United States Soybean Quality

Dr Jill Miller-Garvin and Dr Seth L Naeve

Annual Report 2016 Prepared for the US Soybean Export Council (USSEC) US Soy Outlook Conferences

November 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2016 Quality Report 1

References 7

Figure 1 US Soybean Planting and Harvest Progress 8

Figure 2 US Soybean Corn Wheat Planted Hectares 9

Figure 3 US Protein and Oil StateRegional Summaryhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip10

Table 1 Production Data for the United States 2016 Crop 11

Table 2 Quality Survey Protein amp Oil Data 12

Table 3 Quality Survey Seed Data 13

Table 4 Quality Survey Amino Acid Data 14

Table 5 Historical Summary of Yield amp Quality Data - US Soybeans 15

Contact Information 16

QUALITY REPORT 2016

1

SUMMARY The US Soy Family which includes the American Soybean Association United Soybean Board

and US Soybean Export Council has supported a survey of the quality of the US soybean crop

since 1986 This survey is intended to provide new crop quality data to aid international

customers with their purchasing decisions

2016 ACREAGE YIELDS AND TOTAL PRODUCTION According to the October 2016 United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural

Statistics Service (USDA-NASS) Crop Production report area harvested and yields will both

increase from 2015 The total US soybean harvested area increased by 16 to 336 million

hectares compared to 2015 (Table 1) Average yield increased 9 to 35 MT per hectare

Together increased yields and area harvested will result in a US crop that is almost 8 higher

than the record 2014 crop The USDA expects the US crop to be 1163 million MT At the

time of writing this report (November 1) we expect the November 9 Crop Production report

to forecast even higher yields

QUALITY OF THE 2016 US SOYBEAN CROP Sample kits were mailed to 5228 producers that were selected based on total land devoted

to soybean production in each state so that response distribution would closely match that

of soybean production By 24 October 2016 1320 samples were received These were

analyzed for protein oil and amino acid concentration by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)

using a Perten DA7250 diode array instrument (Huddinge Sweden) equipped with calibration

equations developed by the University of Minnesota in cooperation with Perten Regional

and national average quality values were determined by computing weighted averages using

state and regional soybean production data so that average values best represent the crop as

a whole Results are in Tables 2 through 5

QUALITY REPORT 2016

2

INTERPRETATION OF PROTEIN AND OIL RESULTS Overall when compared with the extraordinarily high quality 2015 crop protein and oil

concentrations noted in the 2016 crop were quite good (Table 2) Average protein

concentration increased very slightly while oil concentrations were off by one half percentage

point when compared with 2015 Although oil receded the 2016 crop appears to produce on

average oil concentration at the second highest level in the previous 10 years and was one

half percentage point higher than the average of the previous 10 years Protein was 03

percentage points lower than the previous 10-year average Compared with the long-term

average (1986-2015) 2016 US soybeans were 07 of a point lower in protein but 06

percentage points higher in oil

The high oil levels noted again in 2016 should allow soybean processors to simultaneously

achieve both good soybean oil yields and reasonable protein concentrations in the resulting

soybean meal

Protein and oil concentrations were unusually consistent across the US in 2015 The current

year returns to a more normal variability in both protein and oil Western Corn Belt states are

expected to produce more than half of the total US soybean volume and are therefore

primary drivers of average US protein and oil values Western Corn Belt states had average

protein and oil concentrations that were 04 and 02 points lower respectively than the US

average Protein in Iowa and Missouri decreased by 03 points from 2015 to 2016 and oil

concentrations in Minnesota and North Dakota decreased by 10 and 08 points respectively

Protein and oil concentrations in the Eastern Corn Belt were both higher than the national

average Together the Eastern Corn Belt states also fared a bit better with an increased

protein concentration but an equal decrease (03 points) in oil compared to 2015 Protein

increased in all states in the Eastern Corn Belt Oil was reduced by 04 points in Michigan

Ohio and Wisconsin compared to 2015

QUALITY REPORT 2016

3

As is often noted Midsouth states had protein and oil concentrations that were higher than

the national average this year protein and oil were 08 and 04 points greater Compared

with 2015 the region saw protein increase by 06 and oil decrease by 05 points These

changes were fairly uniformly distributed across the region with Arkansas and Mississippi

increasing protein by 05 points each and decreasing oil by 06 and 04 each respectively

Likely due to frequent rainfall through the early harvest period in the majority of soybean-

producing states the incoming moisture of 2016 samples (124) was higher than the 2015

value at 116 Although average incoming moisture was higher in 2016 than in the previous

year there was less variability in the data Samples with moisture above 13 could be found

in all major soybean-producing states

INTERPRETATION OF SEED SIZE AND FOREIGN MATERIAL RESULTS While seed size may not be important for most commodity soybean purchasers seed size

does provide some insight into the environmental conditions present during the production

season In general environmental stresses such as drought in the early seed-filling period

(late July and early August) tend to reduce the number of seeds on individual plants if

conditions return to normal these remaining seeds can expand resulting in larger than

average seed size Alternatively stresses at the end of the seed-filling period (late August

through September) reduce the energy available for each seed and seed size may be smaller

than average Average seed size increased from 158 grams per 100 seeds in 2015 to 163 in

2016 (Table 3) As is normally noted when there are hot conditions during the latter part of

the growing season seed size was smallest in the Midsouth and Southeast regions States in

the Eastern Corn Belt produced larger seeds on average as is the long-term trend North

and South Dakota had exceptionally large soybeans due to late season rainfall with above

average temperatures Missouri and Arkansas produced soybeans with relatively small seed

size for their respective regions due to excess rainfall during the later stages of seed filling

QUALITY REPORT 2016

4

The distribution of rainfall is the single most important driver of soybean yields in the US In

northern ranges of US soybean production yields can be constrained by excess early-season

rainfall andor limited rainfall during seed filling However in the south US late summer

rainfall can lead to greatly increased disease pressure that can reduce seed size and yields

Foreign material (FM) found in 2016 US samples was on average very low at 01 with

regional averages ranging from 01 to 03 Of the 1320 samples 983 of them (1298

samples) had FM values below 1 13 (17 samples) had 1-2 FM and only 04 of them (5

samples) had gt2 FM

AMINO ACIDS Amino acids are the ldquobuilding blockrdquo organic compounds linked in various combinations to

form unique proteins In human diets amino acids are supplied by the variety of plant and

animal proteins ingested In animal feed amino acids come from feed proteins such as

soybean meal and possibly from synthetic amino acid supplements Soybean meal is the

major feed protein source in poultry swine and cultured fish diets because of its high

nutritional quality including its balanced amino acid profile Optimal animal performance

occurs when the feed protein contains an ideal amount and proportion of all essential amino

acids (those amino acids which cannot be produced by animals) ndash this is an ldquoideal proteinrdquo

In a recent study Ravindran et al (2014) found crude protein to be a poor predictor of overall

feed quality of soybean meal In a comparison of soybean meal from US and other origins

US soybean meal had lower protein content than Brazilian soybean meal but better quality

of protein ndash higher concentrations of essential amino acids (Park and Hurburgh 2002 Thakur

and Hurburgh 2007 Bootwalla 2009) In whole soybeans lower crude protein beans have a

higher proportion of the five most critical essential amino acids (lysine cysteine methionine

threonine and tryptophan) indicating that meal made from those soybeans will likely be of

QUALITY REPORT 2016

5

higher feed quality for a given feed ration than meal made from higher crude protein

soybeans (Thakur and Hurburgh 2007 Medic et al 2014 Naeve unpublished data)

In 2016 amino acid results varied a bit by state and region Lysine (expressed as a percent of

the 18 primary amino acids) (Table 4) tended to be highest in the Western Corn Belt and

lowest in the Midsouth There were similar regional differences in the sum of the five most

limiting amino acids (also known as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and

tryptophan with the WCB at 146 ECB MDS and EC at 144 and SE at 145 Regional

differences alone do not fully explain amino acid concentration differences in the samples

when we evaluated the samples based on protein level rather than region we found that the

protein in lower protein samples is more concentrated in the five critical amino acids than

is the protein in higher protein samples Thus protein concentration differences may

account for much of the amino acid concentration differences across regions rather than

region per se The higher concentration of critical limiting amino acids is a key differentiation

of US soybeans over those from Brazil (Naeve unpublished) We support complete and

independent analysis of soybeans soybean meal and feeds throughout the value chain to

ensure that the end user has access to the highest quality feed not based on protein alone

but the full quality package that includes amino acid balance energy and more

WEATHER AND CROP SUMMARY Planting Average temperatures in the Midwest were above normal and precipitation varied

even within states Areas in parts of MI MO the Ohio Valley (OH IN IL WV PA and KY) and

western IA experienced above normal precipitation while parts of MN eastern IA MO and IL

were drier than normal early in the season Higher than average rainfall erased the early-

season drought in the central and southern Plains In the Midwest overall weather was

generally favorable for planting planting was mostly complete by early June and was ahead

of the 5-year average in most soybean-producing states

QUALITY REPORT 2016

6

Mid-Season The entire US experienced its warmest June on record Average minimum

temperatures were in the top 10 warmest for all Midwestern states except MN Rainfall in

early July broke records in MO IL IN and KY July rainfall in the Midwestern states of MN

WI KY IN IL and MI ranked in the top 10 wettest Ohio rainfall was well below normal for

July and August and the Southeast experienced significant drought conditions all season By

the end of August 94 of the US soybeans were at or beyond pod setting stage well ahead

of average

Harvest The Midwest experienced its 7th warmest September since 1895 and above average

temperatures continued through October Widespread flooding occurred in the first part of

September in IA MN and WI but some states in the region were below normal for rainfall

By the end of October more than three-quarters of the nations soybean crop was harvested

slower than last year but on par with the 5-year average

Overall weather during the 2016 growing season was generally wetter and warmer than

normal in most primary soybean-producing states

Weather Figure 1

QUALITY REPORT 2016

7

REFERENCES

Bootwalla S 2009 Apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid variation in soybean meal and its implication on feed formulation American Soybean Association Technical Bulletin AN38 Bootwalla pdf Available at ltwwwasaimseacomindexphplanguage=enampscreenname=_docs_TechnicalBulletins|AnimalNutritiongt Federal Grain Inspection Service 2004 Test Weight In Grain Inspection Handbook II (Chapter 10) Washington DC USDA-GIPSA-FGIS Medic J C Atkinson and CR Hurburgh Jr 2014 Current knowledge in soybean composition J Am Oil Chem Soc 91(3)363-384 Midwest Climate Watch 2016 Available at ltmccswsuiuceducliwatchwatchhtmgt National Agricultural Statistics Service NASS 2016 Available at ltnassusdagovgt Park HS and CR Hurburgh 2002 Improving the US position in world soybean meal trade MATRIC working paper 02-MWP7 Available at ltwwwcardiastateedupublicationsDBSPDFFiles02mwp7pdfgt

Ravindran V MR Abdollahi and SM Bootwalla 2014 Nutrient analysis metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids of soybean meals of different origins for broilers Poultry Sci 932567-2577 Thakur M and CR Hurburgh 2007 Quality of US soybean meal compared to the quality of soybean meal from other origins J Am Oil Chem Soc 84835-843 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 2016 Jointly prepared by the US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Available at ltusdagovoceweatherpubsWeeklyWwcbgt

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2016 Quality Report 1

References 7

Figure 1 US Soybean Planting and Harvest Progress 8

Figure 2 US Soybean Corn Wheat Planted Hectares 9

Figure 3 US Protein and Oil StateRegional Summaryhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip10

Table 1 Production Data for the United States 2016 Crop 11

Table 2 Quality Survey Protein amp Oil Data 12

Table 3 Quality Survey Seed Data 13

Table 4 Quality Survey Amino Acid Data 14

Table 5 Historical Summary of Yield amp Quality Data - US Soybeans 15

Contact Information 16

QUALITY REPORT 2016

1

SUMMARY The US Soy Family which includes the American Soybean Association United Soybean Board

and US Soybean Export Council has supported a survey of the quality of the US soybean crop

since 1986 This survey is intended to provide new crop quality data to aid international

customers with their purchasing decisions

2016 ACREAGE YIELDS AND TOTAL PRODUCTION According to the October 2016 United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural

Statistics Service (USDA-NASS) Crop Production report area harvested and yields will both

increase from 2015 The total US soybean harvested area increased by 16 to 336 million

hectares compared to 2015 (Table 1) Average yield increased 9 to 35 MT per hectare

Together increased yields and area harvested will result in a US crop that is almost 8 higher

than the record 2014 crop The USDA expects the US crop to be 1163 million MT At the

time of writing this report (November 1) we expect the November 9 Crop Production report

to forecast even higher yields

QUALITY OF THE 2016 US SOYBEAN CROP Sample kits were mailed to 5228 producers that were selected based on total land devoted

to soybean production in each state so that response distribution would closely match that

of soybean production By 24 October 2016 1320 samples were received These were

analyzed for protein oil and amino acid concentration by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)

using a Perten DA7250 diode array instrument (Huddinge Sweden) equipped with calibration

equations developed by the University of Minnesota in cooperation with Perten Regional

and national average quality values were determined by computing weighted averages using

state and regional soybean production data so that average values best represent the crop as

a whole Results are in Tables 2 through 5

QUALITY REPORT 2016

2

INTERPRETATION OF PROTEIN AND OIL RESULTS Overall when compared with the extraordinarily high quality 2015 crop protein and oil

concentrations noted in the 2016 crop were quite good (Table 2) Average protein

concentration increased very slightly while oil concentrations were off by one half percentage

point when compared with 2015 Although oil receded the 2016 crop appears to produce on

average oil concentration at the second highest level in the previous 10 years and was one

half percentage point higher than the average of the previous 10 years Protein was 03

percentage points lower than the previous 10-year average Compared with the long-term

average (1986-2015) 2016 US soybeans were 07 of a point lower in protein but 06

percentage points higher in oil

The high oil levels noted again in 2016 should allow soybean processors to simultaneously

achieve both good soybean oil yields and reasonable protein concentrations in the resulting

soybean meal

Protein and oil concentrations were unusually consistent across the US in 2015 The current

year returns to a more normal variability in both protein and oil Western Corn Belt states are

expected to produce more than half of the total US soybean volume and are therefore

primary drivers of average US protein and oil values Western Corn Belt states had average

protein and oil concentrations that were 04 and 02 points lower respectively than the US

average Protein in Iowa and Missouri decreased by 03 points from 2015 to 2016 and oil

concentrations in Minnesota and North Dakota decreased by 10 and 08 points respectively

Protein and oil concentrations in the Eastern Corn Belt were both higher than the national

average Together the Eastern Corn Belt states also fared a bit better with an increased

protein concentration but an equal decrease (03 points) in oil compared to 2015 Protein

increased in all states in the Eastern Corn Belt Oil was reduced by 04 points in Michigan

