united states v. rojadirecta.org and rojadirecta.com - declaration of christopher d. frey

8/4/2019 United States v. Rojadirecta.org and Rojadirecta.com - Declaration of Christopher D. Frey

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTSOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - xUNITED STATES OF AMERICA

- v.-THE FOLLOWING DOMAIN NAMES:ROJADIRECTA.ORG, andROJADIRECTA.COM,

Defendants-in-rem.------------------------------------ x

11 Civ. 4139 (PAC) (PM)ECF Case

DECLARATION OF CHRISTOPHER D. FREY IN SUPPORT OFTHE GOVERNMENT'S OPPOSITION TO THE MOTION BYCLAIMANT PUERTO 80 PROJECTS, S.L.U. TO DISMISS THE

VERIFIED COMPLAINT

Case 1:11-cv-04139-PAC Document 24 Filed 08/26/11 Page 1 of 70


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I, Christopher D. Frey, declare as follows:1. I am an Assistant United States Attorney in the Office of the United States

Attorney for the Southern District ofNew York, counsel of record for the United States ofAmerica (the "Government") in this matter.

2. Attached hereto as Exhibit A is a true and correct copy of the affidavit of SpecialAgent Daniel Brazier of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and CustomsEnforcement, Homeland Security Investigations in support of an application for warrants toseize, among other things, the domain names "rojadirecta.org" and "rojadirecta.com," datedJanuary 31,2011 in 11 Mag. 262 (S.D.N.Y.).

I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States ofAmerica that theforegoing statements are true and correct.Dated: New York, New YorkAugust 26, 2011

/s / Christopher D. FreyChristopher D. FreyAssistant United States AttorneyU.S. Attorney's Office for theSouthern District ofNew York



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EXHIBIT A



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.. I:")'

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTSOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA- v. -

THE FOLLOWING DOMAIN NAMES:HQ-STREAMS.COM,HQ-STREAMS.NET,ATDHE.NET,FIRSTROW.NET,CHANNELSURFING.NET,ILEMI.COM,IILEMI.COM,IILEMII.COM,ROJADIRECTA.ORG, andROJADIRECTA.COM,

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Defendants in rem. xSTATE OF NEW YORKCOUNTY OF NEW YORK s s . :SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

2,1'. 2UNDER SEAL

AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OFAPPLICATION FOR SEIZUREWARRANT PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. 2323 (a) (1) (A) - (B), 981 (b)11 Mag.

DANIEL M. BRAZIER, being duly sworn, deposes and says:INTRODUCTION

1. I have been a Special Agent with the Department of .Homeland Security , Immigration and Customs Enforcement ("I,CE")since September 2009. I am current ly assigned to the HomelandSecuri ty Investigations Department within ICE's Special Agent inCharge - -New York Office , where I am assigned to the In te l lec tua lProperty Rights Smuggling Group, which i s responsible forinvest igat ing crimes such as commercial fraud, smuggling, andt raff icking in counterfei t goods. Prior to my employment withICE, I served as a police off ice r and detect ive. During the



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course of my car.eer in law enforcement, I have received t ra iningregarding computer technology and in te l lec tual property offenses,among other things.

2. I am famil iar with the information contained in th i saff idav i t based on my review of documents, conversat ions I havehad with other individuals and law enforcement off ice rs aboutth is matter, and my t ra ining and experience. Because th i saff idav i t i s being submitted for the l imited purpose of obtainingseizure warrants, I have not included in th i s af f idavi t thedeta i ls of every aspect of the invest igat ion. Where actions,conversations and statements of others are re la ted herein , theyare re la ted in substance and in par t , except where otherwiseindicated.

3. I make th i s aff idav i t in support of the Government'sapplication, pursuant to Tit le 18, United States Code, Sections2323(a) (1) (A)-(B) and 981, for warrants to seize the followingdomain names:

HQ-STREAMS.COM, registered with GoDaddy.com" Inc . ,14455 N. Hayden Rd. , Suite 219, Scottsdale, Arizona85260;HQ-STREAMS.NET, registered with GoDaddy.com! Inc. ,14455 N. Hayden Rd. , Suite 219, Scottsdale, Arizona85260;ATDHE.NET, registered with eNom, Inc . , 15801 NE 24thStreet , Bellevue, Washington 98008;FIRSTROW.NET, registered with GoDaddy.com, Inc . , 14455N. Hayden Rd., Suite 219, Scot tsdale , Arizona 85260;

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CHANNELSURFING.NET, regis tered with eNom, Inc . ; 15801NE 24th Street , Bellevue, Washington 98008;ILEMI.COM, regis tered with Direc t i Internet Solut ionsPvt. Ltd. , d /b /a PublicDomainRegistry.com, 14525 SWMillikan #48732, Beaverton, Oregon 97005;IILEMI.COM, regis tered with Direc t i In te rne t SolutionsPvt. Ltd. , d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com, 14525 SWMillikan #48732, Beaverton, Oregon 97005;IILEMII.COM, regis tered with Direct i Internet SolutionsPvt. Ltd. , d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com, 14525 SWMillikan #48732, Beaverton, Oregon 97005;ROJADIRECTA.ORG, regis tered with GoDaddy.com, Inc . ,14455 N. Hayden Rd., Sui te 219, Scot tsdale , Arizona85260; andROJADIRECTA.COM, regis tered with GoDaddy.com, Inc. ,14455 N. Hayden Rd., Sui te 219, Scot tsdale , Arizona85260;

(the "SUBJECT DOMAIN NAMES") .4. The procedure by which the Government wil l seize the

SUBJECT DOMAIN NAMES, including redi rect ing them to anotherwebsite notify ing users of the SUBJECT DOMAIN NAMES' seizure , i sdescribed in Attachment A hereto and below a t paragraphs 42 e t

5. As se t for th below, there i s probable cause to believethat the SUBJECT DOMAIN NAMES are subject to seizure andforfe i ture , pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 2323(a) (1) (A)-(B) asproperty used or intended to be used to commit or fac i l i t a te thecommission of criminal infringement of copyrights in violat ion of18 U.S.C. 2319.

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INTERNET DOMAIN NAMES'6. Based on my t ra ining and experience, as well as

conversations with other agents, I know the following:a. A domain name i s a simple, easy-to-remember way

fo r humans to identify computers on the Internet . For example,"www.usdoj.gov" and "www.yahoo.com" are domain names.

b. The Domain Name System ("DNS") is , among otherthings, a hierarchica l convention fo r domain names. Domain namesare composed of one or more parts , or "labels ," tha t aredelimited by periods, such as ..www.example.com... The hierarchyof domains descends from r igh t to l e f t ; each label to the l e f tspeci f ies a subdivision, or subdomain, of the domain on ther igh t . The right-most label conveys the "top-level" domain. Forexample, the domain name ..www.example.com . means that thecomputer assigned tha t name is in the ".com" top-level domain andthe "example" second-level domain, and i s a web server (denotedby the "www").

c. DNS servers are computers connected to theInternet tha t convert domain names tha t are easy for humans toremember in to In ternet Protocol ("IP") addresses, which areunique machine-readable numeric addresses tha t computers use toidentify each other on the In ternet . An IP address looks l ike ase r ies of four numbers, each in the range of 0-255, separated byperiods ( ~ , 121.56.97.178). Every computer connection to the

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Internet must be assigned an IP address so that In ternet t ra f f i csent from and directed to thatcomputer i s directed properly fromi t s source to i t s dest ina t ion . DNS servers Can be said to"resolve" or ' " translate" domain names into IP addresses .

d. For each top-level domain (such as ". com") , "therei s a single company, cal led a ' ' ' registry, ' ' tha t deterni.ines whichsecond-level domain resolves to which IP address. For example, ,the regis try for the " .net ," and " .com"top-Ievel domains isVeriSign, Inc . , 487 East Middlefield Road, Mountain View, CA94043. The regis try for the ".org" top- level domain i s ThePublic In te res t Registry, .1775 Wiehle Avenue, Suite 200 , RestOn,VA 20190 and the ".org" top-level domain is administered byAfil las USA, Inc . , Building 3 , ' Suite lOS, 300 Welsh Road',Horsham, PA 19044.

e. I f an individual or business wants to ' purchase adomain name, they buy it through a company called ' a " reg is t ra r ."Network Solutions LLC ("Network Solutions") and GoDaddy.com Inc.("GoDaddy") are two well-known examples of regis t rars , .althoughthere are hundreds of regis t rars on the In ternet . The regis t rar ,in turn, communicates th is purchase to the re levantreg. is try .The individual or business who purchases, or reg is te rs , a domainname is called a "regis trant .,"

f . Registrants control the IP address, and thus thecomputer, to which the domain name resolves. Thus, a reg is t ran t

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may easi ly move a domain name to another computer anywhere in theworld simply by changing the.IP address a t the regis t ry .

