unit9. software quality standards
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Unit9. Software Quality Standards
Software Quality
A Standard is a document of voluntary application, containing technical specifications based on experience and technological development results.
Standards are developed by consensus among every part involved or interested in activities concerning to it. Moreover, it must be approved by a Standards organization.
Standards
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Standardization
Standardization is the process of
elaboration, application, and
improvement of standards, which are
applied to different scientific, industrial
or economic activities with the purpose
of ordering and improving them.
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Goals:
• Simplification: Reduce models
maintaining only what is necessary.
• Unification: Permit changeability at
international level.
• Specification: Create a common
language to avoid identification errors.
Standardization
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there are two international standards
organizations:
• IEC International Electrotechnical
Commission, responsible of electrotechnic
and electronic standards.
• ISO International Organization for
Standardization, which covers the rest of
activity sectors.
International Standards
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• ISO & IEC share the responsibility of
developing standards related to
Information Technologies.
• To adopt standards elaborated by ISO or
IEC is not mandatory for countries
members of these organizations.
ISO & IEC
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• CEN European Committee for Standardization.
• CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.
• ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute.
European standardization organisms force all their members to adopt, without modifications, European standards developed by them.
European standards are systematically incorporated to AENOR catalog, reaching category of national standards.
European Standards
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• AENOR began in 1986, Real Decreto
1614/1985, it is the only one Spanish
Standards Organization approved for
developing standardization and certification
tasks in our country.
• AENOR is member and represents Spain in
International Standards Organizations (ISO,
IEC, CEN, CENELEC, ETSI, COPANT).
AENOR
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ISO is not an acronym for the organization's full name in either official language; rather, the organization adopted ISO based on the Greek word isos (ἴσος), meaning equal
ISO has three membership categories:
• Member bodies, one per country.
• Correspondent members are countries that do not have their own standards organization.
• Subscriber members are countries with small
economies. They pay reduced membership fees, but
can follow the development of standards.Calidad del Software
ISO
Importance of Standards
• A standard is defined as the set of fulfilling of
a quality criteria. It defines the range of
quality acceptance for a determined process.
• They offer a set of best practices, avoiding
repeated errors and catching valuable
knowledge for the organization.
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Standards and Models
Image obtained from INTECO : www.inteco.es/. Curso de Metodologías y Certificaciones
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Quality Management
Governance level
Processes improvement
Development Services Acquisition
ISO 9000 Standard Family
• The set of ISO 9000 standards constitute a
family of international standards and quality
guides world wide recognized. They shape
the base for establishing Quality
Management Systems.
• Application field of these standards are any
kind of enterprise independently of their
size or activity.
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The family is composed by the following 4 standards:
•UNE-EN ISO 9000. Quality Management Systems.
Fundamentals and vocabulary.
•UNE-EN ISO 9001. Quality Management Systems.
Requirements.
•UNE-EN ISO 9004. Quality Management Systems.
Instructions for performance improvement.
•UNE-EN ISO 19011. Guidelines for auditing
Quality/Environmental Management Systems.
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ISO 9000 Standard Family
ISO 9000 presents organization as a socio-technical
complex system in which organization not only deals
with productive system results, but also to get
advantage of resources, specially human resources,
to get a bigger flexibility.
This philosophy is based on:
• Improvement cycle.
• Processes based approach.
ISO 9000 Standard Family
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ISO 9000:2000
It describes quality fundamentals and its purpose is
to establish a specific terminology of using in the
family of standards, like in ISO 9001 and in ISO 9004.
It defines a series of basic principles to be promoted
from the organization management that pretend to
obtain a continual improvement.
This principles are known as Quality Management
Principles.
ISO 9000 Standards Family
ISO 9000 is based on eight quality management
principles:
• customer focus.
• Leadership.
• Involvement of people.
• Process approach.
• System approach to management.
• Continual improvement.
• Factual approach to decision making.
• Mutually beneficial supplier relationship.
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ISO 9000:2000
Standard ISO 9001 specifies requirement for
a quality management system that can be
internally used in the organization, for its
certification or with contractual aims. It is
focused on quality management system
efficacy in order to fulfill customer´s
requirement.
ISO 9001:2008
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• Contents:
• Front page.
• Antecedents.
• Declaration.
• Prologue.
• Introduction.
1. Guides and general descriptions.
2. Normative references.
3. Terms and definitions.
ISO 9001:2008
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4. Quality Management System ( it contains the general requirements and documentation requirements).
5. Management responsibility ( it contains management commitments like policy and responsibilities).
6. Resource management (Human resources, infrastructure and work environment)
ISO 9001:2008
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7. Product realization (productive requirement, from customer attention to product or service delivery).