Ohio and Wisconsin compared to 2015

QUALITY REPORT 2016

3

As is often noted Midsouth states had protein and oil concentrations that were higher than

the national average this year protein and oil were 08 and 04 points greater Compared

with 2015 the region saw protein increase by 06 and oil decrease by 05 points These

changes were fairly uniformly distributed across the region with Arkansas and Mississippi

increasing protein by 05 points each and decreasing oil by 06 and 04 each respectively

Likely due to frequent rainfall through the early harvest period in the majority of soybean-

producing states the incoming moisture of 2016 samples (124) was higher than the 2015

value at 116 Although average incoming moisture was higher in 2016 than in the previous

year there was less variability in the data Samples with moisture above 13 could be found

in all major soybean-producing states

INTERPRETATION OF SEED SIZE AND FOREIGN MATERIAL RESULTS While seed size may not be important for most commodity soybean purchasers seed size

does provide some insight into the environmental conditions present during the production

season In general environmental stresses such as drought in the early seed-filling period

(late July and early August) tend to reduce the number of seeds on individual plants if

conditions return to normal these remaining seeds can expand resulting in larger than

average seed size Alternatively stresses at the end of the seed-filling period (late August

through September) reduce the energy available for each seed and seed size may be smaller

than average Average seed size increased from 158 grams per 100 seeds in 2015 to 163 in

2016 (Table 3) As is normally noted when there are hot conditions during the latter part of

the growing season seed size was smallest in the Midsouth and Southeast regions States in

the Eastern Corn Belt produced larger seeds on average as is the long-term trend North

and South Dakota had exceptionally large soybeans due to late season rainfall with above

average temperatures Missouri and Arkansas produced soybeans with relatively small seed

size for their respective regions due to excess rainfall during the later stages of seed filling

QUALITY REPORT 2016

4

The distribution of rainfall is the single most important driver of soybean yields in the US In

northern ranges of US soybean production yields can be constrained by excess early-season

rainfall andor limited rainfall during seed filling However in the south US late summer

rainfall can lead to greatly increased disease pressure that can reduce seed size and yields

Foreign material (FM) found in 2016 US samples was on average very low at 01 with

regional averages ranging from 01 to 03 Of the 1320 samples 983 of them (1298

samples) had FM values below 1 13 (17 samples) had 1-2 FM and only 04 of them (5

samples) had gt2 FM

AMINO ACIDS Amino acids are the ldquobuilding blockrdquo organic compounds linked in various combinations to

form unique proteins In human diets amino acids are supplied by the variety of plant and

animal proteins ingested In animal feed amino acids come from feed proteins such as

soybean meal and possibly from synthetic amino acid supplements Soybean meal is the

major feed protein source in poultry swine and cultured fish diets because of its high

nutritional quality including its balanced amino acid profile Optimal animal performance

occurs when the feed protein contains an ideal amount and proportion of all essential amino

acids (those amino acids which cannot be produced by animals) ndash this is an ldquoideal proteinrdquo

In a recent study Ravindran et al (2014) found crude protein to be a poor predictor of overall

feed quality of soybean meal In a comparison of soybean meal from US and other origins

US soybean meal had lower protein content than Brazilian soybean meal but better quality

of protein ndash higher concentrations of essential amino acids (Park and Hurburgh 2002 Thakur

and Hurburgh 2007 Bootwalla 2009) In whole soybeans lower crude protein beans have a

higher proportion of the five most critical essential amino acids (lysine cysteine methionine

threonine and tryptophan) indicating that meal made from those soybeans will likely be of

QUALITY REPORT 2016

5

higher feed quality for a given feed ration than meal made from higher crude protein

soybeans (Thakur and Hurburgh 2007 Medic et al 2014 Naeve unpublished data)

In 2016 amino acid results varied a bit by state and region Lysine (expressed as a percent of

the 18 primary amino acids) (Table 4) tended to be highest in the Western Corn Belt and

lowest in the Midsouth There were similar regional differences in the sum of the five most

limiting amino acids (also known as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and

tryptophan with the WCB at 146 ECB MDS and EC at 144 and SE at 145 Regional

differences alone do not fully explain amino acid concentration differences in the samples

when we evaluated the samples based on protein level rather than region we found that the

protein in lower protein samples is more concentrated in the five critical amino acids than

is the protein in higher protein samples Thus protein concentration differences may

account for much of the amino acid concentration differences across regions rather than

region per se The higher concentration of critical limiting amino acids is a key differentiation

of US soybeans over those from Brazil (Naeve unpublished) We support complete and

independent analysis of soybeans soybean meal and feeds throughout the value chain to

ensure that the end user has access to the highest quality feed not based on protein alone

but the full quality package that includes amino acid balance energy and more

WEATHER AND CROP SUMMARY Planting Average temperatures in the Midwest were above normal and precipitation varied

even within states Areas in parts of MI MO the Ohio Valley (OH IN IL WV PA and KY) and

western IA experienced above normal precipitation while parts of MN eastern IA MO and IL

were drier than normal early in the season Higher than average rainfall erased the early-

season drought in the central and southern Plains In the Midwest overall weather was

generally favorable for planting planting was mostly complete by early June and was ahead

of the 5-year average in most soybean-producing states

QUALITY REPORT 2016

6

Mid-Season The entire US experienced its warmest June on record Average minimum

temperatures were in the top 10 warmest for all Midwestern states except MN Rainfall in

early July broke records in MO IL IN and KY July rainfall in the Midwestern states of MN

WI KY IN IL and MI ranked in the top 10 wettest Ohio rainfall was well below normal for

July and August and the Southeast experienced significant drought conditions all season By

the end of August 94 of the US soybeans were at or beyond pod setting stage well ahead

of average

Harvest The Midwest experienced its 7th warmest September since 1895 and above average

temperatures continued through October Widespread flooding occurred in the first part of

September in IA MN and WI but some states in the region were below normal for rainfall

By the end of October more than three-quarters of the nations soybean crop was harvested

slower than last year but on par with the 5-year average

Overall weather during the 2016 growing season was generally wetter and warmer than

normal in most primary soybean-producing states

Weather Figure 1

QUALITY REPORT 2016

7

REFERENCES

Bootwalla S 2009 Apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid variation in soybean meal and its implication on feed formulation American Soybean Association Technical Bulletin AN38 Bootwalla pdf Available at ltwwwasaimseacomindexphplanguage=enampscreenname=_docs_TechnicalBulletins|AnimalNutritiongt Federal Grain Inspection Service 2004 Test Weight In Grain Inspection Handbook II (Chapter 10) Washington DC USDA-GIPSA-FGIS Medic J C Atkinson and CR Hurburgh Jr 2014 Current knowledge in soybean composition J Am Oil Chem Soc 91(3)363-384 Midwest Climate Watch 2016 Available at ltmccswsuiuceducliwatchwatchhtmgt National Agricultural Statistics Service NASS 2016 Available at ltnassusdagovgt Park HS and CR Hurburgh 2002 Improving the US position in world soybean meal trade MATRIC working paper 02-MWP7 Available at ltwwwcardiastateedupublicationsDBSPDFFiles02mwp7pdfgt

Ravindran V MR Abdollahi and SM Bootwalla 2014 Nutrient analysis metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids of soybean meals of different origins for broilers Poultry Sci 932567-2577 Thakur M and CR Hurburgh 2007 Quality of US soybean meal compared to the quality of soybean meal from other origins J Am Oil Chem Soc 84835-843 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 2016 Jointly prepared by the US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Available at ltusdagovoceweatherpubsWeeklyWwcbgt

QUALITY REPORT 2016

1

SUMMARY The US Soy Family which includes the American Soybean Association United Soybean Board

and US Soybean Export Council has supported a survey of the quality of the US soybean crop

since 1986 This survey is intended to provide new crop quality data to aid international

customers with their purchasing decisions

2016 ACREAGE YIELDS AND TOTAL PRODUCTION According to the October 2016 United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural

Statistics Service (USDA-NASS) Crop Production report area harvested and yields will both

increase from 2015 The total US soybean harvested area increased by 16 to 336 million

hectares compared to 2015 (Table 1) Average yield increased 9 to 35 MT per hectare

Together increased yields and area harvested will result in a US crop that is almost 8 higher

than the record 2014 crop The USDA expects the US crop to be 1163 million MT At the

time of writing this report (November 1) we expect the November 9 Crop Production report

to forecast even higher yields

QUALITY OF THE 2016 US SOYBEAN CROP Sample kits were mailed to 5228 producers that were selected based on total land devoted

to soybean production in each state so that response distribution would closely match that

of soybean production By 24 October 2016 1320 samples were received These were

analyzed for protein oil and amino acid concentration by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)

using a Perten DA7250 diode array instrument (Huddinge Sweden) equipped with calibration

equations developed by the University of Minnesota in cooperation with Perten Regional

and national average quality values were determined by computing weighted averages using

state and regional soybean production data so that average values best represent the crop as

a whole Results are in Tables 2 through 5

QUALITY REPORT 2016

2

INTERPRETATION OF PROTEIN AND OIL RESULTS Overall when compared with the extraordinarily high quality 2015 crop protein and oil

concentrations noted in the 2016 crop were quite good (Table 2) Average protein

concentration increased very slightly while oil concentrations were off by one half percentage

point when compared with 2015 Although oil receded the 2016 crop appears to produce on

average oil concentration at the second highest level in the previous 10 years and was one

half percentage point higher than the average of the previous 10 years Protein was 03

percentage points lower than the previous 10-year average Compared with the long-term

average (1986-2015) 2016 US soybeans were 07 of a point lower in protein but 06

percentage points higher in oil

The high oil levels noted again in 2016 should allow soybean processors to simultaneously

achieve both good soybean oil yields and reasonable protein concentrations in the resulting

soybean meal

Protein and oil concentrations were unusually consistent across the US in 2015 The current

year returns to a more normal variability in both protein and oil Western Corn Belt states are

expected to produce more than half of the total US soybean volume and are therefore

primary drivers of average US protein and oil values Western Corn Belt states had average

protein and oil concentrations that were 04 and 02 points lower respectively than the US

average Protein in Iowa and Missouri decreased by 03 points from 2015 to 2016 and oil

concentrations in Minnesota and North Dakota decreased by 10 and 08 points respectively

Protein and oil concentrations in the Eastern Corn Belt were both higher than the national

average Together the Eastern Corn Belt states also fared a bit better with an increased

protein concentration but an equal decrease (03 points) in oil compared to 2015 Protein

increased in all states in the Eastern Corn Belt Oil was reduced by 04 points in Michigan

Ohio and Wisconsin compared to 2015

QUALITY REPORT 2016

3

As is often noted Midsouth states had protein and oil concentrations that were higher than

the national average this year protein and oil were 08 and 04 points greater Compared

with 2015 the region saw protein increase by 06 and oil decrease by 05 points These

changes were fairly uniformly distributed across the region with Arkansas and Mississippi

increasing protein by 05 points each and decreasing oil by 06 and 04 each respectively

Likely due to frequent rainfall through the early harvest period in the majority of soybean-

producing states the incoming moisture of 2016 samples (124) was higher than the 2015

value at 116 Although average incoming moisture was higher in 2016 than in the previous

year there was less variability in the data Samples with moisture above 13 could be found

in all major soybean-producing states

INTERPRETATION OF SEED SIZE AND FOREIGN MATERIAL RESULTS While seed size may not be important for most commodity soybean purchasers seed size

does provide some insight into the environmental conditions present during the production

season In general environmental stresses such as drought in the early seed-filling period

(late July and early August) tend to reduce the number of seeds on individual plants if

conditions return to normal these remaining seeds can expand resulting in larger than

average seed size Alternatively stresses at the end of the seed-filling period (late August

through September) reduce the energy available for each seed and seed size may be smaller

than average Average seed size increased from 158 grams per 100 seeds in 2015 to 163 in

2016 (Table 3) As is normally noted when there are hot conditions during the latter part of

the growing season seed size was smallest in the Midsouth and Southeast regions States in

the Eastern Corn Belt produced larger seeds on average as is the long-term trend North

and South Dakota had exceptionally large soybeans due to late season rainfall with above

average temperatures Missouri and Arkansas produced soybeans with relatively small seed

size for their respective regions due to excess rainfall during the later stages of seed filling

QUALITY REPORT 2016

4

The distribution of rainfall is the single most important driver of soybean yields in the US In

northern ranges of US soybean production yields can be constrained by excess early-season

rainfall andor limited rainfall during seed filling However in the south US late summer

rainfall can lead to greatly increased disease pressure that can reduce seed size and yields

Foreign material (FM) found in 2016 US samples was on average very low at 01 with

regional averages ranging from 01 to 03 Of the 1320 samples 983 of them (1298

samples) had FM values below 1 13 (17 samples) had 1-2 FM and only 04 of them (5

samples) had gt2 FM

AMINO ACIDS Amino acids are the ldquobuilding blockrdquo organic compounds linked in various combinations to

form unique proteins In human diets amino acids are supplied by the variety of plant and

animal proteins ingested In animal feed amino acids come from feed proteins such as

soybean meal and possibly from synthetic amino acid supplements Soybean meal is the

major feed protein source in poultry swine and cultured fish diets because of its high

nutritional quality including its balanced amino acid profile Optimal animal performance

occurs when the feed protein contains an ideal amount and proportion of all essential amino

acids (those amino acids which cannot be produced by animals) ndash this is an ldquoideal proteinrdquo

In a recent study Ravindran et al (2014) found crude protein to be a poor predictor of overall

feed quality of soybean meal In a comparison of soybean meal from US and other origins

US soybean meal had lower protein content than Brazilian soybean meal but better quality

of protein ndash higher concentrations of essential amino acids (Park and Hurburgh 2002 Thakur

and Hurburgh 2007 Bootwalla 2009) In whole soybeans lower crude protein beans have a

higher proportion of the five most critical essential amino acids (lysine cysteine methionine

threonine and tryptophan) indicating that meal made from those soybeans will likely be of

QUALITY REPORT 2016

5

higher feed quality for a given feed ration than meal made from higher crude protein

soybeans (Thakur and Hurburgh 2007 Medic et al 2014 Naeve unpublished data)