.g. Registr ies and/or reg is t ra rs maintain addit ionalinformation about domain names, including the name and contactinformation of the reg is t ran t .

THE INVESTIGATION

7 .. This application ar ises from an ongoing invest igat ioninto websites tha t i l legal ly dis tr ibute copyright-protectedcontent by streaming1 over the . Internet l ive sport ing eventte lecas ts and Pay-Per-View events. I know from my t ra ining andexperience, as well as my part:i .cipation in the invest igat ion,tha t i l legal stre,aming of copyrighted content i s generallyaccomplished in one of three ways: (1) individuals capture theoutput of a te levis ion or set- top box and di rec t tha t output to acomputer, where it i s simultaneously and continuously encoded anduploaded in a "stream" to so-cal led i l l ega l "streaming" websites;(2) individuals hack the authorized Internet streams ofin ternat ional r ightsholders and then direct those streams toi l legal streaming websites; apd (3) a camcorder i s pointed a t a

1 "Streaming" refers to a particul ar method by whichmedia, in par t icular audio and video f i l e s , are del ivered tousers over the Internet . For purposes of th is aff idav i t ,"streamed" media i s generally l ive content tha t i s presented. inrea l time and i s general ly available a t one time only ( ~ , during a sport ing event) .6



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te levis ion or computer screen to capture the programming, whichi s then encoded and uploaded to i l legal streaming websites.

8. I know from my part ic ipat ion in the investigation thatthe holder of the copyrights in and to a l l te levis ion broadcastsand footage of a par t icu la r athle t ic event is the associatedindividual sports league. The sports leagues relevant to th isaff idavit are the ,National Football League (the "NFL"), the'National Basketbal l Association' (the "NBA")," the National HockeyLeague (the "NHL"), World Wresting Entertainment ' ( the "WWE") andUltimate Fighting C h a m p i ~ : m s h i p (the "UFC") ,( collect ively , t h e"Leagues") ., The U. S. ,Copyright Act, Tit le 17, United StatesCode, Sections 101, e t seq. , gives the holder of such copyrightsvarious exclusive r ights , including the r igh t to control publicperformances and dis tr ibut ion of the works. In turn, t h e L e ~ g u e s enter into contractual arrangements with te levis ion networks such'as, NBC and ESPN, which pay the Leagues fees for ' the r ights tobroadcast telecc;a.sts of t he i r copyrighted sport ing events'. '

9. Based on my par t ic ipat ion in the invest igat ion, I knowtha t the Leagues suffer s ignif icant negative impact from theunauthorized streaming of l ive te levis ion programming. Amongother things, online piracy of l ive sporting event te lecas tsthreatens the investment tha t broadcasters and dig i ta l mediacompanies are wil l ing to make to dis tr ibute l ive content" theLeagues' ab i l i ty to se l l game t ickets and secure local television

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and radio carr iage, and the value of advert i s ing revenuegenerated by broadcast , radio and new media par tners . Moreover,with respect to Pay-Per-View events, it i s estimated tha t .millions of dol lars in revenue are los t by copyright holders eachy ~ a r from the i l l ega l streaming of the i r content over theInternet through such websites, which enables unauthorizedviewers to watch the event l ive in the samequality and with thesame ease as those who lawfully purchased the content throughPay-Per-View.

10. In response to such piracy, .both the Leagues and thebroadcasting networks invest s ignif icant amotints to monitor suchrampant acts of the f t and provide notices to Internet service~ r o v i d e r s and website operators to take down i l l ega l ly posted .content. As demon$trated.below, these take down notices areoften ineffect ive , yet the costs of these ef for t s are passed onto s p o r t ~ fans and consumers when they purchase t ickets ' orsubscribe to sports networks.

11. Based on my par t ic ipat ion in the investigation, I havelearned tha t the problem of piracy of l ive sports broadcastingover the Internet i s part icularly pernicious in l ight of the facttha t the value of the of the copyright holder 's content isextremely perishable. There is s ignif icant .value to consumers of .being able to access tha t content while the event is s t i l l inprogress. Indeed, unlike other video content offered online,

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including te levis ion programs and motion pict t i res, 'which oftenremain popular ,well af te r i t s debut; sports fans ' in teres t inviewing l ive sport ing events i s greates t while the event ishappening. In addit ion, some sporting events such as wrestl ingand boxing - involve bouts tha t can be'" over in a matter o f a fewminutes. Thus, even i f a website' is not i f led by a copyri'ghtholder of the infringement, and takes the infr inging content downwithin ' lS minutes, the damage is already done because the pira ted 'te lecas t has already been seen and a l l of the value of the l ivecontent has been extracted.

12. ,Many of the,: websites that are involved in the i l iegaldis tr ibut ion o'f copyright-protected content over the Int 'ernet maybe divided into two classes: "linking" websites and "cybertocker"websites. 2 All of the SUBJECT DOMAIN NAMES are "linking"websites.

13. I know from my part ic ipat ion in the investigation tha t"linking" websites generally collect 'and catalog'. l inks 3 to f i l e s

2 "Cyberlocker" websites allow users to ,upload in:t,:,ringingcontent and often feature high-capaci ty data connections tha tallow users conveniently to download or stream tha t contentre la t ive ly quickly. Cyberlocker websites also may allow users tosearch for and download specif ic content direc t ly without f i r s t ,going through a l inking s i t e . Finally, a cyberlocker may usedifferent seryers to host i t s webpage, receive uploads, andhandle downloading or streaming content. Each computer serverconnected to the Internet is identif ied by one or more IPaddresses.

3 For purposes of th i s aff idavit , a "link" is code whichspecif ies a par t icu la r webpage or f i le on the Internet . I f9



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on th i rd party websites tha t contain i l l ega l copies ofcopyrighted content , including -sporting events and Pay-Per-Viewevents. Linking websites organize these l inks by, for example,sports type or sporting event, to make them eas i ly access ib le .UserS simply c l ick on a l ink to begin the' process of downloadingor streaming to the i r ' own computer an i l l ega l broadcast of asport ing event o r P a y ~ P e r ~ V i e w event from t h ~ th i rd par ty websitetha t i s host ing the stream. , .Linking websites are popular because'they allow users to quicklybroW'se' content and locate i l l ega lstreams tha t would otherwise be more d i f f i cu l t to f ind throughmanual. searches of ,the, I n t ~ r n e t Linking websites also often"allow users to post l inks , to infr inging content .

14.' The invest igat ion has iden t i f ied ten l ink ing websitesthat are among the most popular such website's on the Internet fori l l egal ly dis t r ibu t ing copyrighted sporting events and/or Pay-Per-View events. These, wepsites are: (1) Hq-Streams.com; (2) Hq";

, Streams. net i (3) Atdhe. net; {4} First row. net ; ' ( 5) ,Channelsurf ing.net ; (6) Ilemi.com; (7 ) Ii lemi.com; (8)I i lemii . com; (9} Roj adi recta . org; and (10) Roj adirecta, . com.

clicked, on, by a use,r, a l ink can, for example" bring up therelevant ,web page in an Internet browser or, run a program. For,example, , ' 'http://movies .nytimes. cbm/2010!,06/18/movies/18toy .html?scp=1&sq=toy%20story%203&st=cse" i s a l ink to a webpagecontaining the New York Times' review of the movie "Toy Story 3."A "link" may also be referred to as a "Uniform ResourCe Locator"or "URL."10



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PROBABLE CAUSE FOR SEIZURE AND FORFEITURE15. During the course of the invest igat ion I and other ICE

agents have reviewed the below l inking s i tes using computerslocated in the borough of Manhattan in New York, New York, aswell asiil: Westchester County; New York, and have used thosewebsites to stream portions of copyrighted broadcasts of sport ingevents and/or Pay-Per-View events .

