Warsaw Pact

Countries

United States Soviet Union

SSUSH 20

After World War II the United States and the Soviet Union possessed NUCLEAR weapons. Each had the

capacity to make an ATOMIC bomb and attack and destroy the other. This caused FEAR for both.

The United States feared

COMMUNISM because the U.S. was

based on CAPITALISM which

protected DEMOCRACY, private

PROPERTY, the right to make a PROFIT

and the Market ECONOMY. After the

Soviet Union announced that it

wanted to spread COMMUNISM

throughout the world the U.S. created

NATO or the NORTH ATLANTIC

TREATY ORGANIZATION and

committed to stopping the spread of

COMMUNISM in Europe.

The Soviet Union wanted to

spread COMMUNISM throughout

the world and destroy

CAPITALISM wherever it was.

After the U.S. formed NATO the

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

the Soviet Union formed the

WARSAW PACT to resist Capitalist

European Countries. This conflict

lasted until 1989.

COLD WAR 1945-1989

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The Theory that if one country falls to COMMUNISM then its neighbor will also

fall to COMMUNISM is called the DOMINO THEORY This thinking caused the

U.S. to create the foreign Policy known as CONTAINMENT (which meant the

U.S. foreign policies goal was to stop COMMUNISM). Because of these theories

the U.S. had foreign problems and wars in KOREA, VIETNAM, and CUBA.

SSUSH 20

Containment

SSUSH 20a

Marshall Plan

Containment & Commitment to Europe Truman Doctrine (1947)

"The policy of the United

States is to support free

peoples who are resisting

attempted subjugation

by armed minorities or by

outside pressures."

The United States began using a foreign policy known

as CONTAINMENT because the Soviet Union publicly

announced that it wanted to SPREAD communism to

other COUNTRIES throughout the WORLD. The U.S.

took this as a THREAT, committed to Europe, and

immediately formed the NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY

ORGANIZATION (NATO) which used the policy of

CONTAINMENT which means the goal of STOPPING

the spread of COMMUNISM throughout the WORLD.

President Harry Truman proclaimed the

U.S. would supply any nation with

FINANCIAL and MILITARY aid to prevent

it from falling to COMMUNISM.

Program to help FOREIGN countries

recover from the damages of WWII. U.S.

provided $13 million to help rebuild

western EUROPE with _ECONOMIC and

HUMANITARIAN assistance to oppose the

spread of COMMUNISM. Lasted from

1947-1951 (4 years).

Senator Joseph McCarthy

Fall of China

Korean WAR

SSUSH 20b

Rise of Joseph McCarthy

“Are you now or have you ever been a

member of the Communist Party of

the United States?”

After a COMMUNIST regime under the

leadership of Mao Zedong took control of

CHINA in 1950, Americans had an increased

FEAR of COMMUNISM.

The United States went to war in Korea in

1950 to help SOUTH Korea resist against

NORTH Korea who were being aided by the

new communist country of CHINA to spread

COMMUNISM into all of Korea.

The spread of COMMUNISM in Asia caused alarm in Americans

who desired and called for U.S. INTERVENTION to STOP the

spread of COMMUNISM before it came to the United States.

“McCarthyism” Senator JOSEPH MCCARTHY began making accusations that the

COMMUNIST had INFILTRATED the highest levels of the U.S.

GOVERNMENT and the U.S. MILITARY. This led to FEAR within

the U.S. of COMMUNISM known as the RED SCARE of the 1950s.

McCarthy formed a committee in Congress known as HUAC or

HOUSE UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES COMMITTEE that eventually

violated the CIVIL RIGHTS of potential COMMUNIST members

within the United States.

Senator MCCARTHY lost influence

after TV debates in which people

began to view him as CRAZY and

PARANOID.

SSUSH 20C

Cuba Missile Crisis

Fidel CASTRO became prime minister of

Cuba and at first had U.S. SUPPORT. The

U.S. turned against Castro when he

SUSPENDED all elections, named himself

PRESIDENT for LIFE and sided with the

SOVIET UNION.

