unit vocabulary & notes stability and change. ecological succession (succession) process in...
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UNIT VOCABULARY&
NOTES
Stability and Change
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Ecological succession (succession)
Process in which communities of plant and animal species in a particular area are replaced over time by a series of different and often more complex communities
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Biomass
Organic matter produced by plants and other photosynthetic producers; total dry weight of all living organisms that can be supported at each trophic level in a food chain or web; dry weight of all organic matter in plants and animals in an ecosystem; plant materials and animal wastes used as fuel.
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Population
Group of individual organisms of the same species living in a particular area.
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Biotic Potential (reproductive potential)
Maximum rate at which the population of a given species can increase when there are no limits on its rate of growth.
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Exponential growth
Growth in which some quantity, such as population size or economic output, increases at a constant rate per unit of time. When the increase in quantity over time is plotted, this type of growth yields a “J” shaped curve.
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Carrying capacity
Maximum population of a particular species that a given habitat can support over a given period.
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Symbiosis
The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; there are various types of symbiotic relationships
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Parasitism
Interaction between species in which one organism, called the parasite, preys on another organism, called the host, by living on or in the host.
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Mutualism
Type of species interaction in which both participating species generally benefit.
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Commensalism
An interaction between organisms of different species in which one type of organism benefits and the other type is neither helped nor harmed to any great degree.
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Competition
Two types: intraspecific competition-two or more individual
organisms of a single species attempting to use the same scarce resources in the same ecosystem
interspecific competition- two or more individuals of different species attempting to use the same scarce resources in the same ecosystem
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Predation
Situation in which an organism of one species (the predator) captures and feeds on parts or all of an organism of another species (the prey).
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Ecological niche (niche)
Total way of life or role of a species in an ecosystem. It includes all physical, chemical, and biological conditions that a species needs to live and reproduce in an ecosystem.
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Ecological diversity
The variety of forests, deserts, grasslands, oceans, streams, lakes, and other biological communities interacting with one another and with their nonliving environment.
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Population density
Number of organisms in a particular population found in a specified area or volume.
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Population dispersion
General pattern in which the members of a population are arranged throughout its habitat.
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Growth rate
The rate, or speed, at which the number of organisms in a population increases.