The H g - S t r e a m s . ~ com and Hg-Streams .net Websites16. Based on my review of webpages tha ta re ava i lah le a t

the Hq-Streams. com and the Hq-Streams. net webEiites, I havelearned the following:

a. When an In ternet user accesses e i the r :'the Hq-Streams.com website or the Hq-Streams.net website, that userisdirected to a main page, which i s the same fo r ei ther of the URLsand which carry the sameIP address. Regardless of whether theuser has. typed "Hq-Streams.com" or "Hq-Streams.net" to access thewebsite, the URL displayed by the main page is aiways "Hq-Streams'. com" (hereafter , the website wil l be referred to as "Hq-Streams"). Hq-Streams is a "linking" website dedicated towrestl ing. The website 's main page requires the user to se t upan account, a lbe i t a t no cost . After the user creates al i ac'countand logs in , the user is brought to thehomepage, upon whichthere are eleven categories of l inks to various chat rooms andl ive streams of broadcast or Pay-Per-View wrestl ing events. {A.

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copy of the Hq-Streams homepage as it appeared on or aboutJanuary 31, 2011 i s attached as Exhibit A). These live: streamsare ei ther of wrest l ing matches , that are being t e lecas t in thatpart icular moment in time by a certa in proadcaster" o r werepreviously recorded and are being played on a ,continuous loop.'

b. The Hq-Streams website houses numerous ."channelsi:".each displaying various wrestl ing and , P a y - P e r ~ V i ~ w , e v e n t s t ha t 'change on a dai ly bas is . On or about January 24, 2011, f q ~ example, Channels, l-S and Channel 9 were streaming previous,wrestling matches from WWE, and Channels 6-8 and Cha,nne1 1,0 wereoff a i r . Based on my conversations with, representat ives of theWWE, I know tha t as of, Janua,ry 24, 2011, a l l of the wrestl ingevents offered on th is website were copyrighted, ano." that, t he ,

. '..copyright holders did not authorize t he i r third par tydis tr ibut ion over the Internet by Hq-Streams.

c. By selecting one of the cnannels avai lable on theHq-Streams website, an embedqed video displays, a, w ~ , e s t l i n g program, whose content is running on a stream from anotherwebsite and i s linked to the H q - S t r e a ~ s websi,te. Because the,sporting event is running on a l ive stream, ' a"user, watches frOm'whatever point in the stream the sporting event i s c u r r e n ~ l y running.,

d. During the streaming event, advertisements are,per iodical ly displayed a t the bottom of the video. Depending on

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the chosen l ink, a viewer may be requirecl to view anadvertisement before' viewing the selected sporting event. I' knowfrom my part ic ipat ion in the investigation' , that. companies whichplace advertisements on a website typical ly pay a fee to thewebsi te 's owner based on, among other t h i n g ' s ~ the number ofwebsite users.who view the. ad, as well as the number of timesusers. cl ick on the ad. Bothof these f igures 'depend on,amongother things, the websi te 's populari ty and i t s overal l number of 'users.

e . . .In addit ion to .r ~ v e n u e generated by'advertisements, ,the Hq-Streams website also prof i t s by' offer ingi t s users ' the option of 'purcha,sing an "el i te s'tream." I fpurchased, the website claims tha t there wil l be "nola-g t ime' and .no shutdowns streamed from [the website:' s] private serve'rs." Athree-day pass costs $3 .00 , a one month pass 'costs $12; 0-0," and a 'three month pass costs $25.00 .

. .. f . ,Based on my review of public records, I ,know tha t, the Hq-Streams.com and Hq-Streams.net websites are hosted on'acomputer assigned theIPaddress 85 .17 .120 .217 , which i s hosteda t an Internet Service Provider in the Netherlands.

Captures o f In fr inging Content Via Hg-Streams:. com"17 . I have spoken with other 'ICE agents who have used the

Hq-Streams.comwebsite to stream i l l ega l te lecas ts of sport ingevents and/or Pay";Per-View events. According to the agents, on:

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or about the dates l i s t ed in the char t below, they cl icked onl inks fo r the below-l is ted events on the Hq-Streams. com website,, 'and streamed portions of the s e ; l e c t ~ d events in 'a manner that 'indicated tha t the ent i re event had been made available to users 4(the "Captures") .' : i R ~ ~ ' ~ : r , i i ~ : ~ $ ~ : ~ ~ i : 1 t ; X ; f : ~ 1 ~ : ' " '": ~ : R ~ ~ ~ ~ ' g ~ ' f ~ ~ ~ r i : ~ ~ ~ g ~ ~ ; ~ : January 14, 2011 Channel 1:

"WWE Smackdown 0 h r 10 min 12 ~ e c

January 14, 2011 Channels 2-5: TN:A Impact! 0 h r 02 min 39 secJanuary 14, 2011 Channel 6: Extreme 0 h r 06 min 18 secChampionship Wres t l ingJanuary 14, 2011 Channel 1: WWE Smackdown 0 hr 18 min 13 secJanuary 19, 20 i l Channel 2: WWE Royal Rumble 0 h r 23 min 59 secJanuary 19, 201'1 'Archive (12/05/10) : TNA 0 hr 31 min 27 secFina l ResolutionJanuary 19, 2011 Archive (01/09/11) : TNA 0 h r 17 min 44 secGenesisJanuary 19, 2011 Archive (12/16/10) : TNA 0 h r 10 min 59 secReact ionJanuary 19, 2011 Archive: WWE NXT 0 hr, 13 min 14 secJanuary 19, 2011 Channel 7 : WWE Raw 0 h r 26 min 30 secJanuary 19, 2011 Archive (01/17/11) : WWE Raw 0 h r 19 min 12 secJanuary 19', 20i1 ,Archive: WWE Royal Rumble 0 h r 21 min 47 sec

~ 0 1 1 Ja'nuaiy 19, 2011 Channel 1: WWE Smackdown 0 h r 18 min 09 secJanuary, 19, 2011 Arc;hive (01/07/11) : WWE 0 hr ' i7 'min 10 ,secSmackdownJanuary 19, 2011' Archive (12/16/10) : WWE 0 h r 04 min 30 secSupers tarsJanuary 19, 2011 Archive (12/30/10) : WWE 0 h r 18 min 55 sec

Supers tars

4 Agents involved in the invest igat ion viewed port ions ofthe stream a t various interVals during the event, ra ther than theent i re ty of the stream.14



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18. Based on my conversations with representat ives of WWE,I know tha t as of January 25, 2011, a l l of the aforementionedevents were copyrighted, and that the copyr:i.ght holders did nota u t h o r i z e ~ h e i r th i rd party dis t r ibut ion over the Internet b y H q ~ Streams. com ,

Captures o f Infr ing ing Content Via Hq-Streams.net19. I have s,poken, wi th other ICE' agents who' have used, the

Hq-Streams .net website, redirected to the Hq-Steatris.coi:n rn.ainpage, to stream i l leg 'al te lecasts of sporting events and/6rpay- ,Per-View events . According to the agents, 'on or about the" dates- "l i s ted in the chart below,,: they c'licked on l inks for ,the below..:.,"l i s ted events on the Hq-Streams : com website,, ' a f ~ e r i n i t ~ a l l y entering the Hq-Streams.net website address ,and streamed

'portions of the selected ,events in a manner that indicated , that ,the ent i reever i t had been made avai lable to Users.

January 19 , 2011 Archive- (01 /17 /11 ) : WWE Raw 0' hr 17 min 07 secJanuary 19 " 2011 Channel, 2 : WWE Royal Rumble o hr 15 min '18 sec

2 0 ~ Based on my-conversations with representat ives of WWE,I know tha t as of January 25,' 2011, a l l of the aforementionedevents'were copyrighted, and, tha t the copyright holders did notauthorize the i r th i rd party dis t r ibut ion over the ' In ternet by. Hq-Streams.net.

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The Atdhe.net,Website21. Based on my review of webpages'that' are available a t

the Atdhe. net website;, I have, learned, the fol.lowing:a. ~ t d h e . n e t ' i s a "linking" website: When users , '

access the Atdhe.net website, they are brought to the homepage,which provides l inks uo certa in te levis ion and movie content , aswell as , daily l ive sporting and Pay- Per-View events . ' ( Copies of, 'port ions of the Atdhe.net homepage as it appeared on or aboutJanuary 31; 2011 are attached as Exhibit B) . Once a. user selectsa l ink , , t h ~ t user i s taken to a new window.' An advertisementvideo plays before a 'User "can v i ~ w t h e Selected program',; 'Becausethe event runsQn, a l ive stream, the user watches ,from whatever

"point in the stream. the broadcast is present: lyat .b., ,On or, abo'Ut December 20, 2010, for example', when

agents involved in . the ' invest igat ion selected a l ink fdr the", ,sporting event ent i t led "Chicago Bears vs. MiI:1n,esota Vikings," a ,,\. , \.

new window opened and the broadcast, of that NFL game began tostream l ive in the window, 'the top of which displayed "ATDHE.NET,You are'watching Chicago Bears vs. Minnesota Vikings, NFL week15." Based on my conversations with representat:.ives of the NFL,I know tha t as 'of 'December 20, 2010, th is ' foo tba l l ' game wascopyrighted, 'and the NFL did not authorize the th i rd p'artydis tr ibut ion of tha t sporting event over the Internet by

I Atdhe . net.