In 2016 amino acid results varied a bit by state and region Lysine (expressed as a percent of

the 18 primary amino acids) (Table 4) tended to be highest in the Western Corn Belt and

lowest in the Midsouth There were similar regional differences in the sum of the five most

limiting amino acids (also known as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and

tryptophan with the WCB at 146 ECB MDS and EC at 144 and SE at 145 Regional

differences alone do not fully explain amino acid concentration differences in the samples

when we evaluated the samples based on protein level rather than region we found that the

protein in lower protein samples is more concentrated in the five critical amino acids than

is the protein in higher protein samples Thus protein concentration differences may

account for much of the amino acid concentration differences across regions rather than

region per se The higher concentration of critical limiting amino acids is a key differentiation

of US soybeans over those from Brazil (Naeve unpublished) We support complete and

independent analysis of soybeans soybean meal and feeds throughout the value chain to

ensure that the end user has access to the highest quality feed not based on protein alone

but the full quality package that includes amino acid balance energy and more

WEATHER AND CROP SUMMARY Planting Average temperatures in the Midwest were above normal and precipitation varied

even within states Areas in parts of MI MO the Ohio Valley (OH IN IL WV PA and KY) and

western IA experienced above normal precipitation while parts of MN eastern IA MO and IL

were drier than normal early in the season Higher than average rainfall erased the early-

season drought in the central and southern Plains In the Midwest overall weather was

generally favorable for planting planting was mostly complete by early June and was ahead

of the 5-year average in most soybean-producing states

QUALITY REPORT 2016

6

Mid-Season The entire US experienced its warmest June on record Average minimum

temperatures were in the top 10 warmest for all Midwestern states except MN Rainfall in

early July broke records in MO IL IN and KY July rainfall in the Midwestern states of MN

WI KY IN IL and MI ranked in the top 10 wettest Ohio rainfall was well below normal for

July and August and the Southeast experienced significant drought conditions all season By

the end of August 94 of the US soybeans were at or beyond pod setting stage well ahead

of average

Harvest The Midwest experienced its 7th warmest September since 1895 and above average

temperatures continued through October Widespread flooding occurred in the first part of

September in IA MN and WI but some states in the region were below normal for rainfall

By the end of October more than three-quarters of the nations soybean crop was harvested

slower than last year but on par with the 5-year average

Overall weather during the 2016 growing season was generally wetter and warmer than

normal in most primary soybean-producing states

Weather Figure 1

QUALITY REPORT 2016

7

REFERENCES

Bootwalla S 2009 Apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid variation in soybean meal and its implication on feed formulation American Soybean Association Technical Bulletin AN38 Bootwalla pdf Available at ltwwwasaimseacomindexphplanguage=enampscreenname=_docs_TechnicalBulletins|AnimalNutritiongt Federal Grain Inspection Service 2004 Test Weight In Grain Inspection Handbook II (Chapter 10) Washington DC USDA-GIPSA-FGIS Medic J C Atkinson and CR Hurburgh Jr 2014 Current knowledge in soybean composition J Am Oil Chem Soc 91(3)363-384 Midwest Climate Watch 2016 Available at ltmccswsuiuceducliwatchwatchhtmgt National Agricultural Statistics Service NASS 2016 Available at ltnassusdagovgt Park HS and CR Hurburgh 2002 Improving the US position in world soybean meal trade MATRIC working paper 02-MWP7 Available at ltwwwcardiastateedupublicationsDBSPDFFiles02mwp7pdfgt

Ravindran V MR Abdollahi and SM Bootwalla 2014 Nutrient analysis metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids of soybean meals of different origins for broilers Poultry Sci 932567-2577 Thakur M and CR Hurburgh 2007 Quality of US soybean meal compared to the quality of soybean meal from other origins J Am Oil Chem Soc 84835-843 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 2016 Jointly prepared by the US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Available at ltusdagovoceweatherpubsWeeklyWwcbgt

QUALITY REPORT 2016

2

INTERPRETATION OF PROTEIN AND OIL RESULTS Overall when compared with the extraordinarily high quality 2015 crop protein and oil

concentrations noted in the 2016 crop were quite good (Table 2) Average protein

concentration increased very slightly while oil concentrations were off by one half percentage

point when compared with 2015 Although oil receded the 2016 crop appears to produce on

average oil concentration at the second highest level in the previous 10 years and was one

half percentage point higher than the average of the previous 10 years Protein was 03

percentage points lower than the previous 10-year average Compared with the long-term

average (1986-2015) 2016 US soybeans were 07 of a point lower in protein but 06

percentage points higher in oil

The high oil levels noted again in 2016 should allow soybean processors to simultaneously

achieve both good soybean oil yields and reasonable protein concentrations in the resulting

soybean meal

Protein and oil concentrations were unusually consistent across the US in 2015 The current

year returns to a more normal variability in both protein and oil Western Corn Belt states are

expected to produce more than half of the total US soybean volume and are therefore

primary drivers of average US protein and oil values Western Corn Belt states had average

protein and oil concentrations that were 04 and 02 points lower respectively than the US

average Protein in Iowa and Missouri decreased by 03 points from 2015 to 2016 and oil

concentrations in Minnesota and North Dakota decreased by 10 and 08 points respectively

Protein and oil concentrations in the Eastern Corn Belt were both higher than the national

average Together the Eastern Corn Belt states also fared a bit better with an increased

protein concentration but an equal decrease (03 points) in oil compared to 2015 Protein

increased in all states in the Eastern Corn Belt Oil was reduced by 04 points in Michigan

Ohio and Wisconsin compared to 2015

QUALITY REPORT 2016

3

As is often noted Midsouth states had protein and oil concentrations that were higher than

the national average this year protein and oil were 08 and 04 points greater Compared

with 2015 the region saw protein increase by 06 and oil decrease by 05 points These

changes were fairly uniformly distributed across the region with Arkansas and Mississippi

increasing protein by 05 points each and decreasing oil by 06 and 04 each respectively

Likely due to frequent rainfall through the early harvest period in the majority of soybean-

producing states the incoming moisture of 2016 samples (124) was higher than the 2015

value at 116 Although average incoming moisture was higher in 2016 than in the previous

year there was less variability in the data Samples with moisture above 13 could be found

in all major soybean-producing states

INTERPRETATION OF SEED SIZE AND FOREIGN MATERIAL RESULTS While seed size may not be important for most commodity soybean purchasers seed size

does provide some insight into the environmental conditions present during the production

season In general environmental stresses such as drought in the early seed-filling period

(late July and early August) tend to reduce the number of seeds on individual plants if

conditions return to normal these remaining seeds can expand resulting in larger than

average seed size Alternatively stresses at the end of the seed-filling period (late August

through September) reduce the energy available for each seed and seed size may be smaller

than average Average seed size increased from 158 grams per 100 seeds in 2015 to 163 in

2016 (Table 3) As is normally noted when there are hot conditions during the latter part of

the growing season seed size was smallest in the Midsouth and Southeast regions States in

the Eastern Corn Belt produced larger seeds on average as is the long-term trend North

and South Dakota had exceptionally large soybeans due to late season rainfall with above

average temperatures Missouri and Arkansas produced soybeans with relatively small seed

size for their respective regions due to excess rainfall during the later stages of seed filling

QUALITY REPORT 2016

4

The distribution of rainfall is the single most important driver of soybean yields in the US In

northern ranges of US soybean production yields can be constrained by excess early-season

rainfall andor limited rainfall during seed filling However in the south US late summer

rainfall can lead to greatly increased disease pressure that can reduce seed size and yields

Foreign material (FM) found in 2016 US samples was on average very low at 01 with

regional averages ranging from 01 to 03 Of the 1320 samples 983 of them (1298

samples) had FM values below 1 13 (17 samples) had 1-2 FM and only 04 of them (5

samples) had gt2 FM

AMINO ACIDS Amino acids are the ldquobuilding blockrdquo organic compounds linked in various combinations to

form unique proteins In human diets amino acids are supplied by the variety of plant and

animal proteins ingested In animal feed amino acids come from feed proteins such as

soybean meal and possibly from synthetic amino acid supplements Soybean meal is the

major feed protein source in poultry swine and cultured fish diets because of its high

nutritional quality including its balanced amino acid profile Optimal animal performance

occurs when the feed protein contains an ideal amount and proportion of all essential amino

acids (those amino acids which cannot be produced by animals) ndash this is an ldquoideal proteinrdquo

In a recent study Ravindran et al (2014) found crude protein to be a poor predictor of overall

feed quality of soybean meal In a comparison of soybean meal from US and other origins

US soybean meal had lower protein content than Brazilian soybean meal but better quality

of protein ndash higher concentrations of essential amino acids (Park and Hurburgh 2002 Thakur

and Hurburgh 2007 Bootwalla 2009) In whole soybeans lower crude protein beans have a

higher proportion of the five most critical essential amino acids (lysine cysteine methionine

threonine and tryptophan) indicating that meal made from those soybeans will likely be of

QUALITY REPORT 2016

5

higher feed quality for a given feed ration than meal made from higher crude protein

soybeans (Thakur and Hurburgh 2007 Medic et al 2014 Naeve unpublished data)

In 2016 amino acid results varied a bit by state and region Lysine (expressed as a percent of

the 18 primary amino acids) (Table 4) tended to be highest in the Western Corn Belt and

lowest in the Midsouth There were similar regional differences in the sum of the five most

limiting amino acids (also known as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and

tryptophan with the WCB at 146 ECB MDS and EC at 144 and SE at 145 Regional

differences alone do not fully explain amino acid concentration differences in the samples

when we evaluated the samples based on protein level rather than region we found that the

protein in lower protein samples is more concentrated in the five critical amino acids than

is the protein in higher protein samples Thus protein concentration differences may

account for much of the amino acid concentration differences across regions rather than

region per se The higher concentration of critical limiting amino acids is a key differentiation

of US soybeans over those from Brazil (Naeve unpublished) We support complete and

independent analysis of soybeans soybean meal and feeds throughout the value chain to

ensure that the end user has access to the highest quality feed not based on protein alone

but the full quality package that includes amino acid balance energy and more

WEATHER AND CROP SUMMARY Planting Average temperatures in the Midwest were above normal and precipitation varied

even within states Areas in parts of MI MO the Ohio Valley (OH IN IL WV PA and KY) and

western IA experienced above normal precipitation while parts of MN eastern IA MO and IL

were drier than normal early in the season Higher than average rainfall erased the early-

season drought in the central and southern Plains In the Midwest overall weather was

generally favorable for planting planting was mostly complete by early June and was ahead

of the 5-year average in most soybean-producing states

QUALITY REPORT 2016

6

Mid-Season The entire US experienced its warmest June on record Average minimum

temperatures were in the top 10 warmest for all Midwestern states except MN Rainfall in

early July broke records in MO IL IN and KY July rainfall in the Midwestern states of MN

WI KY IN IL and MI ranked in the top 10 wettest Ohio rainfall was well below normal for

July and August and the Southeast experienced significant drought conditions all season By

the end of August 94 of the US soybeans were at or beyond pod setting stage well ahead

of average

Harvest The Midwest experienced its 7th warmest September since 1895 and above average

temperatures continued through October Widespread flooding occurred in the first part of

September in IA MN and WI but some states in the region were below normal for rainfall

By the end of October more than three-quarters of the nations soybean crop was harvested

slower than last year but on par with the 5-year average

Overall weather during the 2016 growing season was generally wetter and warmer than

normal in most primary soybean-producing states

Weather Figure 1

QUALITY REPORT 2016

7

REFERENCES

Bootwalla S 2009 Apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid variation in soybean meal and its implication on feed formulation American Soybean Association Technical Bulletin AN38 Bootwalla pdf Available at ltwwwasaimseacomindexphplanguage=enampscreenname=_docs_TechnicalBulletins|AnimalNutritiongt Federal Grain Inspection Service 2004 Test Weight In Grain Inspection Handbook II (Chapter 10) Washington DC USDA-GIPSA-FGIS Medic J C Atkinson and CR Hurburgh Jr 2014 Current knowledge in soybean composition J Am Oil Chem Soc 91(3)363-384 Midwest Climate Watch 2016 Available at ltmccswsuiuceducliwatchwatchhtmgt National Agricultural Statistics Service NASS 2016 Available at ltnassusdagovgt Park HS and CR Hurburgh 2002 Improving the US position in world soybean meal trade MATRIC working paper 02-MWP7 Available at ltwwwcardiastateedupublicationsDBSPDFFiles02mwp7pdfgt

Ravindran V MR Abdollahi and SM Bootwalla 2014 Nutrient analysis metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids of soybean meals of different origins for broilers Poultry Sci 932567-2577 Thakur M and CR Hurburgh 2007 Quality of US soybean meal compared to the quality of soybean meal from other origins J Am Oil Chem Soc 84835-843 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 2016 Jointly prepared by the US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Available at ltusdagovoceweatherpubsWeeklyWwcbgt

QUALITY REPORT 2016

3

As is often noted Midsouth states had protein and oil concentrations that were higher than

the national average this year protein and oil were 08 and 04 points greater Compared

with 2015 the region saw protein increase by 06 and oil decrease by 05 points These

changes were fairly uniformly distributed across the region with Arkansas and Mississippi

increasing protein by 05 points each and decreasing oil by 06 and 04 each respectively

Likely due to frequent rainfall through the early harvest period in the majority of soybean-

producing states the incoming moisture of 2016 samples (124) was higher than the 2015

value at 116 Although average incoming moisture was higher in 2016 than in the previous

year there was less variability in the data Samples with moisture above 13 could be found

in all major soybean-producing states

INTERPRETATION OF SEED SIZE AND FOREIGN MATERIAL RESULTS While seed size may not be important for most commodity soybean purchasers seed size

does provide some insight into the environmental conditions present during the production

season In general environmental stresses such as drought in the early seed-filling period

(late July and early August) tend to reduce the number of seeds on individual plants if

conditions return to normal these remaining seeds can expand resulting in larger than

average seed size Alternatively stresses at the end of the seed-filling period (late August

through September) reduce the energy available for each seed and seed size may be smaller

than average Average seed size increased from 158 grams per 100 seeds in 2015 to 163 in

2016 (Table 3) As is normally noted when there are hot conditions during the latter part of

the growing season seed size was smallest in the Midsouth and Southeast regions States in

the Eastern Corn Belt produced larger seeds on average as is the long-term trend North

and South Dakota had exceptionally large soybeans due to late season rainfall with above

average temperatures Missouri and Arkansas produced soybeans with relatively small seed

size for their respective regions due to excess rainfall during the later stages of seed filling

QUALITY REPORT 2016

4

The distribution of rainfall is the single most important driver of soybean yields in the US In

northern ranges of US soybean production yields can be constrained by excess early-season

rainfall andor limited rainfall during seed filling However in the south US late summer

rainfall can lead to greatly increased disease pressure that can reduce seed size and yields

Foreign material (FM) found in 2016 US samples was on average very low at 01 with

regional averages ranging from 01 to 03 Of the 1320 samples 983 of them (1298

samples) had FM values below 1 13 (17 samples) had 1-2 FM and only 04 of them (5

samples) had gt2 FM

AMINO ACIDS Amino acids are the ldquobuilding blockrdquo organic compounds linked in various combinations to

form unique proteins In human diets amino acids are supplied by the variety of plant and

animal proteins ingested In animal feed amino acids come from feed proteins such as

soybean meal and possibly from synthetic amino acid supplements Soybean meal is the

major feed protein source in poultry swine and cultured fish diets because of its high

nutritional quality including its balanced amino acid profile Optimal animal performance

occurs when the feed protein contains an ideal amount and proportion of all essential amino

acids (those amino acids which cannot be produced by animals) ndash this is an ldquoideal proteinrdquo

