 4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
CA
OV
1
0.64
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
94
0.20
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
78
0.19
C
CA
OV
2
0.64
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
78
0.12
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
66
0.10
C
CA
OV
3
0.64
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
71
0.15
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
65
0.11
C
CA
OV
4
0.64
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
80
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
57
0.10
C
CA
SP
1 0.
62
1.47
0.
31
C
0.91
0.
19
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.75
0.
18
CC
AS
P 2
0.62
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
76
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
65
0.09
C
CA
SP
3 0.
62
1.11
0.
23
C
0.69
0.
14
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.63
0.
10
CC
AS
P 4
0.62
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
78
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
56
0.10
C
CAT
E
1 0.
54
1.47
0.
31
C
0.79
0.
16
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.65
0.
13
CC
ATE
2
0.54
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
66
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
56
0.07
C
CAT
E
3 0.
54
1.11
0.
23
C
0.60
0.
12
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.55
0.
08
CC
ATE
4
0.54
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
68
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
49
0.07
C
CAT
O
1 0.
64
1.24
0.
02
B
0.79
0.
01
A 0.
83
0.10
C
0.
65
0.03
C
CAT
O
2 0.
64
1.15
0.
01
B
0.73
0.
01
A 0.
85
0.15
C
0.
62
0.03
C
CAT
O
3 0.
64
1.12
0.
01
B
0.72
0.
01
A 0.
92
0.14
C
0.
66
0.04
C
CAT
O
4 0.
64
1.16
0.
01
B
0.74
0.
01
A 0.
71
0.12
C
0.
53
0.04
C
CA
DE
1
0.40
1.
34
0.02
B
0.
54
0.01
A
0.83
0.
10
C
0.45
0.
03
CC
AD
E
2 0.
40
1.30
0.
01
B
0.52
0.
01
A 0.
84
0.06
B
0.
44
0.03
A
CA
DE
3
0.40
0.
83
0.01
B
0.
33
0.00
A
0.92
0.
14
C
0.30
0.
03
CC
AD
E
4 0.
40
1.19
0.
02
B
0.48
0.
01
A 0.
71
0.12
C
0.
34
0.04
C
CA
OZ
1 0.
40
1.47
0.
31
C
0.59
0.
12
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.49
0.
08
CC
AO
Z 2
0.40
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
49
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
42
0.05
C
CA
OZ
3 0.
40
1.11
0.
23
C
0.44
0.
09
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.40
0.
05
CC
AO
Z 4
0.40
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
50
0.07
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
36
0.06
C
CA
PU
1
0.40
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
59
0.12
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
49
0.08
C
CA
PU
2
0.40
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
49
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
42
0.05
C
CA
PU
3
0.40
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
44
0.09
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
40
0.05
C
CA
PU
4
0.40
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
50
0.07
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
36
0.06
C
CA
STA
1
0.42
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
62
0.13
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
51
0.09
C
CA
STA
2
0.42
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
51
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
43
0.05
C
CA
STA
3
0.42
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
47
0.10
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
43
0.06
C
CA
STA
4
0.42
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
53
0.07
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
38
0.06
C
CAT
AL
1 0.
38
1.47
0.
31
C
0.56
0.
12
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.46
0.
07
CC
ATA
L 2
0.38
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
46
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
39
0.04
C
CAT
AL
3 0.
38
1.11
0.
23
C
0.42
0.
09
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.39
0.
05
CC
ATA
L 4
0.38
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
48
0.07
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
34
0.05
C
CE
LA
1 0.
47
1.47
0.
31
C
0.69
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.57
0.
10
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
60
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
CE
LA
2 0.
47
1.22
0.
18
C
0.57
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.49
0.
06
CC
ELA
3
0.47
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
52
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
48
0.07
C
CE
LA
4 0.
47
1.25
0.
17
C
0.59
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.42
0.
06
CC
EO
C
1 0.
49
1.47
0.
31
C
0.72
0.
15
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.60
0.
11
CC
EO
C
2 0.
49
1.22
0.
18
C
0.60
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.51
0.
06
CC
EO
C
3 0.
49
1.11
0.
23
C
0.54
0.
11
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.50
0.
07
CC
EO
C
4 0.
49
1.25
0.
17
C
0.61
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.44
0.
07
CC
ES
P 1
0.49
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
72
0.15
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
60
0.11
C
CE
SP
2 0.
49
1.22
0.
18
C
0.60
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.51
0.
06
CC
ES
P 3
0.49
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
50
0.07
C
CE
SP
4 0.
49
1.25
0.
17
C
0.61
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.44
0.
07
CC
EC
A 1
0.58
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
85
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
70
0.16
C
CE
CA
2 0.
58
1.22
0.
18
C
0.71
0.
11
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.61
0.
08
CC
EC
A 3
0.58
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
64
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
59
0.09
C
CE
CA
4 0.
58
1.25
0.
17
C
0.73
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.52
0.
08
CC
EIN
1
1.00
1.
47
0.31
C
1.
47
0.31
B
0.
83
0.10
C
1.
22
0.46
C
CE
IN
2 1.
00
1.22
0.
18
C
1.22
0.
18
B
0.85
0.
15
C
1.04
0.
22
CC
EIN
3
1.00
1.
11
0.23
C
1.
11
0.23
B
0.
92
0.14
C
1.
02
0.26
C
CE
IN
4 1.
00
1.25
0.
17
C
1.25
0.
17
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.89
0.
22
CC
ELE
1
1.00
1.
47
0.31
C
1.
47
0.31
B
0.
83
0.10
C
1.
22
0.46
C
CE
LE
2 1.
00
1.22
0.
18
C
1.22
0.
18
B
0.85
0.
15
C
1.04
0.
22
CC
ELE
3
1.00
1.
11
0.23
C
1.
11
0.23
B
0.
92
0.14
C
1.
02
0.26
C
CE
LE
4 1.
00
1.25
0.
17
C
1.25
0.
17
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.89
0.
22
CC
EM
O
1 1.
00
1.47
0.
31
C
1.47
0.
31
B
0.83
0.
10
C
1.22
0.
46
CC
EM
O
2 1.
00
1.22
0.
18
C
1.22
0.
18
B
0.85
0.
15
C
1.04
0.
22
CC
EM
O
3 1.
00
1.11
0.
23
C
1.11
0.
23
B
0.92
0.
14
C
1.02
0.
26
CC
EM
O
4 1.
00
1.25
0.
17
C
1.25
0.
17
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.89
0.
22
CC
HLA
1
0.39
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
57
0.12
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
47
0.08
C
CH
LA
2 0.
39
1.22
0.
18
C
0.48
0.
07
B
1.03
0.
13
C
0.49
0.
04
CC
HLA
3
0.39
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
43
0.09
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
41
0.05
C
CH
LA
4 0.
39
1.25
0.
17
C
0.49
0.
07
B
0.80
0.
12
C
0.39
0.
07
CC
HN
O
1 0.
42
1.47
0.
31
C
0.62
0.
13
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.51
0.
09
CC
HN
O
2 0.
42
1.22
0.
18
C
0.51
0.
08
B
1.03
0.
13
C
0.52
0.
05
CC
HN
O
3 0.
42
1.11
0.
23
C
0.47
0.
10
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.45
0.
06
CC
HN
O
4 0.
42
1.25
0.
17
C
0.53
0.
07
B
0.80
0.
12
C
0.42
0.
07
CC
HTH
1
0.31
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
46
0.09
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
38
0.06
C
CH
TH
2 0.
31
1.22
0.
18
C
0.38
0.
06
B
1.03
0.
13
C
0.39
0.
03
CC
HTH
3
0.31
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
34
0.07
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
32
0.04
C
CH
TH
4 0.
31
1.25
0.
17
C
0.39
0.
05
B
0.80
0.
12
C
0.31
0.
06
CC
LLU
1
0.52
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
76
0.16
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
63
0.13
C
CLL
U
2 0.
52
1.22
0.
18
C
0.63
0.
10
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.54
0.
07
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
61
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
CLL
U
3 0.
52
1.11
0.
23
C
0.58
0.
12
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.53
0.
08
CC
LLU
4
0.52
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
65
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
46
0.07
C
CO
FL
1 0.
64
1.47
0.
31
C
0.94
0.
20
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.78
0.
19
CC
OFL
2
0.64
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
78
0.12
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
66
0.10
C
CO
FL
3 0.
64
1.11
0.
23
C
0.71
0.
15
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.65
0.
11
CC
OFL
4
0.64
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
80
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
57
0.10
C
CO
NU
1
0.58
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
85
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
70
0.16
C
CO
NU
2
0.58
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
71
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
61
0.08
C
CO
NU
3
0.58
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
64
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
59
0.09
C
CO
NU
4
0.58
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
73
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
52
0.08
C
CO
SP
1 0.
64
1.47
0.
31
C
0.94
0.
20
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.78
0.
19
CC
OS
P 2
0.64
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
78
0.12
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
66
0.10
C
CO
SP
3 0.
64
1.11
0.
23
C
0.71
0.
15
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.65
0.
11
CC
OS
P 4
0.64
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
80
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
57
0.10
C
CO
OB
1
0.47
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
69
0.14
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
57
0.10
C
CO
OB
2
0.47
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
57
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
49
0.06
C
CO
OB
3
0.47
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
52
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
48
0.07
C
CO
OB
4
0.47
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
59
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
42
0.06
C
CR
SP
1 0.
62
1.47
0.
31
C
0.91
0.
19
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.75
0.
18
CC
RS
P 2
0.62
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
76
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
65
0.09
C
CR
SP
3 0.
62
1.11
0.
23
C
0.69
0.
14
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.63
0.
10
CC
RS
P 4
0.62
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
78
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
56
0.10
C
CU
SP
1 0.
44
1.47
0.
31
C
0.65
0.
13
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.54
0.
09
CC
US
P 2
0.44
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
54
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
46
0.05
C
CU
SP
3 0.
44
1.11
0.
23
C
0.49
0.
10
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.45
0.
06
CC
US
P 4
0.44
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
55
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
39
0.06
C
DIV
I 1
0.64
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
94
0.20
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
78
0.19
C
DIV
I 2
0.64
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
78
0.12
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
66
0.10
C
DIV
I 3
0.64
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
71
0.15
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
65
0.11
C
DIV
I 4
0.64
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
80
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
57
0.10
C
EU
SP
1 0.
67
1.47
0.
31
C
0.98
0.
20
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.81
0.
20
CE
US
P 2
0.67
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
82
0.12
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
70
0.10
C
EU
SP
3 0.
67
1.11
0.
23
C
0.74
0.
15
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.68
0.
12
CE
US
P 4
0.67
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
84
0.12
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
60
0.11
C
FAG
R
1 0.
56
1.26
0.
02
B
0.70
0.
01
A 0.
83
0.10
C
0.
58
0.03
C
FAG
R
2 0.