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c. Several broadcasting networks are also l i s ted asl inks on the Atdhe.net webpage.. For example, on or aboutDecember 22, 2010, the following l inks were l i s ted: M S N B C ~ CNBC,ESPN and NFL Network. On or about December 22, 2010, a tapproximately 9:48 a.m. EST, when agents involved in thei n v e s . t i g a t i o n . s e l e ~ t e q the MSNBC l ink, a l i v e stream videoappeared of the current programming tha t was being' played on au.authorized broaqqast of MSNBe, .on tha t par t icular ,date a t thatpart icular time Based on my c.onversations with representat ivesof MSNBC,I know that as .pf December 22 , 2010,. MSNBC had notauthorized th ird .party cli:;;tribution over the Internet of i t sbroadcasts by Atdhe.net.. . " " ,

d. , The l inks displayed. on the. :Atdhe;I1;et website . forvarious l i ve sporting and Pay:-.Per-View events changes on a dailybasis . . he l i nks fo r spor t ingevent s are added as the dayprogresses an.dthe ..events ' s ta r t ing times are closer . The l inksare displayed with the star t ing time (Eastern Standard Time) foreach of the events to the l e f t of the l ink. Several of the l ive sporting events . l is ted .often have more than one l ink displayed.

e.. Under the heading "Terms of Service,lI theAtdhe . net website displays the following, among other things.:

We DO NOT hos t ,any videos on th i s website.All videos found on our s i t e are found freelyavai lable around the web.on s i tes such asJust in . tv , Ustream.tv, Selfcas t , etc . Wemake no guarantees or promises in our serviceand take no l i ab i l i ty for our users act ions.17



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We are not aff i l ia ted nor claim to beaff i l ia ted with any of the owners ofvideos/streams played on our -site. Allcontent i s copyright of t he i r respect iveowners.We urge a l l copyright owners, to recognize 'tha t l inks contained within th i s s i te arelocated somewhere else on the web. Theembedded l ink points to the locat ion of the, video on the web. Please direc t a l lcopyright ' infringement issues to the,companies tha t host these f i l e s (Justir i . tv,ustream.tv, Freedocast, e tc . ) .

Also found under the "Terms ,of Service" header i s a sect ion '. .' I

ent i t led "Liabi l i t ies ," which s ta tes , in pert inent par t :The materia l on the website is designed to

' ~ G o m p l y with Swedish law and we cannot ' be heldresponsible for any non-compliance withapplicable local ' laws in any otherju r isd ic t ion .22. I have reviewed Alexa.com rankings fo r the Atdhe.net

website, and I have learned that as of on or about January 27,2011, Alexa.com ranked the Atdhe.net website as the 664th mostpopular website in the world, and the S17th most popular websitein the United States . 5 'According to Compete. com, the number ofunique vis i tors to Atdhe.net has increased from approximately

.' ".': 'i'.',. .' . . I .5 Alexa. com a '''web t ra f f i c metric service," meaning

:.\'

that i t performs a f u n c t ~ o n similar to the t radi t ional Nielsente levis ion ra t ings service. Among other things, ' Alexa . com "measures the amount of vis i tors to a par t icu la r website re la t iveto other websites on the Internet , provides an ,overall ranking ofthe websi te 's populari ty; and col lects other inforination re la t ingto the website, including the number of other websites tha t l inkto i t . .18



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365,308 per month in or about February 2010 to approximately1,552,175 in or about December 2010. 6

23. Based on my review of public records, I know tha t theAtdhe.net website' is hosted on a computer assigned the IP address88.80.11.29, which is ' located a t an Internet Service Provider in 'Sweden.

Captures. o f In'fringing Content Via Atdh.e.net24. I have used the Atdhe.net w e b s i t ~ to s t r e ~ m i l legal

',. ' , " ,

te lecasts of sporting events and/or Pay-Fer-View events. On orIabout the dates l i s ted in the chart below, I personally: cl icked

on l inks, ,for the below-listed events on the Atdhe.netwebsit: .e, 'and' streamed portions of the selected events ' in a mamierthat

Iindicated tha t the ent i re event had been made available to users .', ..

December 12, 2010 NFL Bengals vs. Steelers 1 hr 28 min 12 sec0 hr 59 'min 57 ,secDecember 12, 2010 NFL Dolphins vs. Je ts 0 hr ,19 min 5:1, sec

December 13, 2010 NFL Giants vs. Vikings 0 hr 04 min 09 secDecember 14, 2010 NHL Penguins vs. Flyers 0 hr 09 min 51 sec0" hr 10 min 10 SE9C'0 hr 13 min 16 sec0 hr 12 min 04 sec0 hr 09 min 51 secDecember 15, 2010 NBA Knicks vs. Boston 0 hr 09 min 16 sec0 hr 08 min 05 sec0 hr 06 Iijin 23 sec

0 hr 10 mih 27 sec

6 Compete . com i s a web page amily t icsse rv ice , t ha t ' t racksconsumer behavior on the Internet , including the number of unique'vis i tors to a par t icu la r website from month to month.19



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' I '

j ' B # ~ I U i h : ~ , . , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' \ y j : . ' : : : ' ; ~ ~ ~ ; P ; ! ' Y ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ { : ; : l ~ ' : r f u t ; ; j \ : J ! ! ~ ~ ~ : m ~ , T I ; J ~ ~ # ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : t ~ ~ ~ j j r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ' : ~ ~ ; ' l j ' l i , ~ ; : December 15 , 2010 NHL Rangers. vs. Penguins 0 hr 10 min 57 sec

0 hr 05 min 47 sec0 hr 10 min 49 .sec

December 16 , 2010 NBA Nets vs. Wizards 0 hr 09 min 09 sec0 hr 09 min 18 sec0 hr 06 min 38 sec0 hr 10 min.,20 sec

Decekber 16, 2010 NFL 4gers vs. Chargers 0 hr 08 min 46 sec0 hr 04 min 58 sec0 hr 06 min 55 sec0 hr 06 min 01 sec

December 16 , 2oio NHL Islanders vs. Ducks 0 hr 10 min 31 sec0 h r 08 min 07 sec0 hr 04 min 46 sec

December 19; 2010 WWE Pay-Fer-View TLC 0 hr 06 min 46 sec0 hr 05 min 48 sec0 hr 06 min 49 sec ..0 hr 06 min 33 sec

December 20 , 2010 NFL Bears vs. Vikings 0 hr 06 min 26 sec0 hr 06 min 11 sec

. 0 hr Of? . min 0'0 sec'" 0 hr 05 min 13 sec

December 28 , 2010 NBA Knicks. vs. Heat '. .0 hr 10 min"33 sec0 hr 10 min 21 sec0 hr '10 'min 38 sec .0 hr 09 mii148 sec

.December 28 , 2.01.0 NFL Eagles vs. Vikings 0 hr 11 min 43 sec0 hr 05 min 36 sec0 hr 09 rtliri 43 sec '0 hr 11 min 23 sec

January 1, 2011 UFC Pay-Per-View 125 0 hr 06 miri 57 sec0 'hr 06 min 09 sec0 'h r 06 '.min' 17 secOhr 03 min 10 sec

January 6, 2011 NHL .J?enguins vs. 0 hr 08 min 16 secLightning 0 hr 06 min 49 sec0 hr 06 min 10 sec

25. Based on my conv,ersations with representat ives of theNFL, NBA, NHL, WWE and UFC, I know tha t as of January 25, 2 0 1 1 ~ a l l of the aforementioned events were copyrighted, and tha t the

20



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, ,

copyright holders did not authorize t he i r th i rd p a ~ t y dis t r ibut ion over the In te rne t by Atdhe.net .