In a recent study Ravindran et al (2014) found crude protein to be a poor predictor of overall

feed quality of soybean meal In a comparison of soybean meal from US and other origins

US soybean meal had lower protein content than Brazilian soybean meal but better quality

of protein ndash higher concentrations of essential amino acids (Park and Hurburgh 2002 Thakur

and Hurburgh 2007 Bootwalla 2009) In whole soybeans lower crude protein beans have a

higher proportion of the five most critical essential amino acids (lysine cysteine methionine

threonine and tryptophan) indicating that meal made from those soybeans will likely be of

QUALITY REPORT 2016

5

higher feed quality for a given feed ration than meal made from higher crude protein

soybeans (Thakur and Hurburgh 2007 Medic et al 2014 Naeve unpublished data)

In 2016 amino acid results varied a bit by state and region Lysine (expressed as a percent of

the 18 primary amino acids) (Table 4) tended to be highest in the Western Corn Belt and

lowest in the Midsouth There were similar regional differences in the sum of the five most

limiting amino acids (also known as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and

tryptophan with the WCB at 146 ECB MDS and EC at 144 and SE at 145 Regional

differences alone do not fully explain amino acid concentration differences in the samples

when we evaluated the samples based on protein level rather than region we found that the

protein in lower protein samples is more concentrated in the five critical amino acids than

is the protein in higher protein samples Thus protein concentration differences may

account for much of the amino acid concentration differences across regions rather than

region per se The higher concentration of critical limiting amino acids is a key differentiation

of US soybeans over those from Brazil (Naeve unpublished) We support complete and

independent analysis of soybeans soybean meal and feeds throughout the value chain to

ensure that the end user has access to the highest quality feed not based on protein alone

but the full quality package that includes amino acid balance energy and more

WEATHER AND CROP SUMMARY Planting Average temperatures in the Midwest were above normal and precipitation varied

even within states Areas in parts of MI MO the Ohio Valley (OH IN IL WV PA and KY) and

western IA experienced above normal precipitation while parts of MN eastern IA MO and IL

were drier than normal early in the season Higher than average rainfall erased the early-

season drought in the central and southern Plains In the Midwest overall weather was

generally favorable for planting planting was mostly complete by early June and was ahead

of the 5-year average in most soybean-producing states

QUALITY REPORT 2016

6

Mid-Season The entire US experienced its warmest June on record Average minimum

temperatures were in the top 10 warmest for all Midwestern states except MN Rainfall in

early July broke records in MO IL IN and KY July rainfall in the Midwestern states of MN

WI KY IN IL and MI ranked in the top 10 wettest Ohio rainfall was well below normal for

July and August and the Southeast experienced significant drought conditions all season By

the end of August 94 of the US soybeans were at or beyond pod setting stage well ahead

of average

Harvest The Midwest experienced its 7th warmest September since 1895 and above average

temperatures continued through October Widespread flooding occurred in the first part of

September in IA MN and WI but some states in the region were below normal for rainfall

By the end of October more than three-quarters of the nations soybean crop was harvested

slower than last year but on par with the 5-year average

Overall weather during the 2016 growing season was generally wetter and warmer than

normal in most primary soybean-producing states

Weather Figure 1

QUALITY REPORT 2016

7

REFERENCES

Bootwalla S 2009 Apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid variation in soybean meal and its implication on feed formulation American Soybean Association Technical Bulletin AN38 Bootwalla pdf Available at ltwwwasaimseacomindexphplanguage=enampscreenname=_docs_TechnicalBulletins|AnimalNutritiongt Federal Grain Inspection Service 2004 Test Weight In Grain Inspection Handbook II (Chapter 10) Washington DC USDA-GIPSA-FGIS Medic J C Atkinson and CR Hurburgh Jr 2014 Current knowledge in soybean composition J Am Oil Chem Soc 91(3)363-384 Midwest Climate Watch 2016 Available at ltmccswsuiuceducliwatchwatchhtmgt National Agricultural Statistics Service NASS 2016 Available at ltnassusdagovgt Park HS and CR Hurburgh 2002 Improving the US position in world soybean meal trade MATRIC working paper 02-MWP7 Available at ltwwwcardiastateedupublicationsDBSPDFFiles02mwp7pdfgt

Ravindran V MR Abdollahi and SM Bootwalla 2014 Nutrient analysis metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids of soybean meals of different origins for broilers Poultry Sci 932567-2577 Thakur M and CR Hurburgh 2007 Quality of US soybean meal compared to the quality of soybean meal from other origins J Am Oil Chem Soc 84835-843 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 2016 Jointly prepared by the US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Available at ltusdagovoceweatherpubsWeeklyWwcbgt

QUALITY REPORT 2016

4

The distribution of rainfall is the single most important driver of soybean yields in the US In

northern ranges of US soybean production yields can be constrained by excess early-season

rainfall andor limited rainfall during seed filling However in the south US late summer

rainfall can lead to greatly increased disease pressure that can reduce seed size and yields

Foreign material (FM) found in 2016 US samples was on average very low at 01 with

regional averages ranging from 01 to 03 Of the 1320 samples 983 of them (1298

samples) had FM values below 1 13 (17 samples) had 1-2 FM and only 04 of them (5

samples) had gt2 FM

AMINO ACIDS Amino acids are the ldquobuilding blockrdquo organic compounds linked in various combinations to

form unique proteins In human diets amino acids are supplied by the variety of plant and

animal proteins ingested In animal feed amino acids come from feed proteins such as

soybean meal and possibly from synthetic amino acid supplements Soybean meal is the

major feed protein source in poultry swine and cultured fish diets because of its high

nutritional quality including its balanced amino acid profile Optimal animal performance

occurs when the feed protein contains an ideal amount and proportion of all essential amino

acids (those amino acids which cannot be produced by animals) ndash this is an ldquoideal proteinrdquo

In a recent study Ravindran et al (2014) found crude protein to be a poor predictor of overall

feed quality of soybean meal In a comparison of soybean meal from US and other origins

US soybean meal had lower protein content than Brazilian soybean meal but better quality

of protein ndash higher concentrations of essential amino acids (Park and Hurburgh 2002 Thakur

and Hurburgh 2007 Bootwalla 2009) In whole soybeans lower crude protein beans have a

higher proportion of the five most critical essential amino acids (lysine cysteine methionine

threonine and tryptophan) indicating that meal made from those soybeans will likely be of

QUALITY REPORT 2016

5

higher feed quality for a given feed ration than meal made from higher crude protein

soybeans (Thakur and Hurburgh 2007 Medic et al 2014 Naeve unpublished data)

In 2016 amino acid results varied a bit by state and region Lysine (expressed as a percent of

the 18 primary amino acids) (Table 4) tended to be highest in the Western Corn Belt and

lowest in the Midsouth There were similar regional differences in the sum of the five most

limiting amino acids (also known as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and

tryptophan with the WCB at 146 ECB MDS and EC at 144 and SE at 145 Regional

differences alone do not fully explain amino acid concentration differences in the samples

when we evaluated the samples based on protein level rather than region we found that the

protein in lower protein samples is more concentrated in the five critical amino acids than

is the protein in higher protein samples Thus protein concentration differences may

account for much of the amino acid concentration differences across regions rather than

region per se The higher concentration of critical limiting amino acids is a key differentiation

of US soybeans over those from Brazil (Naeve unpublished) We support complete and

independent analysis of soybeans soybean meal and feeds throughout the value chain to

ensure that the end user has access to the highest quality feed not based on protein alone

but the full quality package that includes amino acid balance energy and more

WEATHER AND CROP SUMMARY Planting Average temperatures in the Midwest were above normal and precipitation varied

even within states Areas in parts of MI MO the Ohio Valley (OH IN IL WV PA and KY) and

western IA experienced above normal precipitation while parts of MN eastern IA MO and IL

were drier than normal early in the season Higher than average rainfall erased the early-

season drought in the central and southern Plains In the Midwest overall weather was

generally favorable for planting planting was mostly complete by early June and was ahead

of the 5-year average in most soybean-producing states

QUALITY REPORT 2016

6

Mid-Season The entire US experienced its warmest June on record Average minimum

temperatures were in the top 10 warmest for all Midwestern states except MN Rainfall in

early July broke records in MO IL IN and KY July rainfall in the Midwestern states of MN

WI KY IN IL and MI ranked in the top 10 wettest Ohio rainfall was well below normal for

July and August and the Southeast experienced significant drought conditions all season By

the end of August 94 of the US soybeans were at or beyond pod setting stage well ahead

of average

Harvest The Midwest experienced its 7th warmest September since 1895 and above average

temperatures continued through October Widespread flooding occurred in the first part of

September in IA MN and WI but some states in the region were below normal for rainfall

By the end of October more than three-quarters of the nations soybean crop was harvested

slower than last year but on par with the 5-year average

Overall weather during the 2016 growing season was generally wetter and warmer than

normal in most primary soybean-producing states

Weather Figure 1

QUALITY REPORT 2016

7

REFERENCES

Bootwalla S 2009 Apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid variation in soybean meal and its implication on feed formulation American Soybean Association Technical Bulletin AN38 Bootwalla pdf Available at ltwwwasaimseacomindexphplanguage=enampscreenname=_docs_TechnicalBulletins|AnimalNutritiongt Federal Grain Inspection Service 2004 Test Weight In Grain Inspection Handbook II (Chapter 10) Washington DC USDA-GIPSA-FGIS Medic J C Atkinson and CR Hurburgh Jr 2014 Current knowledge in soybean composition J Am Oil Chem Soc 91(3)363-384 Midwest Climate Watch 2016 Available at ltmccswsuiuceducliwatchwatchhtmgt National Agricultural Statistics Service NASS 2016 Available at ltnassusdagovgt Park HS and CR Hurburgh 2002 Improving the US position in world soybean meal trade MATRIC working paper 02-MWP7 Available at ltwwwcardiastateedupublicationsDBSPDFFiles02mwp7pdfgt

Ravindran V MR Abdollahi and SM Bootwalla 2014 Nutrient analysis metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids of soybean meals of different origins for broilers Poultry Sci 932567-2577 Thakur M and CR Hurburgh 2007 Quality of US soybean meal compared to the quality of soybean meal from other origins J Am Oil Chem Soc 84835-843 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 2016 Jointly prepared by the US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Available at ltusdagovoceweatherpubsWeeklyWwcbgt

QUALITY REPORT 2016

5

higher feed quality for a given feed ration than meal made from higher crude protein

soybeans (Thakur and Hurburgh 2007 Medic et al 2014 Naeve unpublished data)

In 2016 amino acid results varied a bit by state and region Lysine (expressed as a percent of

the 18 primary amino acids) (Table 4) tended to be highest in the Western Corn Belt and

lowest in the Midsouth There were similar regional differences in the sum of the five most

limiting amino acids (also known as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and

tryptophan with the WCB at 146 ECB MDS and EC at 144 and SE at 145 Regional

differences alone do not fully explain amino acid concentration differences in the samples

when we evaluated the samples based on protein level rather than region we found that the

protein in lower protein samples is more concentrated in the five critical amino acids than

is the protein in higher protein samples Thus protein concentration differences may

account for much of the amino acid concentration differences across regions rather than

region per se The higher concentration of critical limiting amino acids is a key differentiation

of US soybeans over those from Brazil (Naeve unpublished) We support complete and

independent analysis of soybeans soybean meal and feeds throughout the value chain to

ensure that the end user has access to the highest quality feed not based on protein alone

but the full quality package that includes amino acid balance energy and more

WEATHER AND CROP SUMMARY Planting Average temperatures in the Midwest were above normal and precipitation varied

even within states Areas in parts of MI MO the Ohio Valley (OH IN IL WV PA and KY) and

western IA experienced above normal precipitation while parts of MN eastern IA MO and IL

were drier than normal early in the season Higher than average rainfall erased the early-

season drought in the central and southern Plains In the Midwest overall weather was

generally favorable for planting planting was mostly complete by early June and was ahead

of the 5-year average in most soybean-producing states

QUALITY REPORT 2016

6

Mid-Season The entire US experienced its warmest June on record Average minimum

temperatures were in the top 10 warmest for all Midwestern states except MN Rainfall in

early July broke records in MO IL IN and KY July rainfall in the Midwestern states of MN

WI KY IN IL and MI ranked in the top 10 wettest Ohio rainfall was well below normal for

July and August and the Southeast experienced significant drought conditions all season By

the end of August 94 of the US soybeans were at or beyond pod setting stage well ahead

of average

Harvest The Midwest experienced its 7th warmest September since 1895 and above average

temperatures continued through October Widespread flooding occurred in the first part of

September in IA MN and WI but some states in the region were below normal for rainfall

By the end of October more than three-quarters of the nations soybean crop was harvested

slower than last year but on par with the 5-year average

Overall weather during the 2016 growing season was generally wetter and warmer than

normal in most primary soybean-producing states

Weather Figure 1

QUALITY REPORT 2016

7

REFERENCES

Bootwalla S 2009 Apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid variation in soybean meal and its implication on feed formulation American Soybean Association Technical Bulletin AN38 Bootwalla pdf Available at ltwwwasaimseacomindexphplanguage=enampscreenname=_docs_TechnicalBulletins|AnimalNutritiongt Federal Grain Inspection Service 2004 Test Weight In Grain Inspection Handbook II (Chapter 10) Washington DC USDA-GIPSA-FGIS Medic J C Atkinson and CR Hurburgh Jr 2014 Current knowledge in soybean composition J Am Oil Chem Soc 91(3)363-384 Midwest Climate Watch 2016 Available at ltmccswsuiuceducliwatchwatchhtmgt National Agricultural Statistics Service NASS 2016 Available at ltnassusdagovgt Park HS and CR Hurburgh 2002 Improving the US position in world soybean meal trade MATRIC working paper 02-MWP7 Available at ltwwwcardiastateedupublicationsDBSPDFFiles02mwp7pdfgt

Ravindran V MR Abdollahi and SM Bootwalla 2014 Nutrient analysis metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids of soybean meals of different origins for broilers Poultry Sci 932567-2577 Thakur M and CR Hurburgh 2007 Quality of US soybean meal compared to the quality of soybean meal from other origins J Am Oil Chem Soc 84835-843 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 2016 Jointly prepared by the US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Available at ltusdagovoceweatherpubsWeeklyWwcbgt

QUALITY REPORT 2016

6

Mid-Season The entire US experienced its warmest June on record Average minimum

temperatures were in the top 10 warmest for all Midwestern states except MN Rainfall in

early July broke records in MO IL IN and KY July rainfall in the Midwestern states of MN

WI KY IN IL and MI ranked in the top 10 wettest Ohio rainfall was well below normal for

July and August and the Southeast experienced significant drought conditions all season By

the end of August 94 of the US soybeans were at or beyond pod setting stage well ahead

of average

Harvest The Midwest experienced its 7th warmest September since 1895 and above average

temperatures continued through October Widespread flooding occurred in the first part of