8. Measurement, Analysis and improvement (processes of taking information, analysis and improvement plans)
• Annexes A y B
• Bibliography
ISO 9001:2008
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AENOR Certification
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ISO 9000
Certification Process
Application
1
Documentation study
and previous visit
2
Audit
3
Response to Audit
(Corrective actions plan)
4
Are requirement
achieved?
Certification
6
Assessment and
Decision
5
YesNo
Annual tracking
• This standard establishes guidelines for continual improvement and global efficiency for those organization whishing to move beyond the requirements of ISO 9001.
• It exposes recommendations to develop the improvement of quality management system, and additional explanations with relation to requirements of standard ISO 9001:2000.
ISO 9004:2000
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• ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 have been developed as a
consistent pair of quality management system
standards which have been designed to complement
each other
• ISO 9001 specifies requirements for a quality
management system, while the other one
complements the first one when proposes ideas for
organization improvement.
• ISO 9004 is not intended for certification or
contractual purposes. Only ISO 9001 can be certified.
Relationship between
ISO 9001 & ISO 9004
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• ISO 9126 is an international standard for software evaluation.
• It is supervised by SQuaRe Project, ISO 25000:2005.
• ISO 9126 defines a quality model in which is determined every characteristic that a software model must fulfill to satisfy established needs.
• It is thought for developers, acquirers, quality and assessment people, responsible of specifying and assessing software product quality.
ISO/IEC 9126
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The standard is divided into four main parts:
• Quality model
• External metrics
• Internal metrics
• Quality in use metrics
Software quality can be evaluated by measuring internal attributes (static measures or intermediate products) or external attributes (code behavior when software is running).
ISO/IEC 9126
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ISO/IEC 9126 & ISO/IEC 14598
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• ISO 25000:2005 (SQuaRE -Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation) base on ISO 9126 & ISO 14598, it provides a general vision of contents, models and definitions need to obtain software of quality and to evaluate software quality.
• It contains an explanation of processes transition among ISO 9126, ISO 14598 and SQuaRe.
ISO 25000:2005
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Integration of ISO 9126, ISO 15939 (Measurement Process), and ISO 14598 (Evaluation Process) permits to think about a 4 steps process:
•Requirements identification related with softwareproduct quality, that is to select quality model partrelevant to quality evaluation (ISO/IEC 9126-n).
• Identification of the interpretational context. That is,selection of reference values, and targets determinationin a determined context.
•To use measures produced in data elaboration stage.
•Analysis and comparison of obtained results with the setof reference values.
ISO 25000:2005
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It is composed by 14 documents assembled into 5
divisions:
• Quality Management Division ISO 2500n: (1)
Guide for SquaRE – Structure & Terminology
Overview and (2) Scheduling and y Management– it
provides a guide to plan and manage software
evaluations.
Quality Model Division ISO 2501n: it describes the
internal and external quality model and quality in
use (characteristics and subcharacteristics)
ISO 25000:2005
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Quality Measurement Division ISO 2502n: measurementprimitives, internal quality measurements, external qualitymeasurements and quality in use measurements.
Quality Requirements Division ISO 2503n: it enablessoftware product quality to be specified as qualityrequirements.
Quality Evaluation Division ISO 2504n: it providesrequirements for quality evaluation for: developers,acquirers, evaluators.
ISO 25000:2005
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Benefits of using ISO 25000
• Model represents expected software product quality.
• It distinguishes among needs on quality in use, external
quality and internal quality.
• It allows a bigger efficacy in software definition.
• It expresses intermediate products evaluation.
• It proposes a final quality by intermediate evaluations.
• It permits traceability among expectations, requirements
and evaluation measurements.
• It improves product quality.
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Process review principles are:
• Application to all product and service sectors, and to all kind of organizations.
• Easy of use, clear language, easy of translating and to make them more comprehensible.
• Ability to connect Quality Management Systems with process of the organization.
• Oriented to continual improvement and customer satisfaction.
• Compatibility with other management systems like ISO 14000 for environmental management.
Standards Reviews
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• Certification is an action carried out by an
organization recognized like confident and
independent of interested parts, by means
of that demonstrates the conformity of a
company, product or process, service or
person with the requirements defined in
standards or technical specifications.
Certification
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Certification Process
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Model’s
electionOrganization
Assessment
Organization
Situation
comparison
Improvement
Process
Design
Evaluation
for
Certification
Certification Process
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Stage 1 Diagnostic
Audit
Stage 2
Sensitization
Stage 3
Workshop of QMS Processes
Stage 4
QMS Documentation
Stage 5
Documentation
Stage 6
Internal Audit
Stage 7
Pre-internal
Audit of Certification
Stage 8
Corrective or preventive actions
Stage 9
Audit of Certification
Stage 10
Tracking
Quality
Management
System
10 Steps
towards
“Excellence”
Working Program
Deployment
AENOR
Audit