,The Firstrow.net Website26. Based on my review of webpages that ' are avai lab le a t

I the FJ.rstrow. net websJ. te , I have learned the following:'"a. Firstrow.net i s a "l inking" website . . ,When users

access, the Fir-strow. net website, they, are 'brought t,o the'homepage, which I?rovides various l inks to te levis ion sportschannels, dai ly l ive 'sporting" events, and Pay- Per ""View events.Numerous advertisements are present in various locations on thehomepage as well . (Copies of portions of ' the,' Firstrow. nethomepage as it a p p e a ~ e d on or about January 31, 2011 are at tachedas Exhibi,t C). ,Links to the following' sports a:re 'displayed onthe Firs t row.net homepage: Footbal l , American Footbal l ,Basketbal l , Ice 'Hockey, Boxing'- WWE .:. UFC; Tennis, 'Motorsport,Rugby, Darts, Snooker ,Go l f , ,.AussieRules and Handball. Thewebsite 's various l ive sporting events, te levis ion programs,movie channel arid Pay-Per-view events a l l change on a dai lybasis . Moreover, each spor t -specif ic l ink i s aiso updated daily.

b,. On the top of the homepage, the words '''FIRST ROW"appear and there are e ight l inks displayed' underneath: When 'auser cl icks one, of ,the spor t speci f ic l inks (e .g . , footbal l ) , thespor t appears with that day's schedule and the words, "In th issec t ion you can see footbal l l ive and free ." When a program i s

21



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, '

selected, the content begins to run; because the event runson ' al ive stream, the user watches from whatever point in the streamthe broadcast, is presently at."

c. On January 3, 2011, when agents ,involved in theinvest igat ion selected a l ink for "1/03/2011 National HockeyLeague (NHL) Boston Bruins vs. Toronto Maple Leafs," a new wiI:J.dow. 'opened and the b ~ o a d c a s t of that NHL game bE;gan to stream l ive in .the window, the top of which displayed, " F I R S ~ R O W . N E T . " 'Based onmy conversations, with representa t ives of the J:ijHL.i I know that asof January 3, ,2.011, th i s hockey game was, copyrighted,: and the NHLdid not, authorize the , th ird party dis t r ibu t ion of that , sporting , '"event over the . Internet by F i r s ~ r . o w . n e t .

d. In. ?tddition, on o r a b o u t J a n u a r y 1 ~ , 2011, .a t 'approximately 1:45 p.m. EST, when agents involved in theinvest igat ion selected a Fox J:ij'ews TV channel l ink, a l ive streamvideo appeared of the current programming tha t was bE;ing playedon an authorized broadcast of Fox News, on tha t particu,lar datea t tha t par t i cu la r t ime. Advertisement,s were .periodicallydisplayed a t the pottom of the video, as the user viewed the l ivestream. Based on my conversations with representat ives of FoxNews, I know tha t as o.f January .14 i 2011, Fox News had notauthorized th ird party d i s t r i b u t i o ~ over,. the In te rne t 'o f i t s 'broadcasts by Firstrow.net.

22

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, .

27. Based on my review'of publ ica l ly ' ava i l ab le records, 'Iknow t ha t the Firs t row.net websi te i s hosted on a computer se rverassigned IP address 80.67.5. '103, which i s hosted a t an In te rne tService Provider in Sweden.

Capt,ures o f Infringing 'Content Via Firs t row.net28. I have use,d the Firs t row.net websi te tos t-ream i l l ega l

t e l ecas t s of sport ing events, and/or Pay-pe'r-View events . ' On orabout the dates l i s t ed in" the char t below, I personal ly c l i c k ~ d on l inks fo r the below-l is ted events on the Firs t row.net website,and s.treamed port ions of the se lec ted events ih ' a 'manner t ha tind ica ted t ha t the ent i re event had been made avai lab le to use r s .

December 11, 2010 UFC Pay-per-View 12 4 1 hr 3'4 min 39 secDecember 14,. 2010 NBA Timberwolves vs. 0 hr 01 ,min 5B secWarriors 0 hr 14 min 43 sec0 hr 19 min 55 sec0 hr 2'2 min 08 sec

0 hr 13 min 32 sec".December 14, 2010 NHL Penguins vs. Flyers 0 hr 12 min 42 sec0 hr 27 min 02 sec0 hr 15 nd_h 33 sec0 hr 16 min 52 sec0 hr 15 min 52 sec0 hr 04 min 04 secDecember 15, ,2010 m,3A Celtics vs. Knicks 0 'h r 16 min DO'sec0 hr 13 min 44 sec0 hr 10 min, 50 sec0 hr 13 min 06 secDecember 15, 2Q10 NJIL Rangers vs. ' Penguins . 0' hr '12 min 56 sec

0 hr 11 min 53 sec0 hr 14 min '3 6 SeCDecember 16, 2010 NBA Wizards vs. Nets 0 hr 11 min 54 sec0 hr 15 min 30 seco 'h r 18 min 41 sec

23



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, ,

December 16, 2010 NFL 4gers vs. Chargers 0 h r 10 min 41 sec0 h r 20 min 47 sec0 h r 31 qlin 29 sec0 hr 13 min 16 secDecember 16, 2010 NHL I s l ander s vs . Ducks 0 h r 14 min 22 sec0 h r 23 min 03 sec0 hr 16 min 16 secDecember 19, 2010 NFL Falcons vs. Seahawks 0 hr 08 min 08 sec0 hr 08 min 22 sec0 hr 07 min 06 secDe.cember 19, .2010 -WWE, Pay-Per-View TLC 0 hi' 06 min 35 sec0 hr 06 min 54 sec0 hr 05 min 34 sec0 hr 01 min 38 secDecember 20,. 2010 NFL' Bears vs'. Vikings b h r 12 min 37 sec

0 hr 12 min 20 sec0 h r 13 min 37 sec0 hr 11 min 17 sec0 'h r 11 min 59 sec ..December 28; 2010 Knicks vs . ' Heat 0 h r 11 min 27 sec0 h r 07 min. 04' sec .0 hJ; ,08 Jllin OQ sec

December 28, 2010 NFL Eagles vs . Vikings 0 hi' 09 min ,sec0 hr oS'mi'n 24 sec0 hr 08 min 11 sec0 hr 09 min 22 secDecember 28, 2010 NHL' .Rangers vs . Devils o hr 06 min 16 sec

D,br 07 min 54 sec .,";,O h r 09 min 02 sec .. -January 1, 2011 UFC Pay-Per-View 12 5 0 hr 06 min 17 sec0 hr 06 min 42 sec0 hr 06 min 36 secJanuary 3, 2011 NHL Bruins-vs. Maple 0 h r 07 min 38 sec

Leafs ' 0 hr 06 min 19 sec0 hr 06 min 06 secJanuary 3, 2011 WWE Monday Night Raw 0 hr 10 min 17 sec0 hr 06 min 52 secJanuary 5, 2011 NHL Penguins ,vs . 0 hr 16 'min 22 sec

Lightn ing 0 hr 09 min 43 sec,0 hr 08 min 11 sec29. Based on my conversations with representa t ives of the

UFC, NBA, NHL, NFL,' and WWE, I know that as of January 25, 2011,

24



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, ,

a l l of the aforementioned events wer'e copyrighted, and that thecopyright holders did not authorize the i r th i rd 'par tydis tr ibut ion over the In ternet by Firs t row.net .

The Channelsurfinq. net Website30. Based on my review of webpages tha t are available a t

the Charinelsurfing.net website, I have learned the following:a. Channelsurfing.net i s a "linking" ,website. When a

user accesses the Channelsurfing.net website, the user i s broughtto the homePCige, which provides l inks to te levis ion andrrtoviecontent, as well as da i ly ,live sporting events and Pay-Per-Viewevents. ' (C9P:les, of port ions of the Channelsurfing. net homepage

" 1as it appeared on or'about"January 31, 2011 are attached asExhibi D). In addit ion, numerous advertis'ements are ' displayed 'on various loca,tions, of the homepage.