56
1.06
0.
02
B
0.60
0.
01
A 0.
77
0.04
B
0.
46
0.03
A
FAG
R
3 0.
56
1.04
0.
01
B
0.58
0.
00
A 0.
92
0.14
C
0.
53
0.03
C
FAG
R
4 0.
56
1.11
0.
02
B
0.62
0.
01
A 0.
66
0.04
B
0.
41
0.03
A
FRA
M
1 0.
55
1.47
0.
31
C
0.81
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.67
0.
14
CFR
AM
2
0.55
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
67
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
57
0.07
C
FRA
M
3 0.
55
1.11
0.
23
C
0.61
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.56
0.
09
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
62
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
FRA
M
4 0.
55
1.25
0.
17
C
0.69
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.49
0.
08
CFR
LA
1 0.
50
1.47
0.
31
C
0.74
0.
15
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.61
0.
12
CFR
LA
2 0.
50
1.22
0.
18
C
0.61
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.52
0.
06
CFR
LA
3 0.
50
1.11
0.
23
C
0.55
0.
11
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.50
0.
07
CFR
LA
4 0.
50
1.25
0.
17
C
0.63
0.
09
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.45
0.
07
CFR
NI
1 0.
45
1.47
0.
31
C
0.66
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.55
0.
10
CFR
NI
2 0.
45
1.22
0.
18
C
0.55
0.
08
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.47
0.
05
CFR
NI
3 0.
45
1.11
0.
23
C
0.50
0.
10
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.46
0.
06
CFR
NI
4 0.
45
1.25
0.
17
C
0.56
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.40
0.
06
CFR
PE
1
0.53
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
78
0.16
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
65
0.13
C
FRP
E
2 0.
53
1.22
0.
18
C
0.65
0.
10
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.55
0.
07
CFR
PE
3
0.53
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
59
0.12
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
54
0.08
C
FRP
E
4 0.
53
1.25
0.
17
C
0.66
0.
09
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.47
0.
07
CFR
PR
1
0.54
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
79
0.16
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
65
0.13
C
FRP
R
2 0.
54
1.22
0.
18
C
0.66
0.
10
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.56
0.
07
CFR
PR
3
0.54
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
60
0.12
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
55
0.08
C
FRP
R
4 0.
54
1.25
0.
17
C
0.68
0.
09
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.49
0.
07
CFR
QU
1
0.53
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
78
0.16
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
65
0.13
C
FRQ
U
2 0.
53
1.22
0.
18
C
0.65
0.
10
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.55
0.
07
CFR
QU
3
0.53
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
59
0.12
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
54
0.08
C
FRQ
U
4 0.
53
1.25
0.
17
C
0.66
0.
09
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.47
0.
07
CFR
SP
1 0.
54
1.47
0.
31
C
0.79
0.
16
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.65
0.
13
CFR
SP
2 0.
54
1.22
0.
18
C
0.66
0.
10
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.56
0.
07
CFR
SP
3 0.
54
1.11
0.
23
C
0.60
0.
12
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.55
0.
08
CFR
SP
4 0.
54
1.25
0.
17
C
0.68
0.
09
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.49
0.
07
CG
LAQ
1
0.60
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
88
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
73
0.16
C
GLA
Q
2 0.
60
1.22
0.
18
C
0.73
0.
11
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.62
0.
09
CG
LAQ
3
0.60
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
61
0.10
C
GLA
Q
4 0.
60
1.25
0.
17
C
0.75
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.54
0.
09
CG
LTR
1
0.60
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
88
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
73
0.16
C
GLT
R
2 0.
60
1.22
0.
18
C
0.73
0.
11
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.62
0.
09
CG
LTR
3
0.60
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
61
0.10
C
GLT
R
4 0.
60
1.25
0.
17
C
0.75
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.54
0.
09
CG
OLA
1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
45
0.07
C
GO
LA
2 0.
37
1.22
0.
18
C
0.45
0.
07
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.38
0.
04
CG
OLA
3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
38
0.05
C
GO
LA
4 0.
37
1.25
0.
17
C
0.46
0.
06
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.33
0.
05
CG
YD
I 1
0.50
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
74
0.15
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
61
0.12
C
GY
DI
2 0.
50
1.22
0.
18
C
0.61
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.52
0.
06
CG
YD
I 3
0.50
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
55
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
50
0.07
C
GY
DI
4 0.
50
1.25
0.
17
C
0.63
0.
09
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.45
0.
07
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
63
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
HA
SP
1 0.
32
1.47
0.
31
C
0.47
0.
10
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.39
0.
06
CH
AS
P 2
0.32
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
39
0.06
B
1.
09
0.06
B
0.
43
0.02
A
HA
SP
3 0.
32
1.11
0.
23
C
0.35
0.
07
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.32
0.
04
CH
AS
P 4
0.32
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
40
0.06
B
0.
89
0.08
B
0.
36
0.03
A
HA
RD
W
1 0.
51
1.28
0.
07
B
0.65
0.
03
A 0.
83
0.10
C
0.
54
0.04
C
HA
RD
W
2 0.
51
1.13
0.
03
B
0.58
0.
01
A 0.
63
0.02
B
0.
37
0.01
A
HA
RD
W
3 0.
51
1.11
0.
23
C
0.56
0.
12
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.51
0.
08
CH
AR
DW
4
0.51
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
64
0.09
B
0.
54
0.03
B
0.
35
0.02
A
ILO
P 1
0.50
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
74
0.15
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
61
0.12
C
ILO
P 2
0.50
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
61
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
52
0.06
C
ILO
P 3
0.50
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
55
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
50
0.07
C
ILO
P 4
0.50
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
63
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
45
0.07
C
JUC
I 1
0.36
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
53
0.11
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
44
0.07
C
JUC
I 2
0.36
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
44
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
38
0.04
C
JUC
I 3
0.36
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
40
0.08
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
37
0.05
C
JUC
I 4
0.36
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
45
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
32
0.05
C
JUS
P 1
0.51
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
75
0.16
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
62
0.12
C
JUS
P 2
0.51
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
62
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
53
0.06
C
JUS
P 3
0.51
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
56
0.12
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
53
0.07
C
JUS
P 4
0.51
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
64
0.09
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
51
0.08
C
JUN
I 1
0.51
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
75
0.16
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
62
0.12
C
JUN
I 2
0.51
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
62
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
53
0.06
C
JUN
I 3
0.51
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
56
0.12
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
51
0.08
C
JUN
I 4
0.51
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
64
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
46
0.07
C
JUM
O
1 0.
45
1.47
0.
31
C
0.66
0.
14
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.54
0.
10
CJU
MO
2
0.45
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
55
0.08
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
56
0.05
C
JUM
O
3 0.
45
1.11
0.
23
C
0.50
0.
10
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.48
0.
06
CJU
MO
4
0.45
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
56
0.08
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
45
0.07
C
JUO
C
1 0.
44
1.47
0.
31
C
0.65
0.
13
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.54
0.
10
CJU
OC
2
0.44
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
54
0.08
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
55
0.05
C
JUO
C
3 0.
44
1.11
0.
23
C
0.49
0.
10
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.47
0.
06
CJU
OC
4
0.44
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
55
0.08
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
44
0.07
C
JUS
P2
1 0.
44
1.47
0.
31
C
0.65
0.
13
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.54
0.
09
CJU
SP
2 2
0.44
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
54
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
46
0.05
C
JUS
P2
3 0.
44
1.11
0.
23
C
0.49
0.
10
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.47
0.
06
CJU
SP
2 4
0.44
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
55
0.08
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
44
0.07
C
JUV
I 1
0.37
1.
94
0.07
B
0.
72
0.03
A
0.82
0.
19
C
0.59
0.
05
CJU
VI
2 0.
37
1.38
0.
03
B
0.51
0.
01
A 1.
03
0.13
C
0.
52
0.03
C
JUV
I 3
0.37
1.
24
0.02
B
0.
46
0.01
A
0.95
0.
12
C
0.44
0.
03
CJU
VI
4 0.
37
1.48
0.
05
B
0.55
0.
02
A 0.
80
0.12
C
0.
44
0.06
C
LALA
1
0.49
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
72
0.15
B
0.
69
0.01
A
0.50
0.
05
B
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
64
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
LALA
2
0.49
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
60
0.09
B
0.
86
0.01
A
0.52
0.
05
BLA
LA
3 0.
49
1.11
0.
23
C
0.54
0.
11
B
1.01
0.
01
A 0.
55
0.05
B
LALA
4
0.49
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
61
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
44
0.07
C
LALY
1
0.48
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
71
0.15
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
59
0.11
C
LALY
2
0.48
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
58
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
49
0.06
C
LALY
3
0.48
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
53
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
49
0.07
C
LALY
4
0.48
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
60
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
43
0.06
C
LAO
C
1 0.
48
1.47
0.
31
C
0.71
0.
15
B
0.70
0.
06
A 0.
50
0.05
B
LAO
C
2 0.
48
1.22
0.
18
C
0.58
0.
09
B
0.93
0.
09
B
0.54
0.
05
BLA
OC
3
0.48
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
53
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
49
0.07
C
LAO
C
4 0.
48
1.25
0.
17
C
0.60
0.
08
B
0.92
0.
09
B
0.55
0.
05
BLA
SP
1 0.
44
1.47
0.
31
C
0.65
0.
13
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.54
0.
09
CLA
SP
2 0.
44
1.22
0.
18
C
0.54
0.
08
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.46
0.
05
CLA
SP
3 0.
44
1.11
0.
23
C
0.49
0.
10
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.45
0.
06
CLA
SP
4 0.
44
1.25
0.
17
C
0.55
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.39
0.
06
CLI
ST
1 0.
46
1.30
0.
02
B
0.60
0.
01
A 0.
83
0.10
C
0.
50
0.03
C
LIS
T 2
0.46
1.
16
0.03
B
0.
53
0.01
A
0.85
0.
15
C
0.45
0.
03
CLI
ST
3 0.
46
1.12
0.
02
B
0.52
0.
01
A 0.
92
0.14
C
0.
48
0.04
C
LIS
T 4
0.46
1.
18
0.02
B
0.
54
0.01
A
0.71
0.
12
C
0.39
0.
04
CLI
TU
1 0.
40
1.38
0.
05
B
0.55
0.
02
A 0.
83
0.10
C
0.
46
0.03
C
LITU
2
0.40
1.
11
0.02
B
0.
44
0.01
A
0.93
0.
03
B
0.41
0.
01
ALI
TU
3 0.
40
1.11
0.
02
B
0.44
0.
01
A 0.
92
0.14
C
0.
40
0.04
C
LITU
4
0.40
1.
18
0.02
B
0.
47
0.01
A
0.71
0.
05
B
0.33
0.
03
ALI
DE
1
0.58
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
85
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
70
0.16
C
LID
E
2 0.