September in IA MN and WI but some states in the region were below normal for rainfall

By the end of October more than three-quarters of the nations soybean crop was harvested

slower than last year but on par with the 5-year average

Overall weather during the 2016 growing season was generally wetter and warmer than

normal in most primary soybean-producing states

Weather Figure 1

QUALITY REPORT 2016

7

REFERENCES

Bootwalla S 2009 Apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid variation in soybean meal and its implication on feed formulation American Soybean Association Technical Bulletin AN38 Bootwalla pdf Available at ltwwwasaimseacomindexphplanguage=enampscreenname=_docs_TechnicalBulletins|AnimalNutritiongt Federal Grain Inspection Service 2004 Test Weight In Grain Inspection Handbook II (Chapter 10) Washington DC USDA-GIPSA-FGIS Medic J C Atkinson and CR Hurburgh Jr 2014 Current knowledge in soybean composition J Am Oil Chem Soc 91(3)363-384 Midwest Climate Watch 2016 Available at ltmccswsuiuceducliwatchwatchhtmgt National Agricultural Statistics Service NASS 2016 Available at ltnassusdagovgt Park HS and CR Hurburgh 2002 Improving the US position in world soybean meal trade MATRIC working paper 02-MWP7 Available at ltwwwcardiastateedupublicationsDBSPDFFiles02mwp7pdfgt

Ravindran V MR Abdollahi and SM Bootwalla 2014 Nutrient analysis metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids of soybean meals of different origins for broilers Poultry Sci 932567-2577 Thakur M and CR Hurburgh 2007 Quality of US soybean meal compared to the quality of soybean meal from other origins J Am Oil Chem Soc 84835-843 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 2016 Jointly prepared by the US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Available at ltusdagovoceweatherpubsWeeklyWwcbgt

QUALITY REPORT 2016

7

REFERENCES

Bootwalla S 2009 Apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid variation in soybean meal and its implication on feed formulation American Soybean Association Technical Bulletin AN38 Bootwalla pdf Available at ltwwwasaimseacomindexphplanguage=enampscreenname=_docs_TechnicalBulletins|AnimalNutritiongt Federal Grain Inspection Service 2004 Test Weight In Grain Inspection Handbook II (Chapter 10) Washington DC USDA-GIPSA-FGIS Medic J C Atkinson and CR Hurburgh Jr 2014 Current knowledge in soybean composition J Am Oil Chem Soc 91(3)363-384 Midwest Climate Watch 2016 Available at ltmccswsuiuceducliwatchwatchhtmgt National Agricultural Statistics Service NASS 2016 Available at ltnassusdagovgt Park HS and CR Hurburgh 2002 Improving the US position in world soybean meal trade MATRIC working paper 02-MWP7 Available at ltwwwcardiastateedupublicationsDBSPDFFiles02mwp7pdfgt

Ravindran V MR Abdollahi and SM Bootwalla 2014 Nutrient analysis metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids of soybean meals of different origins for broilers Poultry Sci 932567-2577 Thakur M and CR Hurburgh 2007 Quality of US soybean meal compared to the quality of soybean meal from other origins J Am Oil Chem Soc 84835-843 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 2016 Jointly prepared by the US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Available at ltusdagovoceweatherpubsWeeklyWwcbgt

QUALITY REPORT 2016

8

Figure 1

QUALITY REPORT 2016

9

Figure 2

Soybean Corn and Wheat in the US (planted ha)

19881990

19921994

19961998

20002002

20042006

20082010

20122014

2016

Plan

ted

area

(ha)

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

SoybeanCornWheat

QUALITY REPORT 2016

10

Figure 3

ND

SD

NE

WI

MO

IA

MN

KS

TX

OK

OH

IN

MI

IL

KY

TN

MS

LA

AR

AL

NC

VA

PA

NY

MD

DE

NJ

GA

QUALITY REPORT 2016

11

Table 1 Soybean production data for the United States 2016 crop

Region StateYield

(MT ha-1)Area Harvested

(1000 ha)Production

(M MT)

Iowa 39 3848 150Kansas 30 1624 49Minnesota 33 3058 101Missouri 34 2248 76Nebraska 41 2086 86North Dakota 26 2434 64South Dakota 31 2094 65

Western Corn Belt 33 17391 590507

Illinois 42 4070 170Indiana 40 2300 91Michigan 32 846 27Ohio 36 1960 70Wisconsin 35 790 28

Eastern Corn Belt 37 9967 385331

Arkansas 32 1264 41Kentucky 34 725 24Louisiana 33 490 16Mississippi 32 822 27Oklahoma 18 190 03Tennessee 31 664 21Texas 18 59 01

Midsouth 28 4214 133114

Alabama 23 166 04Georgia 27 103 03North Carolina 26 676 17South Carolina 23 166 04

Southeast 25 1112 2824

Delaware 28 68 02Maryland 30 209 06New Jersey 27 40 01New York 28 132 04Pennsylvania 30 237 07Virginia 26 243 06

East Coast 28 928 2623

US 2016 35 33634 1163US 2015 32 33101 1070

Source United States Department of Agriculture NASS 2016 Crop Production Report (October 2016)

East Coast (EC)

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

QUALITY REPORT 2016

12

Protein Oil() ()

Iowa 208 339 10 193 06Kansas 23 347 10 190 07Minnesota 226 339 10 188 06Missouri 59 343 12 197 06Nebraska 89 339 11 190 08North Dakota 77 338 12 188 05South Dakota 69 337 11 192 08

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 11 191 06

Illinois 236 343 11 196 07Indiana 68 347 11 195 08Michigan 35 354 16 189 08Ohio 95 350 11 193 07Wisconsin 16 343 09 192 04

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 11 194 07

Arkansas 30 352 17 195 08Kentucky 10 351 08 196 06Louisiana 12 359 10 196 07Mississippi 24 350 16 200 07Oklahoma 1 355 203Tennessee 16 353 12 199 07Texas 1 336 193

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 13 197 07

Alabama 2 342 13 197 04Georgia 1 326 204North Carolina 3 336 25 205 10South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 23 203 09

Delaware 2 352 08 199 08Maryland 3 344 01 197 05New Jersey 3 360 14 191 04New York 5 352 10 193 05Pennsylvania 4 361 16 190 09Virginia 2 349 06 202 06

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 08 196 06

US Averages 1320 343 193

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 11 193 07US 2006-2015 avgdagger 347 14 188 10

13 moisture basisdagger Regional US and 10-year average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 2 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Std Dev Std Dev

QUALITY REPORT 2016

13

Seed ForeignWeight Material

g 100 seeds-1 ()

Iowa 208 160 15 01 02Kansas 23 164 17 01 01Minnesota 226 168 15 02 04Missouri 59 153 17 01 02Nebraska 89 164 15 01 02North Dakota 77 169 18 01 01South Dakota 69 174 14 01 02

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 164 16 01 02

Illinois 236 164 16 02 05Indiana 68 172 17 01 01Michigan 35 180 24 01 01Ohio 95 179 17 01 01Wisconsin 16 174 20 00 01

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 171 17 01 03

Arkansas 30 138 14 04 05Kentucky 10 147 12 01 01Louisiana 12 162 21 05 07Mississippi 24 145 14 03 03Oklahoma 1 163 00Tennessee 16 144 18 02 01Texas 1 133 00

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 145 15 03 03

Alabama 2 135 05 01 01Georgia 1 149 00North Carolina 3 149 22 02 03South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 146 19 02 03

Delaware 2 160 07 00 00Maryland 3 141 06 02 02New Jersey 3 134 15 12 18New York 5 186 22 00 00Pennsylvania 4 161 09 01 01Virginia 2 127 08 00 00

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 150 10 01 01

USA Averages 1320 165 01

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 163 16 01 02dagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)

Std Dev

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Table 3 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Seed Data

Region StateNumber of Samples Std Dev

QUALITY REPORT 2016

14

Protein()

Iowa 208 339 68 146Kansas 23 347 68 145Minnesota 226 339 68 146Missouri 59 343 67 145Nebraska 89 339 68 146North Dakota 77 338 67 146South Dakota 69 337 68 147

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 68 146

Illinois 236 343 67 145Indiana 68 347 67 144Michigan 35 354 67 144Ohio 95 350 66 144Wisconsin 16 343 67 145

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 67 144

Arkansas 30 352 66 144Kentucky 10 351 66 145Louisiana 12 359 64 141Mississippi 24 350 66 144Oklahoma 1 355 67 146Tennessee 16 353 66 144Texas 1 336 68 146

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 66 144

Alabama 2 342 67 145Georgia 1 326 69 149North Carolina 3 336 67 145South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 67 145

Delaware 2 352 64 142Maryland 3 344 68 145New Jersey 3 360 64 141New York 5 352 65 143Pennsylvania 4 361 65 143Virginia 2 349 69 146

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 67 144

USA Averages 1320 343 67 145

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 67 145

13 moisture basisdagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)Dagger Five essential amino acids (also know n as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and tryptophan

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 4 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Amino Acid (AA) Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Lysine (18 AAs)

5 EAAsDagger

(18 AAs)

QUALITY REPORT 2016

15

Year Yield Protein Oil Sumdagger Harvested Production Protein Oil

(kg ha-1) () () () (M ha-1) (M MT) Std Dev Std Dev

1986 2241 358 185 543 236 529 14 07

1987 2281 355 191 546 232 528 16 07

1988 1817 351 193 544 232 422 15 08

1989 2173 352 187 539 241 524 15 08

1990 2295 354 192 546 229 525 12 07

1991 2301 355 187 541 235 540 14 09

1992 2530 356 173 528 236 596 14 10

1993 2194 357 180 538 232 509 12 09

1994 2786 354 182 536 246 686 14 09

1995 2375 355 182 536 249 592 14 09

1996 2530 356 179 535 257 649 13 09

1997 2618 346 185 530 280 732 15 10

1998 2618 361 191 553 285 746 15 08

1999 2456 346 186 532 294 721 19 11

2000 2557 362 187 549 296 756 17 09

2001 2651 350 190 540 300 796 20 11

2002 2490 354 194 548 291 722 16 09

2003 2288 357 187 543 294 672 17 12

2004 2826 351 186 537 300 846 15 09

2005 2893 349 194 543 292 834 15 09

2006Dagger 2873 345 192 537 302 868 16 10

2007Dagger 2806 352 186 539 260 729 12 08

2008Dagger 2644 341 191 532 301 796 14 08

2009Dagger 2961 353 186 539 309 915 12 09

2010Dagger 2954 350 186 536 311 919 14 12

2011Dagger 2793 349 181 530 298 834 22 18

2012Dagger 2678 343 185 528 308 826 16 09

2013Dagger 2961 347 190 537 309 915 11 10

2014Dagger 3196 344 186 530 338 1078 13 09

2015Dagger 3176 343 198 541 331 1059 11 082016Dagger 3459 344 193 537 336 1163 11 07

Averages (2006-2015) 2904 347 188 535 307 894 14 10

Averages (1986-2015) 2599 351 187 538 277 729 15 09

Sources US Dept of Agriculture Iowa State University and University of MinnesotaProtein and oil concentrations expressed on a 13 moisture basisdaggerSum represents sum of protein and oil concentrationsDagger2006 - 2016 quality estimates are weighted by yearly production estimates by state

Table 5 Historical Summary of Yield and Quality Data for US Soybeans

QUALITY REPORT 2016

16

Contact Information

DR SETH L NAEVE SOYBEAN EXTENSION AGRONOMIST

DR JILL MILLER-GARVIN RESEARCHER

Naeve002umnedu mille443umnedu

University of Minnesota Department of Agronomy amp Plant Genetics 411 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle St Paul MN 55108 Tel 612-625-4298 Fax 612-624-3288 wwwussecorgresourcesstatisticshtml wwwsoybeansumnedu

Funding provided by United States Soybean Export Council (USSEC)

• Summary
• 2016 Acreage Yields and Total Production
• Quality of the 2016 US Soybean Crop
• Interpretation of Protein and Oil Results
• Interpretation of Seed Size AND FOREIGN MATERIAL Results
• Amino Acids
• Weather and Crop Summary
• REFERENCES
• Contact Information

QUALITY REPORT 2016

9

Figure 2

Soybean Corn and Wheat in the US (planted ha)

19881990

19921994

19961998

20002002

20042006

20082010

20122014

2016

Plan

ted

area

(ha)

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

SoybeanCornWheat

QUALITY REPORT 2016

10

Figure 3

ND

SD

NE

WI

MO

IA

MN

KS

TX

OK

OH

IN

MI

IL

KY

TN

MS

LA

AR

AL

NC

VA

PA

NY

MD

DE

NJ

GA

QUALITY REPORT 2016

11

Table 1 Soybean production data for the United States 2016 crop

Region StateYield

(MT ha-1)Area Harvested

(1000 ha)Production

(M MT)

Iowa 39 3848 150Kansas 30 1624 49Minnesota 33 3058 101Missouri 34 2248 76Nebraska 41 2086 86North Dakota 26 2434 64South Dakota 31 2094 65

Western Corn Belt 33 17391 590507

Illinois 42 4070 170Indiana 40 2300 91Michigan 32 846 27Ohio 36 1960 70Wisconsin 35 790 28

Eastern Corn Belt 37 9967 385331

Arkansas 32 1264 41Kentucky 34 725 24Louisiana 33 490 16Mississippi 32 822 27Oklahoma 18 190 03Tennessee 31 664 21Texas 18 59 01

Midsouth 28 4214 133114

Alabama 23 166 04Georgia 27 103 03North Carolina 26 676 17South Carolina 23 166 04

Southeast 25 1112 2824

Delaware 28 68 02Maryland 30 209 06New Jersey 27 40 01New York 28 132 04Pennsylvania 30 237 07Virginia 26 243 06

East Coast 28 928 2623

US 2016 35 33634 1163US 2015 32 33101 1070

Source United States Department of Agriculture NASS 2016 Crop Production Report (October 2016)

East Coast (EC)

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

QUALITY REPORT 2016

12

Protein Oil() ()

Iowa 208 339 10 193 06Kansas 23 347 10 190 07Minnesota 226 339 10 188 06Missouri 59 343 12 197 06Nebraska 89 339 11 190 08North Dakota 77 338 12 188 05South Dakota 69 337 11 192 08

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 11 191 06

Illinois 236 343 11 196 07Indiana 68 347 11 195 08Michigan 35 354 16 189 08Ohio 95 350 11 193 07Wisconsin 16 343 09 192 04

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 11 194 07

Arkansas 30 352 17 195 08Kentucky 10 351 08 196 06Louisiana 12 359 10 196 07Mississippi 24 350 16 200 07Oklahoma 1 355 203Tennessee 16 353 12 199 07Texas 1 336 193

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 13 197 07

Alabama 2 342 13 197 04Georgia 1 326 204North Carolina 3 336 25 205 10South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 23 203 09