"b. On a day-to-day l:>asi's, the l inks for'some of thete levis ion ,programs and broadcast channels change very l i t t l e .I n ' f ~ c t , the following ,appear to be l i s ted on a consistent , dai lybasis: "South Park," "The Office," "The Poker Channel," "ESPN,'""MSNBC," "CNBC," and '''Fox News." Each of these l inks have theword "live" displayed adj acent to the l ink and the log'o for thecorresponding network or te levis ion show i s also displayed. Byselecting, one of these l inks, the user is ' taken to a new'Channelsurfing.net window, which displays ' the selected televisioncontent or program. Because the content i s running o n a l i ve '

25

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stream from another website, the selected show does not s t a r t a tthe beginning of the program, but ra ther runs from whatever pointin the stream the show is presently a t . In addi t ion,advertisements are periodical ly displayed a t the bottom of thevideo during the l ive stream; these advertisements are separateand dis t inc t from any commercials that may appear during thestream of the sporting event broadcast.

c. In addition, a number of the l inks displayed onthe Channelsurfing.net webpage for various l ive sport ing events,te levis ion programs, and Pay-Per-View events. change on a dailybasis . The l inks for -sporting events are added as the dayprogresses and an event ' s s ta r t ing time draws closer . To thel e f t of each of t h ~ sporting events. or te levis ion programs is thecorresponding league or broadcast company logo, including "NBC,","CBS," "ABC," "ESPN," " N H L , ~ ' "NBA," and "NCAA." The logos and.Eastern Standard broadcast times appear to be accurate for theprogramm,ing . on tha t par t icu la r day . . . .

d. For example, on or about January 5, 2011, a tapproximately 4:28 p.m. EST, when agents . involved in theinvest igat ion selected an MSNBC channel link', a l ive stream videoappeared of the current programming that was being played on an

. authorized broadcast of MSNBC, on tha t par t icular date a t thatpar t icu la r t ime. Based on my conversations with representativesof MSNBC, I know that as of ~ a n u a r y 5, 2011, MSNBC had not

26



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authorized thi rd "party" dis tr ibut ion over the Internet of it"sbroadcasts byChannelsurfing.net.

e. Also" by way of example, on January 1, 2011, whenagents involved in the invest igat ion selected" a l ink for "UFC -Resolution 10:00 PM EST 1/1,." a new window opened and the Pay- "Per-View broadcast of tha t UFC match" began to stream l ive in thewindow, the top of which displayed, "UFC 125 -W W W . C H A N N E L S U R F I N G ~ N E T . " Based on my conversations withr e p r e s e n t a t i v ~ s " of" the" UFC, I know that as of January 1,"" 2011,this match was"" copyrighted, and the UFC did riot '"authorize thethi rd party dis t r ibu t ion of" that "Pay-Per-Viewmatch"overtheIn ternet by C h a n n e l s t : ! - r f i n g ~ n e t .

f . Under" the heading "Terms of Service," the"Channelsurfing.net website displays "the following, among otherthings:

We DO NOT host any videos on th i s website.A ll videos found on our s i t e are found f reelyavailable.around the web on s i tes such asJus t in . tv , Ustream.tv, Selfcas t , e tc . We""" make no guarantees" or promises in our serviceand take no l i ab i l i ty for our users actions.Wea,re not af f i l i a ted nor clairrtto beaff i l ia ted with any of the owners ofvideos/streams played ""on our s i t e . Allcontent is copyright of the i r respectiveowners.We urge a l l copyright owners, to recognize"tha t l inks contained within th i s s i te arelocated somewhere else on the w e b ~ " The \embedded l ink points to the locat ion of thevideo" on the web. Please direc t a l lcopyright infringement issues to the

27

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companies tha t host these f i l e s (Just iI i . tv ,Ustream.tv, Freedocast, e tc . ) .Also found under the "Terms of Service" header i s a sectionent i t led "Liabi l i t i es , " which s ta tes , in per t inen t part :

The mater ia l on the website i s designed tocomply with Swedish law and we cannot be 'hetdresponsible for any non-compliance witha p p l i c ~ b l e local laws iIi any otherju r isd ic t ion .g. I know from public records t ha t the ', ' .

Channelsurfing.net website is hosted on a computer assigned theIP address 89.248.174.98, which i s hosted a t an Internet ServiceProvider in the Netherlands.

Captures o f Infr ing ing Content Via Cnannelsurf ing.net'"

31. I have used the Channelsurfing.net website to streami l l ega l te lecas ts of s p o r t i ~ g eve:r:tts and/()r.Pay-Per-viewevents.On or about the dates l i s ted in the chart below, I personallyclicked on l inks fo r the below-listed events on theChannelsurfing.net website, and streamed portions of theselected events in a manner tha t indicated tha t the entire eventhad been made available to users.

December I I , 2010 UFC Pay-Per-View 12 4 1 hr lEi min 00 secDecember 12, 2010 NFL Bengals vs. Steelers 1 hr 25 min 00 sec

1 hr 03 min 00 sec.December 14, 2010 NBA Warriors vs. 0 hr 13 min .02 .secTimberwolves 0 hr 15 . min 20 secO,hr 16 m;i.n 01 seco hr 15 min 50. sec

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1 t

December 14, 2010 NHL

December 15, 2010 NBA


December 16, 2010 NBA


Decembe'r '1'9, 2010 NFLDecember 19 , 2010 WWE

December 20.1 2010 .NFL

D,ecember28, 2010 NBA

December 28 , 2010 NFL

December 29 , 2010 NHL

January 1, 2011 UFC

January 3, 2011 NHL

Penguins vs. Flyers 0 hr 17 min 07 secO,hr min secO' hr 13 min 12 seco hr 09 min 35 seco hr 13 min 16 seco hr 15 min 02 sec

Knicks vs. Celtics o hr 11 min 33 seco hr 12 min 5'7 seco hr 07 min 38 seco hr 1,1 min 23 secRangers vs. penguins 0 hr 10 min 32 sec

Nets vs. Wizards

Islanders vs. Ducks

Jaguars vs. Colts 'Pay-Per-View TLC

Vikings vs. Bears

Knicks vs. Heat

Eagles vs. Vikings

Islanders vs.PenguinsP a y - ~ e r - V i e w 125

Bruins vs. MapleLeafs

29

o hr 08 min 36 seco hr . 01 min 17 seco hr 12 min 48 seco hr 10 min 09 seco hr 1 Q ~ i n 26 seco h i ,13 min 3S'seco hr 12 min 44 seco hi 10' min 27 seco hr 06 min 26 seco hr 10 min 20 seco hr 05 m ~ n 15 seco hr 06 min 11 seco hr 06 min 22 seco hr 07 min 44 seco hr 09 min 25 seco hr 11 min 33 sec

'0 hr 12 min 30 se9o hr 07 min 16 secd h t 13 min 00 seco hr 10 min 51 seco hr 07 min 43 seco hr 08 min 51 seco hr 29 min 59 ~ e c o hr 13 min 34 seco hr 20 min 24 secOhr 07 min 15 secOhr 11 min 18 s ~ c o hr 11 min 15 seco hr 09 min 38 seco hr 06 min 42 seco hr 06 min 08 seco hr 07 min 29 sec9 hr 06 min 35 seco hr 06 min 20 sec

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January 3, 2011 WWE Monday Night Raw o hr 13 min 03 seco hr 10 min 58 sec. I

32. Based on my conversations with representat ives of UFC,NFL, NBA, NHL,and WWE, I know that. as o f . J a n u ~ r Y 25, 2011, a l lof the aforementioned events were copyrighted, and tha t thecopyright holders did not. authorize the i r th i rd .par tydis t r ibut ion over the Internet by Channelsurf ing.net .

The. Ilemi.com, Iilemi.com, and I i lemii .com Websites33'. Based on my review of webpagt:s tha t are avai lable a t

the Iiemi".com, . he' Iilemi.com, and Iilemii.com websites, ' I havelearned the' fOllowirig:

a . When an Internet user accesses' the Ilemi.comwebsite, the Iilemi.com website, or the Ii lemii .com website,tha t user i s directed to.a m a i n p ~ g ~ , which i s the same for a l lof the URLs and which'cariy the same IP address. Regardless of: ,', .wJJ:ether the user has, typed. "Ilemi. corn," "Ii lemi. com, " 'o r"Ii lemii . corn" to access the website, the URL displayed by themain page i s always "Ilemi. corn".. (hereafter , the website wil l bereferred to as "I;J!emi"). Ilemi is a "linking" website. When a

. .user accesses the Ilemi.website, the user i s brought to thehomepage, which provi4es l inks t;:.o te levis ion and movie content,as well as daily l ive ~ p o r t i n g events and Pay-Per-View events.In addition, numerous advertisements are displayed in variouslocations of the homepage. (Copies of port ions of the 'Ilemi

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homepage as it appeared on or about January 31, 2011 areattached as Exhibi t E) .

b. On a day-to-day basis , the l inks for s,ome of the.television programs and broadcast channels change very l i t t l e .In fact , the following app.ear to be l i s ted on a c o n s i s t ~ n t , dai ly basis : "Movie Channel," "Canal de Pel iculas ," "ESPN,""ESPN Deportes," "The Office," " H o u s e , ' ~ "MSNBC," "South Park,""Telefe," "UFC Channel," "Poker Channel," "NFL Network." Inaddit ion, a t the top of the homepage, the words "Live Sports