58
1.22
0.
18
C
0.71
0.
11
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.61
0.
08
CLI
DE
3
0.58
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
64
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
59
0.09
C
LID
E
4 0.
58
1.25
0.
17
C
0.73
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.52
0.
08
CM
AP
O
1 0.
76
1.47
0.
31
C
1.12
0.
23
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.93
0.
26
CM
AP
O
2 0.
76
1.22
0.
18
C
0.93
0.
14
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.79
0.
13
CM
AP
O
3 0.
76
1.11
0.
23
C
0.84
0.
17
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.77
0.
15
CM
AP
O
4 0.
76
1.25
0.
17
C
0.95
0.
13
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.68
0.
13
CM
AS
P 1
0.45
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
55
0.10
C
MA
SP
2 0.
45
1.22
0.
18
C
0.55
0.
08
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.47
0.
05
CM
AS
P 3
0.45
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
50
0.10
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
46
0.06
C
MA
SP
4 0.
45
1.25
0.
17
C
0.56
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.40
0.
06
CM
AS
P2
1 0.
61
1.47
0.
31
C
0.90
0.
19
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.75
0.
17
CM
AS
P2
2 0.
61
1.22
0.
18
C
0.74
0.
11
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.63
0.
09
CM
AS
P2
3 0.
61
1.11
0.
23
C
0.68
0.
14
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.62
0.
10
CM
AS
P2
4 0.
61
1.25
0.
17
C
0.76
0.
11
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.54
0.
09
CM
EA
Z 1
0.47
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
69
0.14
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
57
0.10
C
ME
AZ
2 0.
47
1.22
0.
18
C
0.57
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.49
0.
06
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
65
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
ME
AZ
3 0.
47
1.11
0.
23
C
0.52
0.
11
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.48
0.
07
CM
EA
Z 4
0.47
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
59
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
42
0.06
C
MO
AL
1 0.
59
1.47
0.
31
C
0.87
0.
18
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.72
0.
16
CM
OA
L 2
0.59
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
72
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
61
0.09
C
MO
AL
3 0.
59
1.11
0.
23
C
0.65
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.60
0.
09
CM
OA
L 4
0.59
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
74
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
53
0.09
C
MO
RU
1
0.59
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
87
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
72
0.16
C
MO
RU
2
0.59
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
72
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
61
0.09
C
MO
RU
3
0.59
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
65
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
60
0.09
C
MO
RU
4
0.59
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
74
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
53
0.09
C
MO
SP
1 0.
59
1.47
0.
31
C
0.87
0.
18
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.72
0.
16
CM
OS
P 2
0.59
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
72
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
61
0.09
C
MO
SP
3 0.
59
1.11
0.
23
C
0.65
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.60
0.
09
CM
OS
P 4
0.59
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
74
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
53
0.09
C
NYA
Q
1 0.
46
1.47
0.
31
C
0.68
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.56
0.
10
CN
YAQ
2
0.46
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
56
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
48
0.05
C
NYA
Q
3 0.
46
1.11
0.
23
C
0.51
0.
10
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.47
0.
06
CN
YAQ
4
0.46
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
58
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
41
0.06
C
NY
OG
1
0.46
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
68
0.14
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
56
0.10
C
NY
OG
2
0.46
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
56
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
48
0.05
C
NY
OG
3
0.46
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
51
0.10
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
47
0.06
C
NY
OG
4
0.46
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
58
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
41
0.06
C
NY
SY
1 0.
46
1.47
0.
31
C
0.68
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.56
0.
10
CN
YS
Y 2
0.46
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
56
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
48
0.05
C
NY
SY
3 0.
46
1.11
0.
23
C
0.51
0.
10
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.47
0.
06
CN
YS
Y 4
0.46
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
58
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
41
0.06
C
OLT
E
1 1.
00
1.47
0.
31
C
1.47
0.
31
B
0.83
0.
10
C
1.22
0.
46
CO
LTE
2
1.00
1.
22
0.18
C
1.
22
0.18
B
0.
85
0.15
C
1.
04
0.22
C
OLT
E
3 1.
00
1.11
0.
23
C
1.11
0.
23
B
0.92
0.
14
C
1.02
0.
26
CO
LTE
4
1.00
1.
25
0.17
C
1.
25
0.17
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
89
0.22
C
OS
VI
1 0.
63
1.47
0.
31
C
0.93
0.
19
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.77
0.
18
CO
SV
I 2
0.63
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
77
0.12
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
66
0.10
C
OS
VI
3 0.
63
1.11
0.
23
C
0.70
0.
14
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.64
0.
10
CO
SV
I 4
0.63
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
79
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
56
0.10
C
OX
AR
1
0.50
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
74
0.15
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
61
0.12
C
OX
AR
2
0.50
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
61
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
52
0.06
C
OX
AR
3
0.50
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
55
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
50
0.07
C
OX
AR
4
0.50
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
63
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
45
0.07
C
PATO
1
0.38
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
56
0.12
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
46
0.07
C
PATO
2
0.38
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
46
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
39
0.04
C
PATO
3
0.38
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
42
0.09
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
39
0.05
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
66
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
PATO
4
0.38
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
48
0.07
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
34
0.05
C
PE
BO
1
0.51
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
75
0.16
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
62
0.12
C
PE
BO
2
0.51
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
62
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
53
0.06
C
PE
BO
3
0.51
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
56
0.12
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
51
0.08
C
PE
BO
4
0.51
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
64
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
46
0.07
C
PIA
B
1 0.
38
1.47
0.
31
C
0.56
0.
12
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.46
0.
08
CP
IAB
2
0.38
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
46
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
47
0.04
C
PIA
B
3 0.
38
1.11
0.
23
C
0.42
0.
09
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.40
0.
05
CP
IAB
4
0.38
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
48
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
38
0.07
C
PIB
R
1 0.
33
1.47
0.
31
C
0.49
0.
10
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.40
0.
07
CP
IBR
2
0.33
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
40
0.06
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
41
0.04
C
PIB
R
3 0.
33
1.11
0.
23
C
0.37
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.35
0.
04
CP
IBR
4
0.33
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
41
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
33
0.06
C
PIE
N
1 0.
33
2.09
0.
07
B
0.69
0.
02
A 0.
49
0.05
B
0.
34
0.03
B
PIE
N
2 0.
33
1.31
0.
02
B
0.43
0.
01
A 1.
03
0.13
C
0.
44
0.03
C
PIE
N
3 0.
33
1.38
0.
03
B
0.45
0.
01
A 0.
95
0.12
C
0.
43
0.03
C
PIE
N
4 0.
33
1.52
0.
05
B
0.50
0.
02
A 0.
68
0.06
B
0.
34
0.03
B
PIG
L 1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
92
0.02
A
0.50
0.
05
BP
IGL
2 0.
37
1.22
0.
18
C
0.45
0.
07
B
1.20
0.
01
A 0.
54
0.05
B
PIG
L 3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
1.
07
0.01
A
0.44
0.
04
BP
IGL
4 0.
37
1.25
0.
17
C
0.46
0.
06
B
0.80
0.
12
C
0.37
0.
06
CP
IMA
1 0.
38
1.47
0.
31
C
0.56
0.
12
B
0.92
0.
02
A 0.
51
0.05
B
PIM
A 2
0.38
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
46
0.07
B
1.
20
0.01
A
0.55
0.
05
BP
IMA
3 0.
38
1.11
0.
23
C
0.42
0.
09
B
1.17
0.
01
A 0.
49
0.05
B
PIM
A 4
0.38
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
48
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
38
0.07
C
PIP
U
1 0.
38
1.47
0.
31
C
0.56
0.
12
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.46
0.
08
CP
IPU
2
0.38
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
46
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
47
0.04
C
PIP
U
3 0.
38
1.11
0.
23
C
0.42
0.
09
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.40
0.
05
CP
IPU
4
0.38
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
48
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
38
0.07
C
PIR
U
1 0.
38
1.47
0.
31
C
0.56
0.
12
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.46
0.
08
CP
IRU
2
0.38
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
46
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
47
0.04
C
PIR
U
3 0.
38
1.11
0.
23
C
0.42
0.
09
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.40
0.
05
CP
IRU
4
0.38
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
48
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
38
0.07
C
PIS
I 1
0.37
1.
70
0.04
B
0.
63
0.01
A
0.82
0.
19
C
0.52
0.
04
CP
ISI
2 0.
37
1.59
0.
02
B
0.59
0.
01
A 1.
03
0.13
C
0.
61
0.03
C
PIS
I 3
0.37
1.
64
0.02
B
0.
61
0.01
A
0.95
0.
12
C
0.58
0.
03
CP
ISI
4 0.
37
1.63
0.
01
B
0.60
0.
01
A 0.
80
0.12
C
0.
48
0.06
C
PIC
EA
1 0.
38
1.47
0.
31
C
0.56
0.
12
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.46
0.
08
CP
ICE
A 2
0.38
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
46
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
47
0.04
C
PIC
EA
3 0.
38
1.11
0.
23
C
0.42
0.
09
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.40
0.
05
CP
ICE
A 4
0.38
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
48
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
38
0.07
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
67
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
PIS
P 4
0.39
1.
32
0.17
C
0.
52
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
41
0.07
C
PIA
L 1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
44
0.07
C
PIA
L 2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
PIA
L 3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
39
0.05
C
PIA
L 4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
PIA
R
1 0.
37
1.47
0.
31
C
0.54
0.
11
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.44
0.
07
CP
IAR
2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
PIA
R
3 0.
37
1.11
0.
23
C
0.41
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.39
0.
05
CP
IAR
4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
PIA
R2
1 0.
37
1.47
0.
31
C
0.54
0.
11
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.44
0.
07
CP
IAR
2 2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
PIA
R2
3 0.
37
1.11
0.
23
C
0.41
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.39
0.
05
CP
IAR
2 4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
PIA
T 1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
44
0.07
C
PIA
T 2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
PIA
T 3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
39
0.05
C
PIA
T 4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
PIB
A 1
0.37
1.
50
0.07
B
0.
55
0.03
A
0.82
0.
19
C
0.45
0.
05
CP
IBA
2 0.
37
1.29
0.
18
A 0.
48
0.03
A
1.03
0.
13
C
0.49
0.
03
CP
IBA
3 0.
37
1.11
0.
23
C
0.41
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.39
0.
05
CP
IBA
4 0.
37
1.25
0.
17
C
0.46
0.
06
B
0.80
0.
12
C
0.37
0.
06
CP
IBA
2 1
0.40
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
59
0.12
B
0.
78
0.02
A
0.46
0.
04
BP
IBA
2 2
0.40
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
49
0.07
B
0.
98
0.01
A
0.48
0.
04
BP
IBA
2 3
0.40
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
44
0.09
B
1.
00
0.01
A
0.44
0.
