united states naval sea cadet corps region 7-1 – recruit training chemistry and classes of fire
TRANSCRIPT
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Chemistry and Classes of Fire
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Class Objectives
1. Identify the elements of the fire triangle and fire tetrahedron.
2. Explain the principle of the fire triangle and fire tetrahedron as applied to extinguishing a fire.
3. Identify the characteristics of the four classes of fire and the agents used to extinguish them.
4. Identify procedures to prevent fire.
5. Explain the relationship between teamwork and procedures to prevent fire.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
The Fire Triangle
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
The Fire Tetrahedron
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
General Principles of Fire Triangle/Tetrahedron
X
X Remove any one element –
Extinguish the fire!
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Methods of Removal
Remove Oxygen
Fire is smothered through
application of:
• CO2
• Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Methods of Removal
Remove Fuel
Prevents additional fuel
from contacting fire:
• Close fuel oil supply lines
• Jettisoning burning aircraft over side of carrier
• Move combustible materials to a safe area
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Methods of Removal
Remove Heat
Lower the temperature of
the fire by using:
• Water
• AFFF
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Methods of Removal
Interrupt Chemical
Reaction
Interrupt the chemical
reaction by using:
• Halon
• Potassium Bicarbonate (PKP)
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of Fire
Class A
Characteristics:
• Involves solid materials (wood, paper, cloth, etc.)
• Leaves ashes or embers
• Identified by white smoke
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of FireClass A
Extinguishing Agents:
1. Water
• Most common and available agent
• Extinguishes fire by reducing heat
• Applied as a:– High Velocity Fog– Solid Stream
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of FireClass A
Extinguishing Agents:
1. CO2
• Smothers the fire by displacing Oxygen
• Most effective in small confined spaces
• Does NOT prevent reflash
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of Fire
Class B
Characteristics:
• Involves flammable liquids and gasses
– Fuel Oil– Kerosene– Liquid Paint
• Identified by heavy black smoke
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of FireClass B
Extinguishing Agents:
1. AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam)
• A solution made of seawater and AFFF concentrate
• Forms a liquid foam blanket and vapor tight seal over a burning liquid
• Smothers the fire by cutting off the oxygen supply
• Prevents reflash
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of Fire
Class B
Extinguishing Agents:
2. Potassium Bicarbonate (PKP) dry foam
• Extinguishes by interrupting the chemical reaction
• Most effective on small fires• Designed for metallurgical
fires• Destroys electrical circuitry• Does NOT prevent reflash
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of Fire
Class B
Extinguishing Agents:
3. Water Fog
• Very effective, but must be applied directly to the area to be cooled
• Straight stream is ineffective for extinguishing Class B fires
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of Fire
Class B
Extinguishing Agents:
4. Halon 1301
• Colorless, odorless gas• Extinguishes fire by
interrupting chemical reaction• Does NOT prevent reflash
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of Fire
Class B
Extinguishing Agents:
5. CO2
• Smothers the fire by displacing Oxygen
• Most effective in small confines spaces
• Does NOT prevent reflash
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of Fire
Class B
Extinguishing Agents:
6. APC (Aqueous Potassium Carbonate)
• Used in the ship’s galley to extinguish burning cooking oil and grease
• A soap like solution• Smothers the fire• Prevents reflash
Picture illustrates what happens when a standard fire extinguisher is used on a grease fire.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of Fire
Class C
Characteristics:
• Involves electrical equipment
• Electrical power should be secured before attacking fire
• Identified by blue smoke, arcs, and sparks.
1 6 ON
2 7
3 8
4 9
5 1 0
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of Fire
Class C
Extinguishing Agents:
1. CO2
2. Water Fog
3. PKP• Use only as a last resort• Will completely damage
electrical equipment because of corrosion
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of FireClass D
Characteristics:
• Involves combustible metals and hazardous materials
• Magnesium (aircraft landing gear, wheels, & engine parts)
• Flares• Titanium (aircraft engine parts
and fire walls)• Sodium
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Classes of Fire
Class D
Extinguishing Agents:
1. Jettison
2. Low Velocity Water Fog
• NEVER use a solid stream of water of a Class D fire
• Burning magnesium will break down a solid stream of water into hydrogen and oxygen and cause an explosion!
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Fire Prevention
1. Keep working and living area clean.
2. Keep electrical appliances in good working order – and don’t overload outlets.
3. Safeguard all flammable products.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Summary & Review
Fire Triangle
HEAT
OXYGEN
FUEL
Fire Tetrahedron
Chemical Reaction
XX
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Burning Wood, Cloth, or Paper
ABurning Fuel, Oil, or Kerosene
BElectrical Fire
Burning Metal or Hazardous Material
CD
Summary & Review
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Summary & Review
Extinguishing a CLASS A Fire
WATER CO2
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Summary & Review
Extinguishing a CLASS B Fire
• AFFF• PKP• Water• Halon• CO2• APC
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Summary & Review
Extinguishing a CLASS C Fire
WATER FOGCO2 PKP
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Summary & Review
Extinguishing a CLASS D Fire
JETTISON LOW VELOCITY FOG
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Questions?