. .Free" appear and five l inks are displayed under these words.Three of those l inks include the word "live" displayedprominently next to the l ink. By select ing one of these l inks ,.the user i s taken to a new Ilemi window, which displays theselected televis ion content or program. Because the content i srunning on a l ive stream from another website, the selected showdoes not s t a r t a t the beginning of the program, but rather runs

tfrom whatever point in the stream the show i s present ly a t . Inaddit ion, advertisements are periodically displayed a t thebottom of the video during the l ive stream; these advertisementsare separate and dis t inc t from any commercials tha t may appearduring the stream of the sporting event broadcast.

c. On or about January 1, 2011, for example, whenagents involved in the invest igat ion selected a l ink for thePay-Per-View event ent i t led "UFC ..:. Resolution 04:00 CET

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, ,

1/1/2011," a new windew epened and the Pay-Per-View breadcast efthat UFC match began to. stream l ive in the windew, the tep efwl:1ich displayed, "ILEMI.COM, Yeu Are Watching UFC 125:Reselutien - UFC PPV." Based en my cenversat iens withrepresentatives ef the UFC, I knew tha t as ef January 1, 2011,th is match was cepyrighted, and the UFC did net autherize, theth i rd party dis t r ibut ionef , tha t Pay-Per-View event ever ' theInternet. by the Ilemi website.

d. Several breadcasting netwerks are also. l i s ted asIl inks en the I lemi websi:te. Fer 'example, eno. r abeut January 6,2011, a t appreximately 2:40 p.m'. EST; when agents invelved inthe invest igat ien selected an MSNBC l ink , 'a l ive stream video.appeared ef the current pregramming that was being played on anautherized breadcast ef MSNBC, en that par t icu la r date a t tha tpart icular t ime. Based en my cenvers 'atiens wi th representativesef MSNBC, I knew that as ef January 6, 2011, MSNBC had ne t .autherized th i rd party dis t r ibu t ien ever the Int 'ernet ef i t sbreadcasts by the Ilemi website.

e. The l inks displayed en the I lemi website fe rvarieus l ive ' sper t ing events, . televisien pregrams, a movie

.' '

channel, and Pay-Per-View events change en a dai ly basis . Thel inks and t imes fe r sperting events are added as the daypregresses . The breadcast times appear to. be' accurate fe r thepregramming en tha t par t icu la r day.

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f . Under the heading "Terms of Service," : the Ileniiwebsite displays the following, among other things: '

We,DC N0.T, host any videos on th i s website.All videos found on our s i t e are foundf reely available around the web on s i tessuch as Jus t in . tv , Ustream. tv ,Se l fcas t ;etc . We. make no guarantees 'or promises inour service and take no l i ab i l i ty for ourusers actions. We are not af f i l i a ted 'norclaim to be af f i l i a ted with any of theC ? w n ~ r s . o f videos/streams played on b 'u rs i t e .All content i s copyright of the i r respect iveowners.We.urge.all copyright owners, to recognizetha t l inks contained within th i s s i te arelocated somewhere else on the web. Theembedded l ink points to the locat ion of thevideo on the ,web:. Please direc t a l l ,copyright infringement ' issues to thecompanies "that host, these f i l e s ( J u s t i n . t v ~ Ustream.tv, Freedocast, e tc . ) .

Also found under the "Terms of Service" header is a sect ionent i t led "Liabi l i t ies , " which s ta tes , in pert inent par t :

The material on the website i s designed to,comply with Swedish law and we cannot be 'held responsible for any non-compliance with,applicable loc;:::c;tl ,laws in any other"ju r isd ic t ion .g. Based on my review of public records, I know that

the Ilemi.com, the Iilemi.com, and the Iilemii.com websites arehosted on a computer assigned the IP address 80.67.12.50, whichis hosted a t an Internet Service Provider in Sweden.

Captures o f Infr ing ing Content Via Ilemi.com34. I have used the Ilemi.com website to stream i l l ega l

te lecas ts of sporting events and/or Pay-Per-View events . Cn or33



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about the dates l i s t ed in the char t below, I personal ly ci ickedon l inks for the below-l i s ted events on the I lemi . com website',and s t r e a m e d p o r t ~ o n s of the se lec ted events in a manner t . h ~ t indicated th.at the ent i re event had been made avai lable ' tousers .

~ " ~ ~ " " December 16, 2010 NBA

December 16, 2010 NFL

Decelllber 16, 2010. NHL


December 19, 2010 WWE

December 28, 2010 N:i3A



January 1 , 2011 UFC

January 3, 2011 NHL

January 3, 2011 WWE

January 4, 2011 NHL

t 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f i l ; K ~ ~ ; ~ : Wizards v s . Nets

4gers v s . Chargers

I s l ander s vs. Ducks

Jaguars vs . Col ts

Pay-Per-View TLC

Knicks v s . Heat

Eagles vs. Vikings

Rangers vs. Devi l s

P a y - P e r ~ V i e w 12 5

Bruins v s . MapleLeafs

Monday Night Raw

Lightning vs .Capi ta l s

34

~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ t ( i : ~ ~ ~ ) " i , q ~ " : : d " ; " ' " 0 h r 05 min 09 sec0 h r 06 min 35 sec0 h r 06 min 40 sec0 h r 05 min 43 sec0 h r 02 min 16 sec0 h r 06 min 24 sec .0 h r 04 min 55 sec0 h r 05 min 29 ,sec0 h r 07 min 09 sec0 h r 08 min 09 sec0 hr 06 min 47 sec0 h r 06 min 12 sec0 h r 06 min 56 sec0 hr 06 min 03 sec0 h r 10 min 32 sec0 hr 09 min 45 sec0 h r 08 min, 43 se.c0 h r 10 min 53 sec0 hr 10 min 05 sec0 h r .07 min '17 sec0 hr 12 min 25 sec0 hr 09 min 37 sec0 hr 08 min 09 sec0 hr 06 min 31 sec0 hr 07 min 20 sec0 hr 06 min 29 sec0 hr 07 min 35 sec0 hr 06 min 51 sec0 hr 08 min 08 sec0 h r 09 min 11 sec0 hr. 08 min 27 sec0 h r 06 min 48 sec0 hr 06 min 18 sec0 hr 07 .min 16 sec .



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January 4, 2011 NBA Spurs vs. Knicks o hr 06 min 15 seco hr 06 min 29 seco hr 06 min 33 seco hr 06 min 41 secJanuary 5, 2011 NBA Nets vs. Bulls o hr 08 min 42 seco hr 05 min 41 seco hr 08 min 51 seco hr 06 min 39 sec

35. Based on my conversations with representat ives of theNFL, NBA,WWE, UFC, and NHL, I know that as of January 25, 2011,a l l of the aforementioned events were copyrighted, and that thecopyright holders did not authorize the i r th i rd par tydistr ibu ' t ion over the In ternet ' by' I lemi. com.

Captures o f Infr inging Content Via Ii lemi, . com36. I have used the Iilemi.com website to stream i l l ega l

te lecas ts of sport ing events and/or Pay-per-View events . On orabout the dates l i s ted in the char t below, I personally clicked.on l inks for the below-listed events on the I i l e m i . c o ~ website,and streamed port ions of the se lec ted events in a manner ' thatindicated tha t the ent i re event had been made 'avai lable tousers .

January 28 , 2011 NBA Knicks vs. Hawks 0 hr 05 min 50 sec0 hr 06 min 33 sec0 hr 06 min 40 sec0 hr '05 min 28 sec

January 28 , 2011 NBA Nets vs. Pacers 0 hr 05 min 18 secJanuary 28 , 2011 NBA Timberwolves vs. 0 hr 06 min 06 secJazz 0 hr 05 min 25 sec0 hr 02 min 57 sec

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January 28, 2011 WWE Friday Night 0 hr 06 min 09 secSmackdown 0 hr 02 min 49 sec0 hr 06 min 06 sec

January 29, 2011 NBA Celtics vs. Suns 0 hr 05 min 40 sec0 hr 07 min 25 sec0 hr 07 min 56 sec0 hr 06 min 20 sec

.\ .

37. Based on my conversations with representat ives of the,NBA and WWE, I know that as of January 29, 2 0 1 . 1 ~ a l l of theaforementioned events were copyrighted, . ~ n d tha t the copyrightholders did not authorize t he i r thir.d party dis t r ibu t ion overthe In ternet by Iilemi.com.