04
BP
IBA
2 4
0.40
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
50
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
40
0.07
C
PIC
L 1
0.46
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
68
0.14
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
56
0.10
C
PIC
L 2
0.46
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
56
0.08
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
57
0.05
C
PIC
L 3
0.46
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
51
0.10
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
49
0.06
C
PIC
L 4
0.46
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
58
0.08
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
46
0.07
C
PIC
O
1 0.
38
1.60
0.
02
B
0.61
0.
01
A 0.
82
0.04
A
0.50
0.
05
BP
ICO
2
0.38
1.
23
0.01
B
0.
47
0.01
A
1.07
0.
03
A 0.
51
0.05
B
PIC
O
3 0.
38
1.13
0.
01
B
0.43
0.
00
A 1.
02
0.10
B
0.
44
0.04
B
PIC
O
4 0.
38
1.30
0.
01
B
0.49
0.
01
A 0.
84
0.08
B
0.
41
0.04
B
PIC
O3
1 0.
37
1.47
0.
31
C
0.54
0.
11
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.44
0.
07
CP
ICO
3 2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
PIC
O3
3 0.
37
1.11
0.
23
C
0.41
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.39
0.
05
CP
ICO
3 4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
PID
I 1
0.50
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
74
0.15
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
61
0.12
C
PID
I 2
0.50
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
61
0.09
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
63
0.06
C
PID
I 3
0.50
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
55
0.11
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
52
0.07
C
PID
I 4
0.50
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
63
0.09
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
68
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
PIE
C
1 0.
47
1.36
0.
05
B
0.64
0.
02
A 0.
82
0.19
C
0.
53
0.05
C
PIE
C
2 0.
47
1.11
0.
03
B
0.52
0.
01
A 1.
03
0.13
C
0.
53
0.03
C
PIE
C
3 0.
47
0.92
0.
02
B
0.43
0.
01
A 0.
95
0.12
C
0.
41
0.03
C
PIE
C
4 0.
47
1.12
0.
03
B
0.53
0.
01
A 0.
80
0.12
C
0.
42
0.06
C
PIE
D
1 0.
50
1.47
0.
31
C
0.74
0.
15
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.61
0.
12
CP
IED
2
0.50
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
61
0.09
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
63
0.06
C
PIE
D
3 0.
50
1.11
0.
23
C
0.55
0.
11
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.52
0.
07
CP
IED
4
0.50
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
63
0.09
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
PIE
L 1
0.54
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
79
0.16
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
65
0.13
C
PIE
L 2
0.54
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
66
0.10
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
68
0.07
C
PIE
L 3
0.54
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
60
0.12
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
57
0.08
C
PIE
L 4
0.54
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
68
0.09
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
54
0.08
C
PIE
N2
1 0.
37
1.86
0.
06
B
0.69
0.
02
A 0.
82
0.19
C
0.
57
0.05
C
PIE
N2
2 0.
37
1.17
0.
02
B
0.43
0.
01
A 1.
03
0.13
C
0.
44
0.03
C
PIE
N2
3 0.
37
1.23
0.
02
B
0.45
0.
01
A 0.
95
0.12
C
0.
43
0.03
C
PIE
N2
4 0.
37
1.36
0.
05
B
0.50
0.
02
A 0.
80
0.12
C
0.
40
0.06
C
PIF
L 1
0.37
1.
37
0.02
B
0.
51
0.01
A
0.82
0.
19
C
0.42
0.
04
CP
IFL
2 0.
37
1.17
0.
02
B
0.43
0.
01
A 1.
03
0.13
C
0.
44
0.03
C
PIF
L 3
0.37
1.
15
0.01
B
0.
43
0.01
A
0.95
0.
12
C
0.41
0.
03
CP
IFL
4 0.
37
1.21
0.
02
B
0.45
0.
01
A 0.
80
0.12
C
0.
36
0.06
C
PIG
L2
1 0.
41
1.47
0.
31
C
0.60
0.
13
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.49
0.
09
CP
IGL2
2
0.41
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
50
0.08
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
51
0.05
C
PIG
L2
3 0.
41
1.11
0.
23
C
0.45
0.
09
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.43
0.
05
CP
IGL2
4
0.41
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
51
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
41
0.07
C
PIJ
E
1 0.
37
1.47
0.
31
C
0.54
0.
11
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.44
0.
07
CP
IJE
2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
PIJ
E
3 0.
37
1.11
0.
23
C
0.41
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.39
0.
05
CP
IJE
4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
PIL
A 1
0.34
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
50
0.10
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
41
0.07
C
PIL
A 2
0.34
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
41
0.06
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
42
0.04
C
PIL
A 3
0.34
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
38
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
36
0.04
C
PIL
A 4
0.34
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
43
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
34
0.06
C
PIL
E
1 0.
37
1.47
0.
31
C
0.54
0.
11
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.44
0.
07
CP
ILE
2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
PIL
E
3 0.
37
1.11
0.
23
C
0.41
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.39
0.
05
CP
ILE
4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
PIM
OP
1 0.
50
1.47
0.
31
C
0.74
0.
15
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.61
0.
12
CP
IMO
P 2
0.50
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
61
0.09
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
63
0.06
C
PIM
OP
3 0.
50
1.11
0.
23
C
0.55
0.
11
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.52
0.
07
CP
IMO
P 4
0.50
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
63
0.09
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
PIM
O
1 0.
35
1.47
0.
31
C
0.51
0.
11
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.42
0.
07
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
69
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
PIM
O
2 0.
35
1.22
0.
18
C
0.43
0.
06
B
1.03
0.
13
C
0.44
0.
04
CP
IMO
3
0.35
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
39
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
37
0.04
C
PIM
O
4 0.
35
1.25
0.
17
C
0.44
0.
06
B
0.80
0.
12
C
0.35
0.
06
CP
IMU
1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
44
0.07
C
PIM
U
2 0.
37
1.22
0.
18
C
0.45
0.
07
B
1.03
0.
13
C
0.46
0.
04
CP
IMU
3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
39
0.05
C
PIM
U
4 0.
37
1.25
0.
17
C
0.46
0.
06
B
0.80
0.
12
C
0.37
0.
06
CP
INI
1 0.
41
1.47
0.
31
C
0.60
0.
13
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.49
0.
09
CP
INI
2 0.
41
1.22
0.
18
C
0.50
0.
08
B
1.03
0.
13
C
0.51
0.
05
CP
INI
3 0.
41
1.11
0.
23
C
0.45
0.
09
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.43
0.
05
CP
INI
4 0.
41
1.25
0.
17
C
0.51
0.
07
B
0.80
0.
12
C
0.41
0.
07
CP
IPA
1 0.
54
1.47
0.
31
C
0.79
0.
16
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.65
0.
13
CP
IPA
2 0.
54
1.22
0.
18
C
0.66
0.
10
B
1.03
0.
13
C
0.68
0.
07
CP
IPA
3 0.
54
1.11
0.
23
C
0.60
0.
12
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.57
0.
08
CP
IPA
4 0.
54
1.25
0.
17
C
0.68
0.
09
B
0.80
0.
12
C
0.54
0.
08
CP
IPO
1
0.38
1.
44
0.02
B
0.
55
0.01
A
0.89
0.
11
A 0.
49
0.05
B
PIP
O
2 0.
38
1.26
0.
02
A 0.
48
0.01
A
0.95
0.
03
A 0.
46
0.03
A
PIP
O
3 0.
38
1.08
0.
03
A 0.
41
0.01
A
0.82
0.
01
A 0.
34
0.02
A
PIP
O
4 0.
38
1.28
0.
01
B
0.49
0.
00
A 1.
04
0.10
B
0.
51
0.05
B
PIP
U2
1 0.
49
1.47
0.
31
C
0.72
0.
15
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.59
0.
12
CP
IPU
2 2
0.49
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
60
0.09
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
62
0.06
C
PIP
U2
3 0.
49
1.11
0.
23
C
0.54
0.
11
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.51
0.
07
CP
IPU
2 4
0.49
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
61
0.08
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
49
0.08
C
PIR
A 1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
44
0.07
C
PIR
A 2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
PIR
A 3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
39
0.05
C
PIR
A 4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
PIR
E
1 0.
41
1.48
0.
04
B
0.61
0.
02
A 0.
82
0.19
C
0.
50
0.05
C
PIR
E
2 0.
41
1.23
0.
05
A 0.
50
0.01
A
0.82
0.
03
A 0.
41
0.02
A
PIR
E
3 0.
41
1.11
0.
23
C
0.45
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
02
A 0.
38
0.06
A
PIR
E
4 0.
41
1.25
0.
17
C
0.51
0.
07
B
0.73
0.
06
A 0.
37
0.02
A
PIR
I 1
0.47
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
69
0.14
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
57
0.11
C
PIR
I 2
0.47
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
57
0.09
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
59
0.06
C
PIR
I 3
0.47
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
52
0.11
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
50
0.07
C
PIR
I 4
0.47
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
59
0.08
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
47
0.08
C
PIS
A 1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
44
0.07
C
PIS
A 2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
46
0.04
C
PIS
A 3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
39
0.05
C
PIS
A 4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
37
0.06
C
PIS
E
1 0.
51
1.47
0.
31
C
0.75
0.
16
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.62
0.
13
CP
ISE
2
0.51
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
62
0.09
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
64
0.06
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
70
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
PIS
E
3 0.
51
1.11
0.
23
C
0.56
0.
12
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.53
0.
07
CP
ISE
4
0.51
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
64
0.09
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
51
0.08
C
PIS
T2
1 0.
35
1.47
0.
31
C
0.51
0.
11
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.42
0.
07
CP
IST2
2
0.35
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
43
0.06
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
44
0.04
C
PIS
T2
3 0.
35
1.11
0.
23
C
0.39
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.37
0.
04
CP
IST2
4
0.35
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
44
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
35
0.06
C
PIS
T 1
0.34
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
50
0.10
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
41
0.07
C
PIS
T 2
0.34
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
41
0.06
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
42
0.04
C
PIS
T 3
0.34
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
38
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
36
0.04
C
PIS
T 4
0.34
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
43
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
34
0.06
C
PIS
Y 1
0.41
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
60
0.13
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
49
0.09
C
PIS
Y 2
0.41
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
50
0.08
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
51
0.05
C
PIS
Y 3
0.41
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
45
0.09
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
43
0.05
C
PIS
Y 4
0.41
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
51
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
41
0.07
C
PIT
A 1
0.47
1.
07
0.03
B
0.
51
0.02
A
0.82
0.
19
C
0.42
0.
05
CP
ITA
2 0.
47
1.04
0.
03
B
0.49
0.
01
A 1.
03
0.13
C
0.
50
0.03
C
PIT
A 3
0.47
1.
00
0.01
B
0.
47
0.00
A
0.95
0.
12
C
0.45
0.
03
CP
ITA
4 0.
47
1.04
0.