Delaware 2 352 08 199 08Maryland 3 344 01 197 05New Jersey 3 360 14 191 04New York 5 352 10 193 05Pennsylvania 4 361 16 190 09Virginia 2 349 06 202 06

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 08 196 06

US Averages 1320 343 193

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 11 193 07US 2006-2015 avgdagger 347 14 188 10

13 moisture basisdagger Regional US and 10-year average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 2 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Std Dev Std Dev

QUALITY REPORT 2016

13

Seed ForeignWeight Material

g 100 seeds-1 ()

Iowa 208 160 15 01 02Kansas 23 164 17 01 01Minnesota 226 168 15 02 04Missouri 59 153 17 01 02Nebraska 89 164 15 01 02North Dakota 77 169 18 01 01South Dakota 69 174 14 01 02

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 164 16 01 02

Illinois 236 164 16 02 05Indiana 68 172 17 01 01Michigan 35 180 24 01 01Ohio 95 179 17 01 01Wisconsin 16 174 20 00 01

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 171 17 01 03

Arkansas 30 138 14 04 05Kentucky 10 147 12 01 01Louisiana 12 162 21 05 07Mississippi 24 145 14 03 03Oklahoma 1 163 00Tennessee 16 144 18 02 01Texas 1 133 00

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 145 15 03 03

Alabama 2 135 05 01 01Georgia 1 149 00North Carolina 3 149 22 02 03South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 146 19 02 03

Delaware 2 160 07 00 00Maryland 3 141 06 02 02New Jersey 3 134 15 12 18New York 5 186 22 00 00Pennsylvania 4 161 09 01 01Virginia 2 127 08 00 00

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 150 10 01 01

USA Averages 1320 165 01

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 163 16 01 02dagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)

Std Dev

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Table 3 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Seed Data

Region StateNumber of Samples Std Dev

QUALITY REPORT 2016

14

Protein()

Iowa 208 339 68 146Kansas 23 347 68 145Minnesota 226 339 68 146Missouri 59 343 67 145Nebraska 89 339 68 146North Dakota 77 338 67 146South Dakota 69 337 68 147

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 68 146

Illinois 236 343 67 145Indiana 68 347 67 144Michigan 35 354 67 144Ohio 95 350 66 144Wisconsin 16 343 67 145

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 67 144

Arkansas 30 352 66 144Kentucky 10 351 66 145Louisiana 12 359 64 141Mississippi 24 350 66 144Oklahoma 1 355 67 146Tennessee 16 353 66 144Texas 1 336 68 146

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 66 144

Alabama 2 342 67 145Georgia 1 326 69 149North Carolina 3 336 67 145South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 67 145

Delaware 2 352 64 142Maryland 3 344 68 145New Jersey 3 360 64 141New York 5 352 65 143Pennsylvania 4 361 65 143Virginia 2 349 69 146

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 67 144

USA Averages 1320 343 67 145

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 67 145

13 moisture basisdagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)Dagger Five essential amino acids (also know n as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and tryptophan

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 4 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Amino Acid (AA) Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Lysine (18 AAs)

5 EAAsDagger

(18 AAs)

QUALITY REPORT 2016

15

Year Yield Protein Oil Sumdagger Harvested Production Protein Oil

(kg ha-1) () () () (M ha-1) (M MT) Std Dev Std Dev

1986 2241 358 185 543 236 529 14 07

1987 2281 355 191 546 232 528 16 07

1988 1817 351 193 544 232 422 15 08

1989 2173 352 187 539 241 524 15 08

1990 2295 354 192 546 229 525 12 07

1991 2301 355 187 541 235 540 14 09

1992 2530 356 173 528 236 596 14 10

1993 2194 357 180 538 232 509 12 09

1994 2786 354 182 536 246 686 14 09

1995 2375 355 182 536 249 592 14 09

1996 2530 356 179 535 257 649 13 09

1997 2618 346 185 530 280 732 15 10

1998 2618 361 191 553 285 746 15 08

1999 2456 346 186 532 294 721 19 11

2000 2557 362 187 549 296 756 17 09

2001 2651 350 190 540 300 796 20 11

2002 2490 354 194 548 291 722 16 09

2003 2288 357 187 543 294 672 17 12

2004 2826 351 186 537 300 846 15 09

2005 2893 349 194 543 292 834 15 09

2006Dagger 2873 345 192 537 302 868 16 10

2007Dagger 2806 352 186 539 260 729 12 08

2008Dagger 2644 341 191 532 301 796 14 08

2009Dagger 2961 353 186 539 309 915 12 09

2010Dagger 2954 350 186 536 311 919 14 12

2011Dagger 2793 349 181 530 298 834 22 18

2012Dagger 2678 343 185 528 308 826 16 09

2013Dagger 2961 347 190 537 309 915 11 10

2014Dagger 3196 344 186 530 338 1078 13 09

2015Dagger 3176 343 198 541 331 1059 11 082016Dagger 3459 344 193 537 336 1163 11 07

Averages (2006-2015) 2904 347 188 535 307 894 14 10

Averages (1986-2015) 2599 351 187 538 277 729 15 09

Sources US Dept of Agriculture Iowa State University and University of MinnesotaProtein and oil concentrations expressed on a 13 moisture basisdaggerSum represents sum of protein and oil concentrationsDagger2006 - 2016 quality estimates are weighted by yearly production estimates by state

Table 5 Historical Summary of Yield and Quality Data for US Soybeans

QUALITY REPORT 2016

16

Contact Information

DR SETH L NAEVE SOYBEAN EXTENSION AGRONOMIST

DR JILL MILLER-GARVIN RESEARCHER

Naeve002umnedu mille443umnedu

University of Minnesota Department of Agronomy amp Plant Genetics 411 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle St Paul MN 55108 Tel 612-625-4298 Fax 612-624-3288 wwwussecorgresourcesstatisticshtml wwwsoybeansumnedu

Funding provided by United States Soybean Export Council (USSEC)

• Summary
• 2016 Acreage Yields and Total Production
• Quality of the 2016 US Soybean Crop
• Interpretation of Protein and Oil Results
• Interpretation of Seed Size AND FOREIGN MATERIAL Results
• Amino Acids
• Weather and Crop Summary
• REFERENCES
• Contact Information

QUALITY REPORT 2016

10

Figure 3

ND

SD

NE

WI

MO

IA

MN

KS

TX

OK

OH

IN

MI

IL

KY

TN

MS

LA

AR

AL

NC

VA

PA

NY

MD

DE

NJ

GA

QUALITY REPORT 2016

11

Table 1 Soybean production data for the United States 2016 crop

Region StateYield

(MT ha-1)Area Harvested

(1000 ha)Production

(M MT)

Iowa 39 3848 150Kansas 30 1624 49Minnesota 33 3058 101Missouri 34 2248 76Nebraska 41 2086 86North Dakota 26 2434 64South Dakota 31 2094 65

Western Corn Belt 33 17391 590507

Illinois 42 4070 170Indiana 40 2300 91Michigan 32 846 27Ohio 36 1960 70Wisconsin 35 790 28

Eastern Corn Belt 37 9967 385331

Arkansas 32 1264 41Kentucky 34 725 24Louisiana 33 490 16Mississippi 32 822 27Oklahoma 18 190 03Tennessee 31 664 21Texas 18 59 01

Midsouth 28 4214 133114

Alabama 23 166 04Georgia 27 103 03North Carolina 26 676 17South Carolina 23 166 04

Southeast 25 1112 2824

Delaware 28 68 02Maryland 30 209 06New Jersey 27 40 01New York 28 132 04Pennsylvania 30 237 07Virginia 26 243 06

East Coast 28 928 2623

US 2016 35 33634 1163US 2015 32 33101 1070

Source United States Department of Agriculture NASS 2016 Crop Production Report (October 2016)

East Coast (EC)

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

QUALITY REPORT 2016

12

Protein Oil() ()

Iowa 208 339 10 193 06Kansas 23 347 10 190 07Minnesota 226 339 10 188 06Missouri 59 343 12 197 06Nebraska 89 339 11 190 08North Dakota 77 338 12 188 05South Dakota 69 337 11 192 08

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 11 191 06

Illinois 236 343 11 196 07Indiana 68 347 11 195 08Michigan 35 354 16 189 08Ohio 95 350 11 193 07Wisconsin 16 343 09 192 04

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 11 194 07

Arkansas 30 352 17 195 08Kentucky 10 351 08 196 06Louisiana 12 359 10 196 07Mississippi 24 350 16 200 07Oklahoma 1 355 203Tennessee 16 353 12 199 07Texas 1 336 193

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 13 197 07

Alabama 2 342 13 197 04Georgia 1 326 204North Carolina 3 336 25 205 10South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 23 203 09

Delaware 2 352 08 199 08Maryland 3 344 01 197 05New Jersey 3 360 14 191 04New York 5 352 10 193 05Pennsylvania 4 361 16 190 09Virginia 2 349 06 202 06

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 08 196 06

US Averages 1320 343 193

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 11 193 07US 2006-2015 avgdagger 347 14 188 10

13 moisture basisdagger Regional US and 10-year average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 2 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Std Dev Std Dev

QUALITY REPORT 2016

13

Seed ForeignWeight Material

g 100 seeds-1 ()

Iowa 208 160 15 01 02Kansas 23 164 17 01 01Minnesota 226 168 15 02 04Missouri 59 153 17 01 02Nebraska 89 164 15 01 02North Dakota 77 169 18 01 01South Dakota 69 174 14 01 02

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 164 16 01 02

Illinois 236 164 16 02 05Indiana 68 172 17 01 01Michigan 35 180 24 01 01Ohio 95 179 17 01 01Wisconsin 16 174 20 00 01

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 171 17 01 03

Arkansas 30 138 14 04 05Kentucky 10 147 12 01 01Louisiana 12 162 21 05 07Mississippi 24 145 14 03 03Oklahoma 1 163 00Tennessee 16 144 18 02 01Texas 1 133 00

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 145 15 03 03

Alabama 2 135 05 01 01Georgia 1 149 00North Carolina 3 149 22 02 03South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 146 19 02 03

Delaware 2 160 07 00 00Maryland 3 141 06 02 02New Jersey 3 134 15 12 18New York 5 186 22 00 00Pennsylvania 4 161 09 01 01Virginia 2 127 08 00 00

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 150 10 01 01

USA Averages 1320 165 01

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 163 16 01 02dagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)

Std Dev

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Table 3 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Seed Data

Region StateNumber of Samples Std Dev

QUALITY REPORT 2016

14

Protein()

Iowa 208 339 68 146Kansas 23 347 68 145Minnesota 226 339 68 146Missouri 59 343 67 145Nebraska 89 339 68 146North Dakota 77 338 67 146South Dakota 69 337 68 147

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 68 146

Illinois 236 343 67 145Indiana 68 347 67 144Michigan 35 354 67 144Ohio 95 350 66 144Wisconsin 16 343 67 145

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 67 144

Arkansas 30 352 66 144Kentucky 10 351 66 145Louisiana 12 359 64 141Mississippi 24 350 66 144Oklahoma 1 355 67 146Tennessee 16 353 66 144Texas 1 336 68 146

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 66 144

Alabama 2 342 67 145Georgia 1 326 69 149North Carolina 3 336 67 145South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 67 145

Delaware 2 352 64 142Maryland 3 344 68 145New Jersey 3 360 64 141New York 5 352 65 143Pennsylvania 4 361 65 143Virginia 2 349 69 146

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 67 144

USA Averages 1320 343 67 145

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 67 145

13 moisture basisdagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)Dagger Five essential amino acids (also know n as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and tryptophan

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 4 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Amino Acid (AA) Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Lysine (18 AAs)

5 EAAsDagger

(18 AAs)

QUALITY REPORT 2016

15

Year Yield Protein Oil Sumdagger Harvested Production Protein Oil

(kg ha-1) () () () (M ha-1) (M MT) Std Dev Std Dev

1986 2241 358 185 543 236 529 14 07

1987 2281 355 191 546 232 528 16 07

1988 1817 351 193 544 232 422 15 08

1989 2173 352 187 539 241 524 15 08

1990 2295 354 192 546 229 525 12 07

1991 2301 355 187 541 235 540 14 09

1992 2530 356 173 528 236 596 14 10

1993 2194 357 180 538 232 509 12 09

1994 2786 354 182 536 246 686 14 09

1995 2375 355 182 536 249 592 14 09

1996 2530 356 179 535 257 649 13 09

1997 2618 346 185 530 280 732 15 10

1998 2618 361 191 553 285 746 15 08

1999 2456 346 186 532 294 721 19 11

2000 2557 362 187 549 296 756 17 09

2001 2651 350 190 540 300 796 20 11

2002 2490 354 194 548 291 722 16 09

2003 2288 357 187 543 294 672 17 12

2004 2826 351 186 537 300 846 15 09

2005 2893 349 194 543 292 834 15 09

2006Dagger 2873 345 192 537 302 868 16 10

2007Dagger 2806 352 186 539 260 729 12 08

2008Dagger 2644 341 191 532 301 796 14 08

2009Dagger 2961 353 186 539 309 915 12 09

2010Dagger 2954 350 186 536 311 919 14 12

2011Dagger 2793 349 181 530 298 834 22 18

2012Dagger 2678 343 185 528 308 826 16 09

2013Dagger 2961 347 190 537 309 915 11 10

2014Dagger 3196 344 186 530 338 1078 13 09

2015Dagger 3176 343 198 541 331 1059 11 082016Dagger 3459 344 193 537 336 1163 11 07

Averages (2006-2015) 2904 347 188 535 307 894 14 10

Averages (1986-2015) 2599 351 187 538 277 729 15 09

Sources US Dept of Agriculture Iowa State University and University of MinnesotaProtein and oil concentrations expressed on a 13 moisture basisdaggerSum represents sum of protein and oil concentrationsDagger2006 - 2016 quality estimates are weighted by yearly production estimates by state

Table 5 Historical Summary of Yield and Quality Data for US Soybeans

QUALITY REPORT 2016

16

Contact Information

DR SETH L NAEVE SOYBEAN EXTENSION AGRONOMIST

DR JILL MILLER-GARVIN RESEARCHER

Naeve002umnedu mille443umnedu

University of Minnesota Department of Agronomy amp Plant Genetics 411 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle St Paul MN 55108 Tel 612-625-4298 Fax 612-624-3288 wwwussecorgresourcesstatisticshtml wwwsoybeansumnedu

Funding provided by United States Soybean Export Council (USSEC)

• Summary
• 2016 Acreage Yields and Total Production
• Quality of the 2016 US Soybean Crop
• Interpretation of Protein and Oil Results
• Interpretation of Seed Size AND FOREIGN MATERIAL Results
• Amino Acids
• Weather and Crop Summary
• REFERENCES
• Contact Information

QUALITY REPORT 2016

11

Table 1 Soybean production data for the United States 2016 crop

Region StateYield

(MT ha-1)Area Harvested

(1000 ha)Production

(M MT)

