unit10 leadership notes
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Leadership
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LEADERSHIP
The capacity to develop and shapeorganizational routines, or tomaintain commitment to existingroutines.
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Leadership is the
ability to influencethe behaviour of
others.
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Leadership
The ability to inspire confidence and support
among the people who are needed to
achieve organizational goals
May be considered a long-term relationship,
or partnership, between leaders and group
members.
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Leadership versus Management
Leadership deals with:
Change
Inspiration
Motivation Influence
Management deals
with:
Planning
Organizing Directing
Controlling
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Definition
Leadership is basically a personal quality whichmotivates individual to follower leaders.
Leader tries to influence individuals to behave in
a particular manner
Relationship between leader and individual arises out of common goal
Leadership is a situational.
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Leadership Theories
There have been various theories by
researchers, behavioral scientists. Some of the
important approaches towards leadership are:
Trait Approach
Behavioral Approach
Situational Approach
Eclectic Approach.
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Group and Exchange Theories of
Leadership
Fiedlers Contingency Model of Leadership
Effectiveness
Path-goal Leadership Theory
Charisma: A Relationship between the Leader
and the Group Manager.
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Managerial Grid
One of the most widely known approaches ofleadership styles is the managerial grid developedby Blake and Mouton.
The grid identifies four leadership styles based on
two factors found in the organization i.e. Task andPeople Orientation:
Country Club Orientation
Impoverished OrientationTeam Orientation
Task Orientation.
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The
Managerial
Grid
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Leadership Skills
Leadership skills and practices recognizes theimportance of skills and how the leader behaves
and perform effectively. The list of critical
leadership skills are:
Cultural Flexibility
Communication skill
HRD skills
Creativity
Self management of learning.
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Ten Important Skills of Leaders
1. Verbal communication (including listening)
2. Managing time and stress
3. Managing individual decisions
4. Recognizing, defining, and solving problems
5. Motivating and influencing others6. Delegating
7. Setting goals and articulating a vision
8. Self awareness
9. Team building
10. Managing Conflict.
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The Entrepreneurial Leadership Style
Entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs often use a leadership
style that
Strong achievement motive
High degree of enthusiasm and creativity
Tendency to act quickly when opportunity arises
Constant hurry
Visionary perspective
Dislike of hierarchy and bureaucracy
Preference for dealing with external customers.
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General Personality Traits of Effective
Leaders
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Task-Related Personality Traits of Leaders
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Leadership Motives
Leaders generally have a strong desire
to influence and control others
This desire is evident in four needs ormotives.
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Leadership Motives
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Cognitive Factors
Leaders must have problem-solving and
intellectual skills to effectively gather,
process, and store essential information
Five cognitive factors related to leadership
effectiveness have been identified.
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Cognitive Factors and Leadership
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Nature versus Nurture
Are leaders born or are they made? Both. Individuals inherit a basic capacity to develop
personality traits and mental ability that sets
an outer limit on how extensively these traitscan be developed.
Environmental influences, in turn, determine
how much of an individuals potential will be
developed.
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Trait Approach
Strengths
Serves as a guide to
leader selection
Can guide individuals inpreparing for
leadership
Limitations
Does not identify which
characteristics are
absolutely needed Does not specify how
much of a trait or
characteristic is needed
Can breed an elitistconception of
leadership.
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Charisma Defined
Charisma has been defined various ways
Charisma is a Greek word meaning divinely
inspired gift
In leadership, charisma is a special quality of
leaders whose purposes, powers, and
extraordinary determination differentiate
them from others.
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Charisma : A Relationship
Key to charismatic leadership is the
interaction between leader and group
members
Charismatic qualities must be attributed to
the leader by group members
Charismatic leaders use impression
management to cultivate their relationships
with group members
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Characteristics
Visionary
Masterful communication
skills
Ability to inspire trust
Able to make group
members feel capable
Energy and action
orientation
Emotionalexpressiveness andwarmth
Romanticize risk
Unconventionalstrategies
Self-promoting
personality Dramatic and unique.
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Vision in Charismatic
Leadership
Vision is the ability to imagine different and
better conditions and ways to achieve them
A vision is a lofty, long-term goal
Charismatic leaders inspire others with their
vision.
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Transformational Leadership
The transformational leader helps bring about
major, positive changes
Transformational leaders move group
members beyond their self-interests for the
good of the group, organization, or society
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How Transformations Take Place
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A Model of Power and Influence
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Creativity and Innovation
Creativity is the production of novel anduseful ideas
Innovation refers to the creation of newideas and their implementation
Organizational creativity is the creationof a valuable, useful new product,service, idea, procedure, or process byindividuals working together in acomplex social system.
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Steps in the Creative Process
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Characteristics of Creative Leaders
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Componential Theory of Individual
Creativity
Creativity takes place when three components
join together
Expertise: the necessary knowledge to put facts
together
Creative thinking: the ability to imaginatively solve
problems
Task motivation: persevering or sticking with aproblem to a conclusion
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Concepts of Creative Thinking
A creative person thinks outside the box
People who are not creative suffer fromhardening of the categories
To be creative, one must develop newparadigms
Creativity requires overcoming traditional
mental sets Creative people engage in lateral thinking in
addition to vertical thinking
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Vertical and Lateral Thinking
Source: From Becoming a Master Manager: A Competency Framework, by Robert E. Quinn, Sue R. Faerman, Michael P.
Thompson, and Michael R. McGrath, Copyright 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This material is used by permission of John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Organizational Methods to Enhance
Creativity
Systematically collecting fresh ideas
Brainstorming
Using the pet-peeve technique
Using the forced-association technique
Equipping a kitchen for the mind
Engaging in playful physical activities
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Self-Help Techniques to Enhance
Creative Problem-Solving
Practicing creativity-enhancing exercises
Staying alert to opportunities
Using multiple senses when seeking solutions
Maintaining an enthusiastic attitude
Speaking to lead users
Maintaining and using an idea notebook
Playing the roles of explorer, artist, judge, andlawyer
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Leadership Practices for Enhancing
Creativity
Intellectual challenge
Freedom to choose the method
Ample supply of the right resources
Effective design of work groups
Supervisory encouragement
Organizational support
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Methods of Managing Creative
Workers
Give creative people tools and resources that
allow their work to stand out
Give creative people flexibility and a minimum
amount of structure
Employ creative people to manage and
evaluate creative workers
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Leadership Initiatives to Enhance
Innovation
Continually pursue innovation
Take risks and encourage risk-taking
Acquire innovative companies
Avoid innovation for its own sake
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Global Leadership Skills
Cultural sensitivity
Culturally adventurous
Good command of a second language.
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The Multicultural Organization
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Corporates similar individuals are citizens of the society in
which they exists and hence there is a need for them to besocially responsible.
CSR is concerned with the relationship of enterprise withvarious stake holders
Involves establishment of dialogue between the enterpriseand stake holder
Need for upholding of values and ethics by the corporateleaders
Dilemma between Social Responsibility Vs. Business Realityneed to balance.