02
B
0.49
0.
01
A 0.
80
0.12
C
0.
39
0.06
C
PIV
I 1
0.45
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
54
0.10
C
PIV
I 2
0.45
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
55
0.08
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
56
0.05
C
PIV
I 3
0.45
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
50
0.10
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
48
0.06
C
PIV
I 4
0.45
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
56
0.08
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
45
0.07
C
PLA
Q
1 0.
53
1.47
0.
31
C
0.78
0.
16
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.65
0.
13
CP
LAQ
2
0.53
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
65
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
55
0.07
C
PLA
Q
3 0.
53
1.11
0.
23
C
0.59
0.
12
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.54
0.
08
CP
LAQ
4
0.53
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
66
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
47
0.07
C
PLO
C
1 0.
46
1.47
0.
31
C
0.68
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.56
0.
10
CP
LOC
2
0.46
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
56
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
48
0.05
C
PLO
C
3 0.
46
1.11
0.
23
C
0.51
0.
10
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.47
0.
06
CP
LOC
4
0.46
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
58
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
41
0.06
C
PO
AL
1 0.
37
1.47
0.
31
C
0.54
0.
11
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.45
0.
07
CP
OA
L 2
0.37
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
45
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
38
0.04
C
PO
AL
3 0.
37
1.11
0.
23
C
0.41
0.
08
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.38
0.
05
CP
OA
L 4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
33
0.05
C
PO
AN
1
0.34
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
50
0.10
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
41
0.06
C
PO
AN
2
0.34
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
41
0.06
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
35
0.04
C
PO
AN
3
0.34
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
38
0.08
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
35
0.05
C
PO
AN
4
0.34
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
43
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
31
0.05
C
PO
BA
1 0.
31
1.47
0.
31
C
0.46
0.
09
B
0.98
0.
03
A 0.
45
0.04
B
PO
BA
2 0.
31
1.22
0.
18
C
0.38
0.
06
B
1.04
0.
01
A 0.
39
0.04
B
PO
BA
3 0.
31
1.11
0.
23
C
0.34
0.
07
B
1.04
0.
01
A 0.
36
0.03
B
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
71
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
PO
BA
4 0.
31
1.25
0.
17
C
0.39
0.
05
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.28
0.
05
CP
OD
E
1 0.
37
1.47
0.
31
C
0.54
0.
11
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.45
0.
07
CP
OD
E
2 0.
37
1.22
0.
18
C
0.45
0.
07
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.38
0.
04
CP
OD
E
3 0.
37
1.11
0.
23
C
0.41
0.
08
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.38
0.
05
CP
OD
E
4 0.
37
1.25
0.
17
C
0.46
0.
06
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.33
0.
05
CP
OFR
1
0.34
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
50
0.10
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
41
0.06
C
PO
FR
2 0.
34
1.22
0.
18
C
0.41
0.
06
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.35
0.
04
CP
OFR
3
0.34
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
38
0.08
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
35
0.05
C
PO
FR
4 0.
34
1.25
0.
17
C
0.43
0.
06
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.31
0.
05
CP
OG
R
1 0.
36
1.47
0.
31
C
0.53
0.
11
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.44
0.
07
CP
OG
R
2 0.
36
1.22
0.
18
C
0.44
0.
07
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.38
0.
04
CP
OG
R
3 0.
36
1.11
0.
23
C
0.40
0.
08
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.37
0.
05
CP
OG
R
4 0.
36
1.25
0.
17
C
0.45
0.
06
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.32
0.
05
CP
OH
E
1 0.
37
1.47
0.
31
C
0.54
0.
11
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.45
0.
07
CP
OH
E
2 0.
37
1.22
0.
18
C
0.45
0.
07
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.38
0.
04
CP
OH
E
3 0.
37
1.11
0.
23
C
0.41
0.
08
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.38
0.
05
CP
OH
E
4 0.
37
1.25
0.
17
C
0.46
0.
06
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.33
0.
05
CP
OS
A 1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
45
0.07
C
PO
SA
2 0.
37
1.22
0.
18
C
0.45
0.
07
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.38
0.
04
CP
OS
A 3
0.37
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
41
0.08
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
38
0.05
C
PO
SA
4 0.
37
1.25
0.
17
C
0.46
0.
06
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.33
0.
05
CP
OS
P 1
0.37
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
54
0.11
B
0.
89
0.08
B
0.
48
0.04
B
PO
SP
2 0.
37
1.22
0.
18
C
0.45
0.
07
B
0.92
0.
02
A 0.
41
0.04
B
PO
SP
3 0.
37
1.11
0.
23
C
0.41
0.
08
B
0.93
0.
09
B
0.38
0.
04
BP
OS
P 4
0.37
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
46
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
33
0.05
C
PO
TR
1 0.
35
1.60
0.
07
A 0.
56
0.02
A
0.88
0.
01
A 0.
49
0.05
B
PO
TR
2 0.
35
1.27
0.
05
A 0.
45
0.02
A
0.91
0.
01
A 0.
41
0.04
B
PO
TR
3 0.
35
1.08
0.
01
B
0.38
0.
00
A 1.
01
0.01
A
0.38
0.
04
BP
OTR
4
0.35
1.
22
0.01
B
0.
43
0.00
A
0.71
0.
12
C
0.31
0.
04
CP
RS
P 1
0.58
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
85
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
70
0.16
C
PR
SP
2 0.
58
1.22
0.
18
C
0.71
0.
11
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.61
0.
08
CP
RS
P 3
0.58
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
64
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
59
0.09
C
PR
SP
4 0.
58
1.25
0.
17
C
0.73
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.52
0.
08
CP
RA
M
1 0.
47
1.47
0.
31
C
0.69
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.57
0.
10
CP
RA
M
2 0.
47
1.22
0.
18
C
0.57
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.49
0.
06
CP
RA
M
3 0.
47
1.11
0.
23
C
0.52
0.
11
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.48
0.
07
CP
RA
M
4 0.
47
1.25
0.
17
C
0.59
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.42
0.
06
CP
RN
I 1
0.47
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
69
0.14
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
57
0.10
C
PR
NI
2 0.
47
1.22
0.
18
C
0.57
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.49
0.
06
CP
RN
I 3
0.47
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
52
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
48
0.07
C
PR
NI
4 0.
47
1.25
0.
17
C
0.59
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.42
0.
06
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
72
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
PR
PE
1
0.36
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
53
0.11
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
44
0.07
C
PR
PE
2
0.36
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
44
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
38
0.04
C
PR
PE
3
0.36
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
40
0.08
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
37
0.05
C
PR
PE
4
0.36
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
45
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
32
0.05
C
PR
SE
1
0.47
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
69
0.14
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
57
0.10
C
PR
SE
2
0.47
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
57
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
49
0.06
C
PR
SE
3
0.47
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
52
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
48
0.07
C
PR
SE
4
0.47
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
59
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
42
0.06
C
PR
SP
2 1
0.47
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
69
0.14
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
57
0.10
C
PR
SP
2 2
0.47
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
57
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
49
0.06
C
PR
SP
2 3
0.47
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
52
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
48
0.07
C
PR
SP
2 4
0.47
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
59
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
42
0.06
C
PR
VI
1 0.
36
1.47
0.
31
C
0.53
0.
11
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.44
0.
07
CP
RV
I 2
0.36
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
44
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
38
0.04
C
PR
VI
3 0.
36
1.11
0.
23
C
0.40
0.
08
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.37
0.
05
CP
RV
I 4
0.36
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
45
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
32
0.05
C
PS
ME
1
0.45
1.
41
0.02
B
0.
64
0.01
A
0.90
0.
02
A 0.
57
0.05
B
PS
ME
2
0.45
1.
20
0.03
A
0.54
0.
01
A 0.
99
0.03
A
0.54
0.
04
AP
SM
E
3 0.
45
1.05
0.
03
A 0.
47
0.01
A
0.80
0.
02
A 0.
38
0.02
A
PS
ME
4
0.45
1.
26
0.01
B
0.
57
0.00
A
0.75
0.
07
B
0.43
0.
04
BQ
UA
G
1 0.
70
1.47
0.
31
C
1.03
0.
21
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.85
0.
22
CQ
UA
G
2 0.
70
1.22
0.
18
C
0.85
0.
13
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.72
0.
11
CQ
UA
G
3 0.
70
1.11
0.
23
C
0.78
0.
16
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.72
0.
13
CQ
UA
G
4 0.
70
1.25
0.
17
C
0.88
0.
12
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.63
0.
11
CQ
UA
L 1
0.60
1.
25
0.02
B
0.
75
0.01
A
0.83
0.
10
C
0.62
0.
03
CQ
UA
L 2
0.60
1.
11
0.01
B
0.
66
0.01
A
0.85
0.
15
C
0.56
0.
03
CQ
UA
L 3
0.60
0.
96
0.01
B
0.
57
0.01
A
0.92
0.
14
C
0.52
0.
04
CQ
UA
L 4
0.60
1.
10
0.01
B
0.
66
0.01
A
0.71
0.
12
C
0.47
0.
04
CQ
UA
R
1 0.
70
1.47
0.
31
C
1.03
0.
21
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.85
0.
22
CQ
UA
R
2 0.
70
1.22
0.
18
C
0.85
0.
13
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.72
0.
11
CQ
UA
R
3 0.
70
1.11
0.
23
C
0.78
0.
16
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.72
0.
13
CQ
UA
R
4 0.
70
1.25
0.
17
C
0.88
0.
12
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.63
0.
11
CQ
UB
I 1
0.64
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
94
0.20
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
78
0.19
C
QU
BI
2 0.
64
1.22
0.
18
C
0.78
0.
12
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.66
0.
10
CQ
UB
I 3
0.64
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
71
0.15
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
65
0.11
C
QU
BI
4 0.
64
1.25
0.
17
C
0.80
0.
11
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.57
0.
10
CQ
UC
H
1 0.
70
1.47
0.
31
C
1.03
0.
21
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.85
0.
22
CQ
UC
H
2 0.
70
1.22
0.
18
C
0.85
0.
13
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.72
0.
11
CQ
UC
H
3 0.
70
1.11
0.
23
C
0.78
0.
16
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.72
0.
13
CQ
UC
H
4 0.
70
1.25
0.
17
C
0.88
0.
12
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.63
0.
11
CQ
UC
O
1 0.
60
1.47
0.
31
C
0.88
0.
18
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.73
0.
16
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
73
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
QU
CO
2
0.60
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
73
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
62
0.09
C
QU
CO
3
0.60
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
61
0.10
C
QU
CO
4
0.60
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
75
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
54
0.09
C
QU
DO
1
0.51
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
75
0.16
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
62
0.12
C
QU
DO
2
0.51
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
62
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
53
0.06
C
QU
DO
3
0.51
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
56
0.12
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
51
0.08
C
QU
DO
4
0.51
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
64
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
46
0.07
C
QU
DU
1
0.60
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
88
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
73
0.16
C
QU
DU
2
0.60
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
73
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
62
0.09
C
QU
DU
3
0.60
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
61
0.10
C
QU
DU
4
0.60
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
75
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
54
0.09
C
QU
EL
1 0.