Captures of Infr ing ing Content Via I i lemi i .aom38. I have used the Ii lemii.com w e b s i t ~ , t o stream i l l ega l

te lecas ts of sport ing events and/orPay-per-View events . On orabout the dates l i s ted in the char t below, I ,personallycl iqkedon l inks for the below-lis ted events on the I i l e m i i . c o ~ website,and streamed port ions of the selected events in a m a n n ~ r that. "" , . I .indicated tha t the ent i re event had been made available tousers .

January 28, 2011 NBA

January 28, 2011 NBAJanuary 28, 2011 NBAJanuary 28, 2011 NBA

Knicks vs. Hawks-

Bucks vs: RaptorsNets vs. PacersTimberwolves vs.Jazz

36

Ohr' 06 min 39 sec'o hr 06 min 18 seco hr 07 min 00 seco hr 05 min 55 seco hr 06 min 49 seco hr 05 min 43 seco hr 06 min 06 seco h.r 0.5. min 42 seco hr 03 min 00 sec



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January 28 , 2011 WWE

January 29 , 2011, NBA

Friday NightSmackdown

Cel t ics vs. Suns

o hr 06 min 21 seco hr 02 min 40 seco hr 04 min 19 seco hr 06 min ..02 seco hr 07 min 48 seco hr 07 min 09 seco hr 07 min 00 sec

39. Based on my conversations with representat ives of theNBA and WWE, I know that as of January 29, 2011, a l l of theaforementioned events were copyrighted, and that the copyrightholders did not authorize their . thi rd party dist r ibut ion overthe Internet by Iilemii.com.

The Rojadirecta .org and Rojadirecta.com Websites40. Based 9n my review of webpages that are avai lable a t

the Rojadirecta.org website, I have learned the following:a. When, an Internet user accesses ei ther the

Rojadire.cta.org w e b s ~ t e .or t1;le Rojadirecta.comwebsi te" tha tuser is directed to a main page, which i s the same fo r ei ther ofthe URLs and ~ h i c h carry the same IP address. The,onlydifference in the main page is tha t the URL wil l ei ther display\\Roj adirecta . org" or \\Roj adirecta. com''', in the address bar,

, (depending solely on which name the user typed to access the"website (hereafter, the website wil l be referred to as\ \Rojadirecta"). Rojadirecta i s a \\linking" website. Thewebsite provides l inks to dai ly l ive sporting events and'pay-Per-View events, as well' as downloadable sporting events or Pay-

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Per-View events tha t were previously aired. The homepagedisplays three general categories of l inks tha t may be employedfor viewing: (1) "Today On Internet TV"; (2) "Download Last FullMatches"; and (3) "Last Video Highlights." Links for dai lysporting events are displayed under the "Today On Internet TV" .category header. (A copy of the Rojadirecta homepage as itappeared on or about January 31, 2011 is attached ' as Exhibit F).

b. The l inks displayed for various l ive sportingevents and Pay-Per-View events change on a dai ly bas i s . Thel inks for sport ing events are added as the day progresses and anevent ' s s ta r t ing time draws closer . The sport ing events andt he i r s ta r t ing times correspond to individual leagues ' of f i c i a levents and s tar t ing t imes.

c. After select ing an indiviqual l ink, ' the user istaken to a new Roj adirecta . org window, . which displays' t he selected program. Because the content i s running on a l ivestream from another website, the selected show does not s t a r t a tthe beginning of the program, but ra ther runs from whateverpoint in the stream the shC?w is presently a t . AdvertisementsaJ;e per iodical ly ' displayed a t the bottom of the video during thel ive stream; these advertisements are separate and di s t inc t fromany commercials that may appear during the stream of thesporting event broadcast.

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d. On or about January 12, 2011, a t approximately8:41 p.m., when agents par t ic ipat ing in the invest igat ionselected the l ink for "7:30 p.m. Hockey (NHL): Pit tsburgh ....Montreal," agents were given the opt ion of several dif fe ren tl inks to choose for . tha t individual sport ing event . The l inks.displayed the type of l ink, t1::le name of the broadcasting . ' s ta tion(e.g. , "ESPN"), the language, .and the type6f ' In ternet player .Once a specif ic l ink option was selected, the agents werebrought to a new Rojadirecta webpage,and the l ive'NHL broadcastof the PittE;!burghPenguins vs. -Montreal Canadians hockey gamebegan. The broadcast. was .shown in rea l time and was the samebroadcast as the authorized.broadcast of tha t same event . Basedon my conversations with representatives of the NHL; I know thatas of January 12, 2011, th e NHL had not authorized th i rd par tydis tr ibut ion over the Internet of i t s broadc'asts by Rojadirecta.

e. According to Alexa.com, as of on or about January27, 2011, the Rojadirecta .org website was the 2,380th mostpopular website, in the world and the 119th most popular websitein Spain. According to


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in the world and the 109th most popular website in Spain.According to Compete. com, the ntimberof monthly unique' vis i torsto Rojadirecta.com has increased from'67,476 in or aboutFebruary 2010 to 99,316 in or about, November 2010.

g. Based on. my review of public reco"rds,' I know that 'the Rojadirecta.org and Rojadirecta.com websites are 'hosted on acomputer assigned the IP address 67.212.67.250, which is hosteda t an Internet Service 'Provider in Canada.

Captures o f Infr inging Content Via Roiad i rec ta .org.41. . I have,. used the RojCj.directa.org website to stream

i l l egal tel,ecasts of sporting 'events and/or Pay-Per-View events'.., .On or about the dates l i s t ed . in the chart below, I personally. clicked on liriks fo r the below-lis ted events on the

Roj Cidirecta. org webs,ite , and streamed portions' of the selectedevents in a manner tha t indicated tha t the ent i re event had beenmC).de available" to users .

December 19 , 20.10. NFL . ~ e t s v:s. s teelers 0. hr 10. min 2S'sec0. hr 0.8 min 21 sec0. hr 0.8' min D7'sec.0. hr 0.9 min 58 sec

December 19 " 20.10. WWE P a y ~ P e r - V i e w TLC 0. hr ' 0.6 "m ~ n 35 sec0. hr 0.5 min 57 sec

December 20., 20.10. NFL Bears' "vs. v'ikings 0. hr 0.6 min 34 sec0. hr 0.9 min 47 sec0. hr 0.4 min 36 sec0. hr 0.8 min 29 sec

December 2'8, 20.10. NBA Knicks vs. Heat 0. hr 0.7 min 45 sec0. hr 0.9 min 46 sec0. hr 0.6 'inin 13 s'ec

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: l R ~ # : ~ : ; ~ : " ; ( ~ ; '. ; ; l ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ' i t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ , ~ s g ~ ; ~ , : '

December 28, 2010 NFL Eagles vs. vikings 0 hr 10 min 09 sec0 hr 12 min 56 sec0 h r 13 min 08 secDecember 29, 2010 NHL Is landers vs. 0 hr 07 min 10 secPenguins 0 hr 06 min 16 sec0 hr 07 min 31 secJanuary 3, 2011 NHL Bruins vs. Maple 0 hr 10 min 19 secLeafs 0 hr 07 min 09 sec0 hr 06 mi n 20 secJanuary 3, 2011 WWE Monday Night Raw 0 hr 10 min, 17 sec0 hr 06 min 52 secJanuary 4, 2011 NHL Lightning vs. 0 hr 06 mi n 48 secCapitals 0 hr 06 min 18 sec0 hr 07 mi n 16 secJanuary 4, 2011 NBA Spurs vs. Knicks 0 hr 06 min 45 sec0 hr 06 min 34 sec0 hI:' 07 min 13 sec0 hr 07 min 53 secJanuary 5, 20i1 NBA Bucks vs. Magic 0 hr 06 min 48 sec0 hr 07 min 48 sec'0 hr 06 min 11 sec0 hr 08 min 06 sec

42. Based on my conversations with representa t ives of theNFL, NBA,NHL, and WWE, I know tha t as of January 25, 2011" a l lof , the aforementioned events,were copyrighted, and tha t thecopyright holders did not ,authorize t he i r th i rd partydis tr ibut ion over the In ternet by Rojadirecta.org.

Captures o f Infr inging Content Via Rojadirec ta .com43. I have used the Rojadirecta.com website to stream

i l lega l . te lecas ts of sporting events and/or, Pay-Per-View events.On or about the dates l i s t ed in the char t below, I personallycl icked on l inks for the below-lis ted events on Rojadirecta, andstreamed port ions of the selected events in a manner tha t

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indicated tha t the entire event had been made available to ,

united states v. rojadirecta.org and rojadirecta.com - declaration of christopher d. frey

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