Iowa 39 3848 150Kansas 30 1624 49Minnesota 33 3058 101Missouri 34 2248 76Nebraska 41 2086 86North Dakota 26 2434 64South Dakota 31 2094 65

Western Corn Belt 33 17391 590507

Illinois 42 4070 170Indiana 40 2300 91Michigan 32 846 27Ohio 36 1960 70Wisconsin 35 790 28

Eastern Corn Belt 37 9967 385331

Arkansas 32 1264 41Kentucky 34 725 24Louisiana 33 490 16Mississippi 32 822 27Oklahoma 18 190 03Tennessee 31 664 21Texas 18 59 01

Midsouth 28 4214 133114

Alabama 23 166 04Georgia 27 103 03North Carolina 26 676 17South Carolina 23 166 04

Southeast 25 1112 2824

Delaware 28 68 02Maryland 30 209 06New Jersey 27 40 01New York 28 132 04Pennsylvania 30 237 07Virginia 26 243 06

East Coast 28 928 2623

US 2016 35 33634 1163US 2015 32 33101 1070

Source United States Department of Agriculture NASS 2016 Crop Production Report (October 2016)

East Coast (EC)

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

QUALITY REPORT 2016

12

Protein Oil() ()

Iowa 208 339 10 193 06Kansas 23 347 10 190 07Minnesota 226 339 10 188 06Missouri 59 343 12 197 06Nebraska 89 339 11 190 08North Dakota 77 338 12 188 05South Dakota 69 337 11 192 08

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 11 191 06

Illinois 236 343 11 196 07Indiana 68 347 11 195 08Michigan 35 354 16 189 08Ohio 95 350 11 193 07Wisconsin 16 343 09 192 04

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 11 194 07

Arkansas 30 352 17 195 08Kentucky 10 351 08 196 06Louisiana 12 359 10 196 07Mississippi 24 350 16 200 07Oklahoma 1 355 203Tennessee 16 353 12 199 07Texas 1 336 193

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 13 197 07

Alabama 2 342 13 197 04Georgia 1 326 204North Carolina 3 336 25 205 10South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 23 203 09

Delaware 2 352 08 199 08Maryland 3 344 01 197 05New Jersey 3 360 14 191 04New York 5 352 10 193 05Pennsylvania 4 361 16 190 09Virginia 2 349 06 202 06

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 08 196 06

US Averages 1320 343 193

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 11 193 07US 2006-2015 avgdagger 347 14 188 10

13 moisture basisdagger Regional US and 10-year average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 2 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Std Dev Std Dev

QUALITY REPORT 2016

13

Seed ForeignWeight Material

g 100 seeds-1 ()

Iowa 208 160 15 01 02Kansas 23 164 17 01 01Minnesota 226 168 15 02 04Missouri 59 153 17 01 02Nebraska 89 164 15 01 02North Dakota 77 169 18 01 01South Dakota 69 174 14 01 02

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 164 16 01 02

Illinois 236 164 16 02 05Indiana 68 172 17 01 01Michigan 35 180 24 01 01Ohio 95 179 17 01 01Wisconsin 16 174 20 00 01

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 171 17 01 03

Arkansas 30 138 14 04 05Kentucky 10 147 12 01 01Louisiana 12 162 21 05 07Mississippi 24 145 14 03 03Oklahoma 1 163 00Tennessee 16 144 18 02 01Texas 1 133 00

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 145 15 03 03

Alabama 2 135 05 01 01Georgia 1 149 00North Carolina 3 149 22 02 03South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 146 19 02 03

Delaware 2 160 07 00 00Maryland 3 141 06 02 02New Jersey 3 134 15 12 18New York 5 186 22 00 00Pennsylvania 4 161 09 01 01Virginia 2 127 08 00 00

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 150 10 01 01

USA Averages 1320 165 01

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 163 16 01 02dagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)

Std Dev

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Table 3 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Seed Data

Region StateNumber of Samples Std Dev

QUALITY REPORT 2016

14

Protein()

Iowa 208 339 68 146Kansas 23 347 68 145Minnesota 226 339 68 146Missouri 59 343 67 145Nebraska 89 339 68 146North Dakota 77 338 67 146South Dakota 69 337 68 147

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 68 146

Illinois 236 343 67 145Indiana 68 347 67 144Michigan 35 354 67 144Ohio 95 350 66 144Wisconsin 16 343 67 145

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 67 144

Arkansas 30 352 66 144Kentucky 10 351 66 145Louisiana 12 359 64 141Mississippi 24 350 66 144Oklahoma 1 355 67 146Tennessee 16 353 66 144Texas 1 336 68 146

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 66 144

Alabama 2 342 67 145Georgia 1 326 69 149North Carolina 3 336 67 145South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 67 145

Delaware 2 352 64 142Maryland 3 344 68 145New Jersey 3 360 64 141New York 5 352 65 143Pennsylvania 4 361 65 143Virginia 2 349 69 146

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 67 144

USA Averages 1320 343 67 145

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 67 145

13 moisture basisdagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)Dagger Five essential amino acids (also know n as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and tryptophan

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 4 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Amino Acid (AA) Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Lysine (18 AAs)

5 EAAsDagger

(18 AAs)

QUALITY REPORT 2016

15

Year Yield Protein Oil Sumdagger Harvested Production Protein Oil

(kg ha-1) () () () (M ha-1) (M MT) Std Dev Std Dev

1986 2241 358 185 543 236 529 14 07

1987 2281 355 191 546 232 528 16 07

1988 1817 351 193 544 232 422 15 08

1989 2173 352 187 539 241 524 15 08

1990 2295 354 192 546 229 525 12 07

1991 2301 355 187 541 235 540 14 09

1992 2530 356 173 528 236 596 14 10

1993 2194 357 180 538 232 509 12 09

1994 2786 354 182 536 246 686 14 09

1995 2375 355 182 536 249 592 14 09

1996 2530 356 179 535 257 649 13 09

1997 2618 346 185 530 280 732 15 10

1998 2618 361 191 553 285 746 15 08

1999 2456 346 186 532 294 721 19 11

2000 2557 362 187 549 296 756 17 09

2001 2651 350 190 540 300 796 20 11

2002 2490 354 194 548 291 722 16 09

2003 2288 357 187 543 294 672 17 12

2004 2826 351 186 537 300 846 15 09

2005 2893 349 194 543 292 834 15 09

2006Dagger 2873 345 192 537 302 868 16 10

2007Dagger 2806 352 186 539 260 729 12 08

2008Dagger 2644 341 191 532 301 796 14 08

2009Dagger 2961 353 186 539 309 915 12 09

2010Dagger 2954 350 186 536 311 919 14 12

2011Dagger 2793 349 181 530 298 834 22 18

2012Dagger 2678 343 185 528 308 826 16 09

2013Dagger 2961 347 190 537 309 915 11 10

2014Dagger 3196 344 186 530 338 1078 13 09

2015Dagger 3176 343 198 541 331 1059 11 082016Dagger 3459 344 193 537 336 1163 11 07

Averages (2006-2015) 2904 347 188 535 307 894 14 10

Averages (1986-2015) 2599 351 187 538 277 729 15 09

Sources US Dept of Agriculture Iowa State University and University of MinnesotaProtein and oil concentrations expressed on a 13 moisture basisdaggerSum represents sum of protein and oil concentrationsDagger2006 - 2016 quality estimates are weighted by yearly production estimates by state

Table 5 Historical Summary of Yield and Quality Data for US Soybeans

QUALITY REPORT 2016

16

Contact Information

DR SETH L NAEVE SOYBEAN EXTENSION AGRONOMIST

DR JILL MILLER-GARVIN RESEARCHER

Naeve002umnedu mille443umnedu

University of Minnesota Department of Agronomy amp Plant Genetics 411 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle St Paul MN 55108 Tel 612-625-4298 Fax 612-624-3288 wwwussecorgresourcesstatisticshtml wwwsoybeansumnedu

Funding provided by United States Soybean Export Council (USSEC)

• Summary
• 2016 Acreage Yields and Total Production
• Quality of the 2016 US Soybean Crop
• Interpretation of Protein and Oil Results
• Interpretation of Seed Size AND FOREIGN MATERIAL Results
• Amino Acids
• Weather and Crop Summary
• REFERENCES
• Contact Information

QUALITY REPORT 2016

12

Protein Oil() ()

Iowa 208 339 10 193 06Kansas 23 347 10 190 07Minnesota 226 339 10 188 06Missouri 59 343 12 197 06Nebraska 89 339 11 190 08North Dakota 77 338 12 188 05South Dakota 69 337 11 192 08

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 11 191 06

Illinois 236 343 11 196 07Indiana 68 347 11 195 08Michigan 35 354 16 189 08Ohio 95 350 11 193 07Wisconsin 16 343 09 192 04

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 11 194 07

Arkansas 30 352 17 195 08Kentucky 10 351 08 196 06Louisiana 12 359 10 196 07Mississippi 24 350 16 200 07Oklahoma 1 355 203Tennessee 16 353 12 199 07Texas 1 336 193

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 13 197 07

Alabama 2 342 13 197 04Georgia 1 326 204North Carolina 3 336 25 205 10South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 23 203 09

Delaware 2 352 08 199 08Maryland 3 344 01 197 05New Jersey 3 360 14 191 04New York 5 352 10 193 05Pennsylvania 4 361 16 190 09Virginia 2 349 06 202 06

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 08 196 06

US Averages 1320 343 193

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 11 193 07US 2006-2015 avgdagger 347 14 188 10

13 moisture basisdagger Regional US and 10-year average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 2 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Std Dev Std Dev

QUALITY REPORT 2016

13

Seed ForeignWeight Material

g 100 seeds-1 ()

Iowa 208 160 15 01 02Kansas 23 164 17 01 01Minnesota 226 168 15 02 04Missouri 59 153 17 01 02Nebraska 89 164 15 01 02North Dakota 77 169 18 01 01South Dakota 69 174 14 01 02

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 164 16 01 02

Illinois 236 164 16 02 05Indiana 68 172 17 01 01Michigan 35 180 24 01 01Ohio 95 179 17 01 01Wisconsin 16 174 20 00 01

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 171 17 01 03

Arkansas 30 138 14 04 05Kentucky 10 147 12 01 01Louisiana 12 162 21 05 07Mississippi 24 145 14 03 03Oklahoma 1 163 00Tennessee 16 144 18 02 01Texas 1 133 00

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 145 15 03 03

Alabama 2 135 05 01 01Georgia 1 149 00North Carolina 3 149 22 02 03South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 146 19 02 03

Delaware 2 160 07 00 00Maryland 3 141 06 02 02New Jersey 3 134 15 12 18New York 5 186 22 00 00Pennsylvania 4 161 09 01 01Virginia 2 127 08 00 00

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 150 10 01 01

USA Averages 1320 165 01

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 163 16 01 02dagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)

Std Dev

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Table 3 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Seed Data

Region StateNumber of Samples Std Dev

QUALITY REPORT 2016

14

Protein()

Iowa 208 339 68 146Kansas 23 347 68 145Minnesota 226 339 68 146Missouri 59 343 67 145Nebraska 89 339 68 146North Dakota 77 338 67 146South Dakota 69 337 68 147

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 68 146

Illinois 236 343 67 145Indiana 68 347 67 144Michigan 35 354 67 144Ohio 95 350 66 144Wisconsin 16 343 67 145

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 67 144

Arkansas 30 352 66 144Kentucky 10 351 66 145Louisiana 12 359 64 141Mississippi 24 350 66 144Oklahoma 1 355 67 146Tennessee 16 353 66 144Texas 1 336 68 146

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 66 144

Alabama 2 342 67 145Georgia 1 326 69 149North Carolina 3 336 67 145South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 67 145

Delaware 2 352 64 142Maryland 3 344 68 145New Jersey 3 360 64 141New York 5 352 65 143Pennsylvania 4 361 65 143Virginia 2 349 69 146

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 67 144

USA Averages 1320 343 67 145

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 67 145

13 moisture basisdagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)Dagger Five essential amino acids (also know n as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and tryptophan

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 4 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Amino Acid (AA) Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Lysine (18 AAs)

5 EAAsDagger

(18 AAs)

QUALITY REPORT 2016

15

Year Yield Protein Oil Sumdagger Harvested Production Protein Oil

(kg ha-1) () () () (M ha-1) (M MT) Std Dev Std Dev

1986 2241 358 185 543 236 529 14 07

1987 2281 355 191 546 232 528 16 07

1988 1817 351 193 544 232 422 15 08

1989 2173 352 187 539 241 524 15 08

1990 2295 354 192 546 229 525 12 07

1991 2301 355 187 541 235 540 14 09

1992 2530 356 173 528 236 596 14 10

1993 2194 357 180 538 232 509 12 09

1994 2786 354 182 536 246 686 14 09

1995 2375 355 182 536 249 592 14 09

1996 2530 356 179 535 257 649 13 09

1997 2618 346 185 530 280 732 15 10

1998 2618 361 191 553 285 746 15 08

1999 2456 346 186 532 294 721 19 11

2000 2557 362 187 549 296 756 17 09

2001 2651 350 190 540 300 796 20 11

2002 2490 354 194 548 291 722 16 09

2003 2288 357 187 543 294 672 17 12

2004 2826 351 186 537 300 846 15 09

2005 2893 349 194 543 292 834 15 09

2006Dagger 2873 345 192 537 302 868 16 10

2007Dagger 2806 352 186 539 260 729 12 08

2008Dagger 2644 341 191 532 301 796 14 08

2009Dagger 2961 353 186 539 309 915 12 09

2010Dagger 2954 350 186 536 311 919 14 12

2011Dagger 2793 349 181 530 298 834 22 18

2012Dagger 2678 343 185 528 308 826 16 09

2013Dagger 2961 347 190 537 309 915 11 10

2014Dagger 3196 344 186 530 338 1078 13 09

2015Dagger 3176 343 198 541 331 1059 11 082016Dagger 3459 344 193 537 336 1163 11 07

Averages (2006-2015) 2904 347 188 535 307 894 14 10

Averages (1986-2015) 2599 351 187 538 277 729 15 09

Sources US Dept of Agriculture Iowa State University and University of MinnesotaProtein and oil concentrations expressed on a 13 moisture basisdaggerSum represents sum of protein and oil concentrationsDagger2006 - 2016 quality estimates are weighted by yearly production estimates by state

Table 5 Historical Summary of Yield and Quality Data for US Soybeans

QUALITY REPORT 2016

16

Contact Information

DR SETH L NAEVE SOYBEAN EXTENSION AGRONOMIST

DR JILL MILLER-GARVIN RESEARCHER

Naeve002umnedu mille443umnedu

University of Minnesota Department of Agronomy amp Plant Genetics 411 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle St Paul MN 55108 Tel 612-625-4298 Fax 612-624-3288 wwwussecorgresourcesstatisticshtml wwwsoybeansumnedu

Funding provided by United States Soybean Export Council (USSEC)