56
1.47
0.
31
C
0.82
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.68
0.
14
CQ
UE
L 2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
QU
EL
3 0.
56
1.11
0.
23
C
0.62
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.57
0.
09
CQ
UE
L 4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
QU
EM
1
0.70
1.
47
0.31
C
1.
03
0.21
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
85
0.22
C
QU
EM
2
0.70
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
85
0.13
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
72
0.11
C
QU
EM
3
0.70
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
78
0.16
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
72
0.13
C
QU
EM
4
0.70
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
88
0.12
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
63
0.11
C
QU
EN
1
0.70
1.
47
0.31
C
1.
03
0.21
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
85
0.22
C
QU
EN
2
0.70
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
85
0.13
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
72
0.11
C
QU
EN
3
0.70
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
78
0.16
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
72
0.13
C
QU
EN
4
0.70
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
88
0.12
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
63
0.11
C
QU
FA
1 0.
52
1.47
0.
31
C
0.76
0.
16
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.63
0.
13
CQ
UFA
2
0.52
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
63
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
54
0.07
C
QU
FA
3 0.
52
1.11
0.
23
C
0.58
0.
12
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.53
0.
08
CQ
UFA
4
0.52
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
65
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
46
0.07
C
QU
FA2
1 0.
61
1.47
0.
31
C
0.90
0.
19
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.75
0.
17
CQ
UFA
2 2
0.61
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
74
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
63
0.09
C
QU
FA2
3 0.
61
1.11
0.
23
C
0.68
0.
14
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.62
0.
10
CQ
UFA
2 4
0.61
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
76
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
54
0.09
C
QU
GA
2 1
0.64
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
94
0.20
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
78
0.19
C
QU
GA
2 2
0.64
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
78
0.12
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
66
0.10
C
QU
GA
2 3
0.64
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
71
0.15
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
65
0.11
C
QU
GA
2 4
0.64
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
80
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
57
0.10
C
QU
GA
1 0.
64
1.31
0.
04
B
0.84
0.
03
A 0.
83
0.10
C
0.
70
0.04
C
QU
GA
2 0.
64
1.07
0.
02
B
0.69
0.
01
A 0.
85
0.15
C
0.
59
0.03
C
QU
GA
3 0.
64
0.93
0.
02
B
0.59
0.
01
A 0.
92
0.14
C
0.
54
0.04
C
QU
GA
4 0.
64
1.09
0.
02
B
0.70
0.
01
A 0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.04
C
QU
HY
1 0.
70
1.47
0.
31
C
1.03
0.
21
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.85
0.
22
CQ
UH
Y 2
0.70
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
85
0.13
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
72
0.11
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
74
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
QU
HY
3 0.
70
1.11
0.
23
C
0.78
0.
16
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.72
0.
13
CQ
UH
Y 4
0.70
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
88
0.12
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
63
0.11
C
QU
IL
1 0.
56
1.47
0.
31
C
0.82
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.68
0.
14
CQ
UIL
2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
QU
IL
3 0.
56
1.11
0.
23
C
0.62
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.57
0.
09
CQ
UIL
4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
QU
IM
1 0.
56
1.47
0.
31
C
0.82
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.68
0.
14
CQ
UIM
2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
QU
IM
3 0.
56
1.11
0.
23
C
0.62
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.57
0.
09
CQ
UIM
4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
QU
IN
1 0.
56
1.47
0.
31
C
0.82
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.68
0.
14
CQ
UIN
2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
QU
IN
3 0.
56
1.11
0.
23
C
0.62
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.57
0.
09
CQ
UIN
4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
QU
KE
1
0.51
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
75
0.16
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
62
0.12
C
QU
KE
2
0.51
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
62
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
53
0.06
C
QU
KE
3
0.51
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
56
0.12
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
51
0.08
C
QU
KE
4
0.51
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
64
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
46
0.07
C
QU
LA
1 0.
52
1.47
0.
31
C
0.76
0.
16
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.63
0.
13
CQ
ULA
2
0.52
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
63
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
54
0.07
C
QU
LA
3 0.
52
1.11
0.
23
C
0.58
0.
12
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.53
0.
08
CQ
ULA
4
0.52
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
65
0.09
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
46
0.07
C
QU
LA2
1 0.
56
1.47
0.
31
C
0.82
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.68
0.
14
CQ
ULA
2 2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
QU
LA2
3 0.
56
1.11
0.
23
C
0.62
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.57
0.
09
CQ
ULA
2 4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
QU
LO
1 0.
64
1.47
0.
31
C
0.94
0.
20
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.78
0.
19
CQ
ULO
2
0.64
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
78
0.12
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
66
0.10
C
QU
LO
3 0.
64
1.11
0.
23
C
0.71
0.
15
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.65
0.
11
CQ
ULO
4
0.64
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
80
0.11
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
57
0.10
C
QU
LY
1 0.
57
1.47
0.
31
C
0.84
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.70
0.
15
CQ
ULY
2
0.57
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
69
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
59
0.08
C
QU
LY
3 0.
57
1.11
0.
23
C
0.63
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.58
0.
09
CQ
ULY
4
0.57
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
71
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
51
0.08
C
QU
MA
1 0.
58
1.47
0.
31
C
0.85
0.
18
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.70
0.
16
CQ
UM
A 2
0.58
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
71
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
61
0.08
C
QU
MA
3 0.
58
1.11
0.
23
C
0.64
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.59
0.
09
CQ
UM
A 4
0.58
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
73
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
52
0.08
C
QU
MA
2 1
0.56
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
82
0.17
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
68
0.14
C
QU
MA
2 2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
QU
MA
2 3
0.56
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
62
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
57
0.09
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
75
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
QU
MA
2 4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
QU
MI
1 0.
60
1.47
0.
31
C
0.88
0.
18
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.73
0.
16
CQ
UM
I 2
0.60
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
73
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
62
0.09
C
QU
MI
3 0.
60
1.11
0.
23
C
0.66
0.
14
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.61
0.
10
CQ
UM
I 4
0.60
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
75
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
54
0.09
C
QU
MU
1
0.60
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
88
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
73
0.16
C
QU
MU
2
0.60
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
73
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
62
0.09
C
QU
MU
3
0.60
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
61
0.10
C
QU
MU
4
0.60
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
75
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
54
0.09
C
QU
NI
1 0.
56
1.47
0.
31
C
0.82
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.68
0.
14
CQ
UN
I 2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
QU
NI
3 0.
56
1.11
0.
23
C
0.62
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.57
0.
09
CQ
UN
I 4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
QU
NU
1
0.56
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
82
0.17
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
68
0.14
C
QU
NU
2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
QU
NU
3
0.56
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
62
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
57
0.09
C
QU
NU
4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
QU
OB
1
0.70
1.
47
0.31
C
1.
03
0.21
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
85
0.22
C
QU
OB
2
0.70
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
85
0.13
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
72
0.11
C
QU
OB
3
0.70
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
78
0.16
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
72
0.13
C
QU
OB
4
0.70
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
88
0.12
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
63
0.11
C
QU
PA
1 0.
58
1.47
0.
31
C
0.85
0.
18
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.70
0.
16
CQ
UPA
2
0.58
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
71
0.11
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
61
0.08
C
QU
PA
3 0.
58
1.11
0.
23
C
0.64
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.59
0.
09
CQ
UPA
4
0.58
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
73
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
52
0.08
C
QU
PH
1
0.56
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
82
0.17
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
68
0.14
C
QU
PH
2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
QU
PH
3
0.56
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
62
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
57
0.09
C
QU
PH
4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
QU
PR
1
0.57
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
84
0.17
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
70
0.15
C
QU
PR
2
0.57
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
69
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
59
0.08
C
QU
PR
3
0.57
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
63
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
58
0.09
C
QU
PR
4
0.57
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
71
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
51
0.08
C
QU
RU
1
0.56
1.
29
0.03
B
0.
72
0.01
A
0.83
0.
10
C
0.60
0.
03
CQ
UR
U
2 0.
56
1.14
0.
03
B
0.64
0.
02
A 0.
85
0.15
C
0.
55
0.03
C
QU
RU
3
0.56
1.
10
0.02
B
0.
61
0.01
A
0.92
0.
14
C
0.56
0.
04
CQ
UR
U
4 0.
56
1.16
0.
02
B
0.65
0.
01
A 0.
71
0.12
C
0.
46
0.04
C
QU
SH
1
0.56
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
82
0.17
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
68
0.14
C
QU
SH
2
0.56
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
68
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
58
0.07
C
QU
SH
3
0.56
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
62
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
57
0.09
C
QU
SH
4
0.56
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
70
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
50
0.08
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
76
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
QU
SP
1 0.
58
1.47
0.
31
C
0.85
0.
18
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.70
0.
16
CQ
US
P 2
0.58
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
71
0.11
B
0.
61
0.04
A
0.43
0.
02
AQ
US
P 3
0.58
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
64
0.13
B
0.
59
0.07
A
0.38
0.
04
AQ
US
P 4
0.58
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
73
0.10
B
0.
56
0.04
A
0.41
0.
02
AQ
US
T 1
0.60
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
88
0.18
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
73
0.16
C
QU
ST
2 0.
60
1.22
0.
18
C
0.73
0.
11
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.62
0.
09
CQ
US
T 3
0.60
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
66
0.14
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
61
0.10
C
QU
ST
4 0.
60
1.25
0.
17
C
0.75
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.54
0.
09
CQ
UV
E
1 0.
56
1.47
0.
31
C
0.82
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.68
0.
14
CQ
UV
E
2 0.
56
1.22
0.
18
C
0.68
0.
10
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.58
0.
07
CQ
UV
E
3 0.
56
1.11
0.
23
C
0.62
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.57
0.
09
CQ
UV
E
4 0.
56
1.25
0.
17
C
0.70
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.50
0.
08
CQ
UV
I 1
0.80
1.
47
0.31
C
1.
18
0.24
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
98
0.28
C
QU
VI
2 0.
80
1.22
0.
18
C
0.97
0.
15
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.83
0.
15
CQ
UV
I 3
0.80
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
89
0.18
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
82
0.16
C
QU
VI
4 0.
80
1.25
0.
17
C
1.00
0.
14
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.71
0.
15
CQ
UW
I 1
0.70
1.
47
0.31
C
1.
03
0.21
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
85
0.22
C
QU
WI
2 0.
70
1.22
0.
18
C
0.85
0.
13
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.72
0.
11
CQ
UW
I 3
0.70
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
78
0.16
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
72
0.13
C
QU
WI
4 0.