The Soviet Union placed nuclear MISSILES on Cuba so Cuba could use them the next time the U.S. tried to INVADE.

A U.S. spy PLANE took pictures of the MISSILE site and reacted by BLOCKADING Cuba and threatened to INVADE

unless the SOVIET UNION removed its NUCLEAR MISSILES. The standoff lasted for 13 days and it was the closest

the U.S. and the Soviet Union come to a NUCLEAR war. The Crisis ended when the U.S. made a secret promise not

to INVADE Cuba and also to remove U.S. MISSILES from TURKEY.

Since CUBA was only 90 miles from the United

States the U.S. CIA TRAINED and ARMED Cuban

REBELS and EXILES to INVADE Cuba and KILL Fidel

Castro. The small force was crushed by Fidel

Castro’s Army and Castro refused to let the 1200

captured go unless the U.S. gave him $53 Million

worth of FOOD and SUPPLIES to Cuba. The most

important thing to remember is that this resulted in

CASTRO asking the SOVIET UNION for help against

the United States.

Cuban Revolution, 1956 Bay of Pigs

Vietnam War News Coverage

SSUSH 20d

Vietnam War, Tet Offensive, & Opposition to the War

The Vietnam War, just as Korea and Cuba, was part of the COLD WAR. The U.S. was attempting to stop

the Spread of Communism and keep it from spreading to the United States.

Tet Offense The Vietnam War was a struggle

between the UNITED STATES and

the SOVIET UNION over control of

Vietnam. The U.S. controlled

South Vietnam while the SOVIET

UNION controlled North Vietnam.

In the 1960’s involvement in the

war INCREASED and it lasted until

1973. The U.S. believed that if

Vietnam fell to COMMUNISM

other countries in Southeast Asia

would fall too.

The North Vietnamese dealt a

devastating blow to the U.S. in

1968. The VIETCONG and

North Vietnamese began an

EIGHT Month campaign to end

the war known as the TET

OFFENSIVE. This was the

VIETCONG’s largest OFENSIVE

battle of the war and by far the

most damaging in the Vietnam

War. Even though the U.S. won

they were dealt a

PSYCHOLOGICAL defeat.

In 1968, the Tet Offensive was

widely watched by American

VIEWERS at home on the

TELEVISION. The violence that

happened and that people

watched made many in the U.S.

turn AGAINST the war in Vietnam.

Large PROTEST groups formed in

the U.S., especially COLLEGE

students who called for ENDING

the war.

SSUSH 20e

Geography of U.S. Containment Korea was split during the Korean

War at the 38TH parallel. North

Korea was COMMUNIST and backed

by the SOVIET UNION and South

Korea was CAPITALIST and backed

by the UNITED STATES. Korea is

today separated at the 38TH

parallel.

Vietnam was split during the

Vietnam War at the 17TH parallel.

North Vietnam was COMMUNIST

and backed by the SOVIET UNION

and South Vietnam was CAPITALIST

and backed by the UNITED STATES.

It is no longer split.

The geography of the Cuban Missile Crisis

and the Bay of Pigs incident is so

important because those locations

proximity is so close to the UNITED STATES

Cuba is 90 miles from Florida.

When the Soviet Union launched SPUTNIK I the U.S. became worried and started COMPETING with the Soviet

Union for SPACE technology.

SSUSH 21d

In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first artificial SATELLITE called SPUTNIK I. This incident caused many Americans to believe that the United States had FALLEN BEHIND the Soviet Union in understanding SCIENCE and the use of TECHNOLOGY. The U.S. responded when President Dwight D. EISENHOWER signed into law the NATIONAL AERONAUTICS SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA) to explore SPACE. The U.S. government also spent a lot of MONEY in increasing education in MATH and SCIENCE. The launch also increased COLD WAR tensions by increasing U.S. FEAR that the Soviet Union would use ROCKETS to launch NUCLEAR WEAPONS against them.

Competition with the USSR