• Summary
• 2016 Acreage Yields and Total Production
• Quality of the 2016 US Soybean Crop
• Interpretation of Protein and Oil Results
• Interpretation of Seed Size AND FOREIGN MATERIAL Results
• Amino Acids
• Weather and Crop Summary
• REFERENCES
• Contact Information

QUALITY REPORT 2016

13

Seed ForeignWeight Material

g 100 seeds-1 ()

Iowa 208 160 15 01 02Kansas 23 164 17 01 01Minnesota 226 168 15 02 04Missouri 59 153 17 01 02Nebraska 89 164 15 01 02North Dakota 77 169 18 01 01South Dakota 69 174 14 01 02

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 164 16 01 02

Illinois 236 164 16 02 05Indiana 68 172 17 01 01Michigan 35 180 24 01 01Ohio 95 179 17 01 01Wisconsin 16 174 20 00 01

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 171 17 01 03

Arkansas 30 138 14 04 05Kentucky 10 147 12 01 01Louisiana 12 162 21 05 07Mississippi 24 145 14 03 03Oklahoma 1 163 00Tennessee 16 144 18 02 01Texas 1 133 00

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 145 15 03 03

Alabama 2 135 05 01 01Georgia 1 149 00North Carolina 3 149 22 02 03South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 146 19 02 03

Delaware 2 160 07 00 00Maryland 3 141 06 02 02New Jersey 3 134 15 12 18New York 5 186 22 00 00Pennsylvania 4 161 09 01 01Virginia 2 127 08 00 00

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 150 10 01 01

USA Averages 1320 165 01

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 163 16 01 02dagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)

Std Dev

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Table 3 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Seed Data

Region StateNumber of Samples Std Dev

QUALITY REPORT 2016

14

Protein()

Iowa 208 339 68 146Kansas 23 347 68 145Minnesota 226 339 68 146Missouri 59 343 67 145Nebraska 89 339 68 146North Dakota 77 338 67 146South Dakota 69 337 68 147

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 68 146

Illinois 236 343 67 145Indiana 68 347 67 144Michigan 35 354 67 144Ohio 95 350 66 144Wisconsin 16 343 67 145

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 67 144

Arkansas 30 352 66 144Kentucky 10 351 66 145Louisiana 12 359 64 141Mississippi 24 350 66 144Oklahoma 1 355 67 146Tennessee 16 353 66 144Texas 1 336 68 146

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 66 144

Alabama 2 342 67 145Georgia 1 326 69 149North Carolina 3 336 67 145South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 67 145

Delaware 2 352 64 142Maryland 3 344 68 145New Jersey 3 360 64 141New York 5 352 65 143Pennsylvania 4 361 65 143Virginia 2 349 69 146

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 67 144

USA Averages 1320 343 67 145

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 67 145

13 moisture basisdagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)Dagger Five essential amino acids (also know n as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and tryptophan

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 4 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Amino Acid (AA) Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Lysine (18 AAs)

5 EAAsDagger

(18 AAs)

QUALITY REPORT 2016

15

Year Yield Protein Oil Sumdagger Harvested Production Protein Oil

(kg ha-1) () () () (M ha-1) (M MT) Std Dev Std Dev

1986 2241 358 185 543 236 529 14 07

1987 2281 355 191 546 232 528 16 07

1988 1817 351 193 544 232 422 15 08

1989 2173 352 187 539 241 524 15 08

1990 2295 354 192 546 229 525 12 07

1991 2301 355 187 541 235 540 14 09

1992 2530 356 173 528 236 596 14 10

1993 2194 357 180 538 232 509 12 09

1994 2786 354 182 536 246 686 14 09

1995 2375 355 182 536 249 592 14 09

1996 2530 356 179 535 257 649 13 09

1997 2618 346 185 530 280 732 15 10

1998 2618 361 191 553 285 746 15 08

1999 2456 346 186 532 294 721 19 11

2000 2557 362 187 549 296 756 17 09

2001 2651 350 190 540 300 796 20 11

2002 2490 354 194 548 291 722 16 09

2003 2288 357 187 543 294 672 17 12

2004 2826 351 186 537 300 846 15 09

2005 2893 349 194 543 292 834 15 09

2006Dagger 2873 345 192 537 302 868 16 10

2007Dagger 2806 352 186 539 260 729 12 08

2008Dagger 2644 341 191 532 301 796 14 08

2009Dagger 2961 353 186 539 309 915 12 09

2010Dagger 2954 350 186 536 311 919 14 12

2011Dagger 2793 349 181 530 298 834 22 18

2012Dagger 2678 343 185 528 308 826 16 09

2013Dagger 2961 347 190 537 309 915 11 10

2014Dagger 3196 344 186 530 338 1078 13 09

2015Dagger 3176 343 198 541 331 1059 11 082016Dagger 3459 344 193 537 336 1163 11 07

Averages (2006-2015) 2904 347 188 535 307 894 14 10

Averages (1986-2015) 2599 351 187 538 277 729 15 09

Sources US Dept of Agriculture Iowa State University and University of MinnesotaProtein and oil concentrations expressed on a 13 moisture basisdaggerSum represents sum of protein and oil concentrationsDagger2006 - 2016 quality estimates are weighted by yearly production estimates by state

Table 5 Historical Summary of Yield and Quality Data for US Soybeans

QUALITY REPORT 2016

16

Contact Information

DR SETH L NAEVE SOYBEAN EXTENSION AGRONOMIST

DR JILL MILLER-GARVIN RESEARCHER

Naeve002umnedu mille443umnedu

University of Minnesota Department of Agronomy amp Plant Genetics 411 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle St Paul MN 55108 Tel 612-625-4298 Fax 612-624-3288 wwwussecorgresourcesstatisticshtml wwwsoybeansumnedu

Funding provided by United States Soybean Export Council (USSEC)

• Summary
• 2016 Acreage Yields and Total Production
• Quality of the 2016 US Soybean Crop
• Interpretation of Protein and Oil Results
• Interpretation of Seed Size AND FOREIGN MATERIAL Results
• Amino Acids
• Weather and Crop Summary
• REFERENCES
• Contact Information

QUALITY REPORT 2016

14

Protein()

Iowa 208 339 68 146Kansas 23 347 68 145Minnesota 226 339 68 146Missouri 59 343 67 145Nebraska 89 339 68 146North Dakota 77 338 67 146South Dakota 69 337 68 147

Averagesdagger Western Corn Belt 751 340 68 146

Illinois 236 343 67 145Indiana 68 347 67 144Michigan 35 354 67 144Ohio 95 350 66 144Wisconsin 16 343 67 145

Averagesdagger Eastern Corn Belt 450 346 67 144

Arkansas 30 352 66 144Kentucky 10 351 66 145Louisiana 12 359 64 141Mississippi 24 350 66 144Oklahoma 1 355 67 146Tennessee 16 353 66 144Texas 1 336 68 146

Averagesdagger Midsouth 94 352 66 144

Alabama 2 342 67 145Georgia 1 326 69 149North Carolina 3 336 67 145South Carolina 0

Averagesdagger Southeast 6 337 67 145

Delaware 2 352 64 142Maryland 3 344 68 145New Jersey 3 360 64 141New York 5 352 65 143Pennsylvania 4 361 65 143Virginia 2 349 69 146

Averagesdagger East Coast 19 352 67 144

USA Averages 1320 343 67 145

Average of 2016 Cropdagger 344 67 145

13 moisture basisdagger Regional and US average values w eighted based on estimated production by state as estimated by USDA NASS Crop Production Report (October 2016)Dagger Five essential amino acids (also know n as CAAV) cysteine lysine methionine threonine and tryptophan

Eastern Corn Belt (ECB)

Midsouth (MDS)

Southeast (SE)

East Coast (EC)

Table 4 USSEC 2016 Soybean Quality Survey Amino Acid (AA) Data

Region State Number of Samples

Western Corn Belt (WCB)

Lysine (18 AAs)

5 EAAsDagger

(18 AAs)

QUALITY REPORT 2016

15

Year Yield Protein Oil Sumdagger Harvested Production Protein Oil

(kg ha-1) () () () (M ha-1) (M MT) Std Dev Std Dev

1986 2241 358 185 543 236 529 14 07

1987 2281 355 191 546 232 528 16 07

1988 1817 351 193 544 232 422 15 08

1989 2173 352 187 539 241 524 15 08

1990 2295 354 192 546 229 525 12 07

1991 2301 355 187 541 235 540 14 09

1992 2530 356 173 528 236 596 14 10

1993 2194 357 180 538 232 509 12 09

1994 2786 354 182 536 246 686 14 09

1995 2375 355 182 536 249 592 14 09

1996 2530 356 179 535 257 649 13 09

1997 2618 346 185 530 280 732 15 10

1998 2618 361 191 553 285 746 15 08

1999 2456 346 186 532 294 721 19 11

2000 2557 362 187 549 296 756 17 09

2001 2651 350 190 540 300 796 20 11

2002 2490 354 194 548 291 722 16 09

2003 2288 357 187 543 294 672 17 12

2004 2826 351 186 537 300 846 15 09

2005 2893 349 194 543 292 834 15 09

2006Dagger 2873 345 192 537 302 868 16 10

2007Dagger 2806 352 186 539 260 729 12 08

2008Dagger 2644 341 191 532 301 796 14 08

2009Dagger 2961 353 186 539 309 915 12 09

2010Dagger 2954 350 186 536 311 919 14 12

2011Dagger 2793 349 181 530 298 834 22 18

2012Dagger 2678 343 185 528 308 826 16 09

2013Dagger 2961 347 190 537 309 915 11 10

2014Dagger 3196 344 186 530 338 1078 13 09

2015Dagger 3176 343 198 541 331 1059 11 082016Dagger 3459 344 193 537 336 1163 11 07

Averages (2006-2015) 2904 347 188 535 307 894 14 10

Averages (1986-2015) 2599 351 187 538 277 729 15 09

Sources US Dept of Agriculture Iowa State University and University of MinnesotaProtein and oil concentrations expressed on a 13 moisture basisdaggerSum represents sum of protein and oil concentrationsDagger2006 - 2016 quality estimates are weighted by yearly production estimates by state

Table 5 Historical Summary of Yield and Quality Data for US Soybeans

QUALITY REPORT 2016

16

Contact Information

DR SETH L NAEVE SOYBEAN EXTENSION AGRONOMIST

DR JILL MILLER-GARVIN RESEARCHER

Naeve002umnedu mille443umnedu

University of Minnesota Department of Agronomy amp Plant Genetics 411 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle St Paul MN 55108 Tel 612-625-4298 Fax 612-624-3288 wwwussecorgresourcesstatisticshtml wwwsoybeansumnedu

Funding provided by United States Soybean Export Council (USSEC)

• Summary
• 2016 Acreage Yields and Total Production
• Quality of the 2016 US Soybean Crop
• Interpretation of Protein and Oil Results
• Interpretation of Seed Size AND FOREIGN MATERIAL Results
• Amino Acids
• Weather and Crop Summary
• REFERENCES
• Contact Information

QUALITY REPORT 2016

15

Year Yield Protein Oil Sumdagger Harvested Production Protein Oil

(kg ha-1) () () () (M ha-1) (M MT) Std Dev Std Dev

1986 2241 358 185 543 236 529 14 07

1987 2281 355 191 546 232 528 16 07

1988 1817 351 193 544 232 422 15 08

1989 2173 352 187 539 241 524 15 08

1990 2295 354 192 546 229 525 12 07

1991 2301 355 187 541 235 540 14 09

1992 2530 356 173 528 236 596 14 10

1993 2194 357 180 538 232 509 12 09

1994 2786 354 182 536 246 686 14 09

1995 2375 355 182 536 249 592 14 09

1996 2530 356 179 535 257 649 13 09

1997 2618 346 185 530 280 732 15 10

1998 2618 361 191 553 285 746 15 08

1999 2456 346 186 532 294 721 19 11

2000 2557 362 187 549 296 756 17 09

2001 2651 350 190 540 300 796 20 11

2002 2490 354 194 548 291 722 16 09

2003 2288 357 187 543 294 672 17 12

2004 2826 351 186 537 300 846 15 09

2005 2893 349 194 543 292 834 15 09

2006Dagger 2873 345 192 537 302 868 16 10

2007Dagger 2806 352 186 539 260 729 12 08

2008Dagger 2644 341 191 532 301 796 14 08

2009Dagger 2961 353 186 539 309 915 12 09

2010Dagger 2954 350 186 536 311 919 14 12

2011Dagger 2793 349 181 530 298 834 22 18

2012Dagger 2678 343 185 528 308 826 16 09

2013Dagger 2961 347 190 537 309 915 11 10

2014Dagger 3196 344 186 530 338 1078 13 09

2015Dagger 3176 343 198 541 331 1059 11 082016Dagger 3459 344 193 537 336 1163 11 07

Averages (2006-2015) 2904 347 188 535 307 894 14 10

Averages (1986-2015) 2599 351 187 538 277 729 15 09

Sources US Dept of Agriculture Iowa State University and University of MinnesotaProtein and oil concentrations expressed on a 13 moisture basisdaggerSum represents sum of protein and oil concentrationsDagger2006 - 2016 quality estimates are weighted by yearly production estimates by state

Table 5 Historical Summary of Yield and Quality Data for US Soybeans

QUALITY REPORT 2016

16

Contact Information

DR SETH L NAEVE SOYBEAN EXTENSION AGRONOMIST

DR JILL MILLER-GARVIN RESEARCHER

Naeve002umnedu mille443umnedu

University of Minnesota Department of Agronomy amp Plant Genetics 411 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle St Paul MN 55108 Tel 612-625-4298 Fax 612-624-3288 wwwussecorgresourcesstatisticshtml wwwsoybeansumnedu

Funding provided by United States Soybean Export Council (USSEC)

• Summary
• 2016 Acreage Yields and Total Production
• Quality of the 2016 US Soybean Crop
• Interpretation of Protein and Oil Results
• Interpretation of Seed Size AND FOREIGN MATERIAL Results
• Amino Acids
• Weather and Crop Summary
• REFERENCES
• Contact Information

QUALITY REPORT 2016

16

Contact Information

DR SETH L NAEVE SOYBEAN EXTENSION AGRONOMIST

DR JILL MILLER-GARVIN RESEARCHER

Naeve002umnedu mille443umnedu

University of Minnesota Department of Agronomy amp Plant Genetics 411 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle St Paul MN 55108 Tel 612-625-4298 Fax 612-624-3288 wwwussecorgresourcesstatisticshtml wwwsoybeansumnedu

Funding provided by United States Soybean Export Council (USSEC)

• Summary
• 2016 Acreage Yields and Total Production
• Quality of the 2016 US Soybean Crop
• Interpretation of Protein and Oil Results
• Interpretation of Seed Size AND FOREIGN MATERIAL Results
• Amino Acids
• Weather and Crop Summary
• REFERENCES
• Contact Information