70
1.25
0.
17
C
0.88
0.
12
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.63
0.
11
CR
ON
E
1 0.
66
1.47
0.
31
C
0.97
0.
20
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.80
0.
20
CR
ON
E
2 0.
66
1.22
0.
18
C
0.80
0.
12
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.68
0.
10
CR
ON
E
3 0.
66
1.11
0.
23
C
0.73
0.
15
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.67
0.
11
CR
ON
E
4 0.
66
1.25
0.
17
C
0.83
0.
11
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.59
0.
10
CR
OP
S
1 0.
66
1.47
0.
31
C
0.97
0.
20
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.80
0.
20
CR
OP
S
2 0.
66
1.22
0.
18
C
0.80
0.
12
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.68
0.
10
CR
OP
S
3 0.
66
1.11
0.
23
C
0.73
0.
15
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.67
0.
11
CR
OP
S
4 0.
66
1.25
0.
17
C
0.83
0.
11
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.59
0.
10
CS
AS
P2
1 0.
36
1.47
0.
31
C
0.53
0.
11
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.44
0.
07
CS
AS
P2
2 0.
36
1.22
0.
18
C
0.44
0.
07
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.38
0.
04
CS
AS
P2
3 0.
36
1.11
0.
23
C
0.40
0.
08
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.37
0.
05
CS
AS
P2
4 0.
36
1.25
0.
17
C
0.45
0.
06
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.32
0.
05
CS
AS
E
1 0.
47
1.47
0.
31
C
0.69
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.57
0.
10
CS
AS
E
2 0.
47
1.22
0.
18
C
0.57
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.49
0.
06
CS
AS
E
3 0.
47
1.11
0.
23
C
0.52
0.
11
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.48
0.
07
CS
AS
E
4 0.
47
1.25
0.
17
C
0.59
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.42
0.
06
CS
AA
L 1
0.42
1.
24
0.06
B
0.
52
0.03
A
0.83
0.
10
C
0.43
0.
03
CS
AA
L 2
0.42
1.
19
0.03
B
0.
50
0.01
A
0.85
0.
15
C
0.43
0.
03
CS
AA
L 3
0.42
0.
91
0.02
B
0.
38
0.01
A
0.92
0.
14
C
0.35
0.
04
CS
AA
L 4
0.42
1.
11
0.03
B
0.
47
0.01
A
0.71
0.
12
C
0.34
0.
04
CS
ES
E
1 0.
34
1.47
0.
31
C
0.50
0.
10
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.41
0.
07
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
77
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
SE
SE
2
0.34
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
41
0.06
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
42
0.04
C
SE
SE
3
0.34
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
38
0.08
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
36
0.04
C
SE
SE
4
0.34
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
43
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
34
0.06
C
SE
GI
1 0.
34
1.47
0.
31
C
0.50
0.
10
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.41
0.
07
CS
EG
I 2
0.34
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
41
0.06
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
42
0.04
C
SE
GI
3 0.
34
1.11
0.
23
C
0.38
0.
08
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.36
0.
04
CS
EG
I 4
0.34
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
43
0.06
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
34
0.06
C
SO
FTW
1
0.38
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
56
0.12
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
46
0.08
C
SO
FTW
2
0.38
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
46
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
47
0.04
C
SO
FTW
3
0.38
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
42
0.09
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
40
0.05
C
SO
FTW
4
0.38
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
48
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
38
0.07
C
SO
AM
1
0.42
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
62
0.13
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
51
0.09
C
SO
AM
2
0.42
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
51
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
43
0.05
C
SO
AM
3
0.42
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
47
0.10
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
43
0.06
C
SO
AM
4
0.42
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
53
0.07
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
38
0.06
C
TAS
P 1
0.40
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
59
0.12
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
49
0.08
C
TAS
P 2
0.40
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
49
0.07
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
42
0.05
C
TAS
P 3
0.40
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
44
0.09
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
40
0.05
C
TAS
P 4
0.40
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
50
0.07
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
36
0.06
C
TAD
I 1
0.42
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
62
0.13
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
51
0.09
C
TAD
I 2
0.42
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
51
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
43
0.05
C
TAD
I 3
0.42
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
47
0.10
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
43
0.06
C
TAD
I 4
0.42
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
53
0.07
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
38
0.06
C
TAB
R
1 0.
60
1.47
0.
31
C
0.88
0.
18
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.73
0.
16
CTA
BR
2
0.60
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
73
0.11
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
75
0.08
C
TAB
R
3 0.
60
1.11
0.
23
C
0.66
0.
14
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.63
0.
10
CTA
BR
4
0.60
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
75
0.10
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
60
0.10
C
THO
C
1 0.
29
1.47
0.
31
C
0.43
0.
09
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.35
0.
06
CTH
OC
2
0.29
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
35
0.05
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
36
0.03
C
THO
C
3 0.
29
1.11
0.
23
C
0.32
0.
07
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.31
0.
04
CTH
OC
4
0.29
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
36
0.05
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
29
0.06
C
THP
L 1
0.31
1.
67
0.02
B
0.
52
0.01
A
0.92
0.
09
B
0.48
0.
05
BTH
PL
2 0.
31
1.60
0.
01
B
0.50
0.
00
A 1.
03
0.13
C
0.
51
0.03
C
THP
L 3
0.31
1.
19
0.02
B
0.
37
0.01
A
0.95
0.
12
C
0.35
0.
03
CTH
PL
4 0.
31
1.49
0.
01
B
0.46
0.
00
A 0.
72
0.07
B
0.
33
0.03
B
TIA
M
1 0.
32
1.47
0.
31
C
0.47
0.
10
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.39
0.
06
CTI
AM
2
0.32
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
39
0.06
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
33
0.04
C
TIA
M
3 0.
32
1.11
0.
23
C
0.35
0.
07
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.32
0.
04
CTI
AM
4
0.32
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
40
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
29
0.05
C
TIH
E
1 0.
32
1.47
0.
31
C
0.47
0.
10
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.39
0.
06
CTI
HE
2
0.32
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
39
0.06
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
33
0.04
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
78
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
TIH
E
3 0.
32
1.11
0.
23
C
0.35
0.
07
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.32
0.
04
CTI
HE
4
0.32
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
40
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
29
0.05
C
TIS
P 1
0.32
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
47
0.10
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
39
0.06
C
TIS
P 2
0.32
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
39
0.06
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
33
0.04
C
TIS
P 3
0.32
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
35
0.07
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
32
0.04
C
TIS
P 4
0.32
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
40
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
29
0.05
C
TOC
A 1
0.34
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
50
0.10
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
41
0.06
C
TOC
A 2
0.34
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
41
0.06
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
35
0.04
C
TOC
A 3
0.34
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
38
0.08
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
35
0.05
C
TOC
A 4
0.34
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
43
0.06
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
31
0.05
C
TSH
E
1 0.
42
1.46
0.
01
B
0.61
0.
01
A 0.
82
0.19
C
0.
50
0.04
C
TSH
E
2 0.
42
1.38
0.
03
A 0.
58
0.01
A
0.95
0.
01
A 0.
55
0.01
A
TSH
E
3 0.
42
1.13
0.
02
A 0.
48
0.01
A
0.80
0.
04
A 0.
39
0.01
A
TSH
E
4 0.
42
1.37
0.
01
B
0.58
0.
00
A 0.
80
0.12
C
0.
46
0.06
C
TSM
E
1 0.
42
1.47
0.
31
C
0.62
0.
13
B
0.82
0.
19
C
0.51
0.
09
CTS
ME
2
0.42
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
51
0.08
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
52
0.05
C
TSM
E
3 0.
42
1.11
0.
23
C
0.47
0.
10
B
0.95
0.
12
C
0.45
0.
06
CTS
ME
4
0.42
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
53
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
42
0.07
C
TSS
P 1
0.38
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
56
0.12
B
0.
82
0.19
C
0.
46
0.08
C
TSS
P 2
0.38
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
46
0.07
B
1.
03
0.13
C
0.
47
0.04
C
TSS
P 3
0.38
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
42
0.09
B
0.
95
0.12
C
0.
40
0.05
C
TSS
P 4
0.38
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
48
0.07
B
0.
80
0.12
C
0.
38
0.07
C
ULA
L 1
0.57
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
84
0.17
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
70
0.15
C
ULA
L 2
0.57
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
69
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
59
0.08
C
ULA
L 3
0.57
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
63
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
58
0.09
C
ULA
L 4
0.57
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
71
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
51
0.08
C
ULA
M
1 0.
46
1.47
0.
31
C
0.68
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.56
0.
10
CU
LAM
2
0.46
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
56
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
48
0.05
C
ULA
M
3 0.
46
1.11
0.
23
C
0.51
0.
10
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.47
0.
06
CU
LAM
4
0.46
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
58
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
41
0.06
C
ULC
R
1 0.
57
1.47
0.
31
C
0.84
0.
17
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.70
0.
15
CU
LCR
2
0.57
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
69
0.10
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
59
0.08
C
ULC
R
3 0.
57
1.11
0.
23
C
0.63
0.
13
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.58
0.
09
CU
LCR
4
0.57
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
71
0.10
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
51
0.08
C
ULP
U
1 0.
46
1.47
0.
31
C
0.68
0.
14
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.56
0.
10
CU
LPU
2
0.46
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
56
0.08
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
48
0.05
C
ULP
U
3 0.
46
1.11
0.
23
C
0.51
0.
10
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.47
0.
06
CU
LPU
4
0.46
1.
25
0.17
C
0.
58
0.08
B
0.
71
0.12
C
0.
41
0.06
C
ULR
U
1 0.
48
1.47
0.
31
C
0.71
0.
15
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.59
0.
11
CU
LRU
2
0.48
1.
22
0.18
C
0.
58
0.09
B
0.
85
0.15
C
0.
49
0.06
C
ULR
U
3 0.
48
1.11
0.
23
C
0.53
0.
11
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.49
0.
07
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
79
Spec
ies
Size
B
ole
init
Bra
nch-
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t_
FWD
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t R
elat
ive
Unc
ert
Unc
ert
Dec
ayed
U
ncer
t U
ncer
t
bole
B
-B
bb ra
tio
initi
al
FWD
FW
D
R
el
Rel
Den
Dec
ayed
D
ecay
edco
de
clas
s de
nsity
ra
tio
ratio
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
de
nsity
de
nsity
co
de
dens
ity
dens
ity
code
ULR
U
4 0.
48
1.25
0.
17
C
0.60
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.43
0.
06
CU
LSE
1
0.57
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
84
0.17
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
70
0.15
C
ULS
E
2 0.
57
1.22
0.
18
C
0.69
0.
10
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.59
0.
08
CU
LSE
3
0.57
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
63
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
58
0.09
C
ULS
E
4 0.
57
1.25
0.
17
C
0.71
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.51
0.
08
CU
LSP
1 0.
50
1.47
0.
31
C
0.74
0.
15
B
0.83
0.
10
C
0.61
0.
12
CU
LSP
2 0.
50
1.22
0.
18
C
0.61
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.52
0.
06
CU
LSP
3 0.
50
1.11
0.
23
C
0.55
0.
11
B
0.92
0.
14
C
0.50
0.
07
CU
LSP
4 0.
50
1.25
0.
17
C
0.63
0.
09
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.45
0.
07
CU
LTH
1
0.57
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
84
0.17
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
70
0.15
C
ULT
H
2 0.
57
1.22
0.
18
C
0.69
0.
10
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.59
0.
08
CU
LTH
3
0.57
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
63
0.13
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
58
0.09
C
ULT
H
4 0.
57
1.25
0.
17
C
0.71
0.
10
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.51
0.
08
CU
MC
A 1
0.51
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
75
0.16
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
62
0.12
C
UM
CA
2 0.
51
1.22
0.
18
C
0.62
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.53
0.
06
CU
MC
A 3
0.51
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
56
0.12
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
51
0.08
C
UM
CA
4 0.
51
1.25
0.
17
C
0.64
0.
09
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.46
0.
07
CVA
AR
1
0.47
1.
47
0.31
C
0.
69
0.14
B
0.
83
0.10
C
0.
57
0.10
C
VAA
R
2 0.
47
1.22
0.
18
C
0.57
0.
09
B
0.85
0.
15
C
0.49
0.
06
CVA
AR
3
0.47
1.
11
0.23
C
0.
52
0.11
B
0.
92
0.14
C
0.
48
0.07
C
VAA
R
4 0.
47
1.25
0.
17
C
0.59
0.
08
B
0.71
0.
12
C
0.42
0.
06
C
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e)
80
FWD
Abs
olut
e an
d R
elat
ive
Den
sity
Met
adat
a (fo
r App
endi
x 4)
Fi
eldn
ame
Defi
niti
on
Cod
e U
nits
/exp
lana
tion
spec
ies_
code
ge
nus-
spec
ies
code
Ref
er to
App
endi
ces
2 an
d 3
Siz
e cl
ass
size
cod
e 1
0-1
cm
si
ze c
ode
2 1-
5 cm
si
ze c
ode
3 5-
12 c
m
Bol
e in
it de
nsity
bo
le in
itial
den
sity
g/cm
3
Bra
nch
bole
ratio
br
anch
to b
ole
ratio
unce
rt_bb
ratio
un
certa
inty
of b
ranc
h to
bol
e ra
tio
unce
rt_bb
r_co
de
unce
rtain
ty c
ode
for b
br
A sa
mpl
ed g
reen
bra
nch
dens
ity w
ith s
tand
ard
erro
r
B
sam
pled
gre
en b
ranc
h de
nsity
no
stan
dard
err
or
un
certa
inty
cod
e fo
r bbr
C
un
sam
pled
gre
en b
ranc
h de
nsity
FWD
_ini
t den
sity
br
anch
initi
al d
ensi
ty
g/
cm3
Unc
ert_
init
dens
ity
unce
rtain
ty o
f ini
tial d
ensi
ty
g/
cm3
unce
rt_in
it de
nsity
cod
e un
certa
inty
cod
e fo
r fw
d_id
en
A sp
ecie
s in
itial
bra
nch
dens
ity s
ampl
ed
Unc
ert F
WD
init
dens
ity c
ode
unce
rtain
ty c
ode
for f
wd_
iden
B
un
sam
pled
gre
en, u
se B
BR
to o
btai
n gr
een
Rel
den
sity
fw
d re
lativ
e de
nsity
Dim
ensi
onle
ss
Unc
ert r
el d
ensi
ty
unce
rtain
ty o
f fw
d re
lativ
e de
nsity
Dim
ensi
onle
ss
Unc
ert r
el d
ensi
ty c
ode
unce
rtain
ty c
ode
for r
elat
ive
dens
ity
A de
caye
d de
nsity
sam
pled
with
sta
ndar
d er
ror
B
deca
yed
dens
ity s
ampl
ed n
o st
anda
rd e
rror
C
deca
yed
dens
ity c
alcu
late
d fro
m m
ean
Dec
ayed
den
sity
FW
D d
ecay
ed d
ensi
ty
g/
cm3
Unc
ert_
deca
yed
den
unce
rtain
ty o
f dec
ayed
den
sity
g/cm
3
Unc
ert d
ecay
den
sity
cod
e un
certa
inty
cod
e fo
r dec
ayed
den
sity
A
spec
ies
deca
yed
dens
ity s
ampl
ed w
ith s
tand
ard
erro
r
B
spec
ies
deca
yed
dens
ity s
ampl
ed n
o st
anda
rd e
rror
C
unsa
mpl
ed d
ecay
ed
(App
endi
x 4
cont
inue
d)
81
APPENDIX 5.—Examples of estimates of the mean and uncertainty for various levels in the calculation hierarchy (red spruce, Picea rubens) on fi ve FIA sample plots in Maine with the assumption that density was not directly measured
Within a Decay or Size Class for a Species and Site
In plot 407074 there is a total of 18.13 m3/ha of decay class 3 CWD. The estimated mean density is 0.316 Mg/m3 and uncertainty in density is 0.112 Mg/m3. The mean mass and the uncertainty are therefore:
Mass DC-Sp-S = 18.13m3/ha*0.316Mg/m3 = 5.73 Mg/ha
UncertaintyMass DC-Sp-S = 18.13m3/ha*0.112Mg/m3 = 2.031 Mg/ha
Within a Species and Site
In plot 407074 there were pieces in decay classes 2-4 and none in decay classes 1 and 5. Because the density of this species was not measured directly, density of all decay classes is likely either underestimated or overestimated to the same degree and we can assume the uncertainties in these decay classes are positively correlated. Therefore, the mean and uncertainty of mass for this plot are:
Mass Sp-S = 0 Mg/ha+0.519 Mg/ha+5.73 Mg/ha+1.39 Mg/ha+0 Mg/ha = 7.64 Mg/ha
Uncertainty Mass Sp-S = 0.07 Mg/ha+2.03 Mg/ha+0.31 Mg/ha = 2.41 Mg/ha
The relative uncertainty is therefore 31 percent.
Within a Species for All Sites
There are fi ve plots each with its own mass and uncertainty estimate. Assuming density in all plots is underestimated or overestimated to the same degree, the total mass and uncertainty are:
Mass Sp = 7.64 Mg/ha+15.15 Mg/ha+1.34 Mg/ha+1.45 Mg/ha+1.42 Mg/ha = 27.00 Mg/ha
Uncertainty Mass Sp = 2.41 Mg/ha+4.02 Mg/ha+0.21 Mg/ha+3.76 Mg/ha+0.35 Mg/ha = 10.75 Mg/ha
The relative uncertainty is therefore 39.8 percent.
(continued on next page)
82
APPENDIX 5 (continued)
Within a SiteThe uncertainty in mass for a site combines the mass of all the species at a site. Because there is no reason to believe that uncertainty in one species is correlated with another, the mean and uncertainty would be:
MassS = 7.64 Mg/ha+5.99 Mg/ha = 13.64 Mg/ha
Uncertainty MassS = square root (2.412+0.612) = 2.49 Mg/ha
The relative uncertainty is therefore 18 percent.
83
APPENDIX 6.—Examples of estimates of the mean and uncertainty for various levels in the calculation hierarchy (red spruce, Picea rubens) on fi ve FIA sample plots in Maine with the assumption that density was directly measured
Within a Decay or Size Class for a Species and Site
In plot 407074 there is a total of 18.13 m3/ha of decay class 3 CWD. The estimated mean density is 0.316 Mg/m3 and uncertainty in density is 0.112 Mg/m3. The mean mass and the uncertainty are therefore:
Mass DC-Sp-S = 18.13m3/ha*0.316Mg/m3 = 5.73 Mg/ha
UncertaintyMass DC-Sp-S = 18.13m3/ha*0.112Mg/m3 = 2.031 Mg/ha
Within a Species and Site
In plot 407074 there were pieces in decay classes 2-4 and none in decay classes 1 and 5). Because the density for all decay classes was measured, the uncertainty is related to random sampling error. Therefore, the mean and uncertainty of mass for this plot are:
Mass Sp-S = 0 Mg/ha+0.519 Mg/ha +5.73 Mg/ha+ 1.39 Mg/ha+0 Mg/ha = 7.64 Mg/ha
Uncertainty Mass Sp-S = Square root (0.072 +2.032 + 0.312) = 2.06 Mg/ha
The relative uncertainty is therefore 27 percent.
Within a Species for All Sites
There are fi ve plots each with its own mass and uncertainty estimate. There is no reason to believe the uncertainty in the plots is correlated. Therefore, the total mass and uncertainty are:
Mass Sp = 7.64 Mg/ha+15.15 Mg/ha +1.34 Mg/ha+ 1.45 Mg/ha+1.42 Mg/ha = 27.00 Mg/ha
Uncertainty Mass Sp = square root (2.062 +2.892 + 0.132 +0.272 + 0.282) = 3.57 Mg/ha
The relative uncertainty is therefore 13 percent.
(continued on next page)
84
APPENDIX 6 (continued)
Within a Site
The uncertainty in mass for a site combines the mass of all the species at a site. There is no reason to believe that uncertainty in one species is correlated with another. Therefore, the mean and uncertainty would be:
MassS = 7.64 Mg/ha + 5.99 Mg/ha = 13.64 Mg/ha
Uncertainty MassS = square root (2.062+0.282) = 2.08 Mg/ha
The relative uncertainty is therefore 15 percent.
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Printed on recycled paper
Harmon, Mark E.; Woodall, Christopher W.; Fasth, Becky; Sexton, Jay. 2008. Woody detritus density and density reduction factors for tree species in the United States: a synthesis. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-29. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 84 p.
This report presents a synthesis of published and unpublished data on woody detritus density as a step toward improving estimates of coarse woody detritus (CWD) and fi ne woody detritus (FWD) biomass across the forests of the United States. In the case of CWD, 88 species were found to have data on densities for fi ve decay classes that had been published and/or collected in North America. For FWD, about 25 species had been sampled. We determined that by sampling representative species within a genus, the uncertainty of CWD estimates could be reduced by up to 50 percent over not having sampled a genus. Our analysis indicated that the uncertainty of FWD mass estimation ranged from 12 to 19 percent when FWD relative density was estimated. We conclude that a more systematic sampling of CWD and FWD density is needed for major species if uncertainties of mass estimates nationwide are to be reduced.
KEY WORDS: Dead wood, forest carbon stores, coarse woody debris, fi ne woody debris, decay classes, downed woody material.
Capitalizing on the strengths of existing science capacity in the Northeast and Midwest to attain a more integrated cohesive landscape scale research program