Unit V: America and World War II

Causes of World War II

USS Arizona burning at Pearl Harbor(USS Arizona, 1941)

Sadai Japanese Fighter Pilot(SadaiJapaneseFighterPilot, 1942)

Right: British Prime Minister Neville

Chamberlain in Munich Sept. 29,

1938(Münchener Abkommen, Chamberlain, 1938)

Mussolini and Hitler in Munich(Jugoslavije, 1937)

Germany during the Great Depression: selling welfare

stamps on the street(Verkauf von Wohlfahrtsmarken, 1931)

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

1. Placed total blame for WWI on Germany

2. Put enormous burden of reparations on

Germany3. Stripped Germany of her

colonies and her industrial

resources

“President Wilson bores me

with his 14 Points; God

Almighty only had 10!” --

Georges Clemenceau (as cited in Roark, 2013, p. 608)

PM David Lloyd George, Premier Vittorio Orlando, French Premier Georges Clemenceau, President Woodrow Wilson, May 27, 1919(Jackson, 1919)

TREATY

OF

VERSAILLES

Destruction of the German

currency and economy

Destruction of Germany’s

political stability

(allowed major riots and

street battles between

Communists, Nazis, and

others, leading to the

successful grab for power by

Adolf Hitler)

Hitler salutes marching Nazis in Weimar, Oct. 1930(Pahl, 1930)

Characteristics of Fascism

• personal

dictatorship

• intense nationalism

• Large-scale

propaganda

• imperialism

• para-military

support (secret

police)

• racial intolerance

Personal Dictatorship

With Benito Mussolini, April 12, 1943(Baatz, 1943)

“Keep ‘em Frying”; Tojo, Hitler, and Mussolini(Hix, ca. 1941-1945)

Large ScalePropaganda

Nazi propaganda poster used in Ukraine, text reads “Hitler The Liberator”, 1942(Gitler-vizvolitel , 1942)

Work and Fight Italy: WWII propaganda poster(Coscia, ca. 1940-1944)

Japanese propaganda WWII(Japanese propaganda, 1945)

IMPERIALISM

HITLER’S “GRAB” FOR TERRITORY IN EUROPE

German/Austria Map(GermanAustriamap, 2014)

JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA

People deserting their homes in Manchuria during Japanese invasion(Tarter, ca. 1940)

Japanese Flag(Garcia, 2013)

Japanese bayonet into map of Manchuria(US Army Pictorial Services, 1944)

HITLER AND STALIN SIGN A NON-AGRESSION PACT

They decide to “divide”Poland

“Wonder How Long the Honeymoon Will Last?”(StalinHitler, n.d.)

Para-Military or Secret Police the GESTAPO

Heinrich Himmler & Gestapo(KZ Mauthausen, n.d.)

RACIAL

INTOLERANCE

Kristallnacht: Night of the Broken Glass(Magdeburg, 1938)

Star of David “Judenstern” Jews made to wear during WWII(Ullrich, 2005)

Left: A Jewish shop in Berlin during the boycot of 4/1/1933 “Defend yourselfs! Don’t buy from Jews”(Boycott Jews, 1933)

“FINAL SOLUTION”

Capt. Alfred de Grazia, in front of bodies at Dachau camp after liberation by American army(Grazia, 1945)

Starved bodies of prisoners who were transported to Dachau from another concentration camp, lie grotesquely as they died enroute.(Starved Bodies, n.d.)

FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

How did it fail?

No movement to sanction Japan’s invasion

of Manchuria

Policy of appeasement became SOP with

dictators, particularly Hitler

Prime Minister Chamberlain appeases Hitler with

the Sudentenland bringing “peace in our time.”

Chamberlain (left) and Hitler (light jacket) in Munich, Sept. 23, 1938(Godesberg, Vorbereitung , 1938)

WHY did the League of Nations fail?

American isolationism

Series of Neutrality Acts

U.S. did not join the League (why was

this ironic?)

Soviet Union wasn’t invited to join

WORLDWIDE ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES

• Great Depression was not confined to the

United States

• Heavy burden of reparations

• High tariff walls

• Heavy tax burdens to build up arms and

militaries

JAPANESE IMPERIALISM

• TOJO

• EMPIRE OF THE RISING SUN

• INVASION OF MANCHURIA 1931

• SCRAP IRON AND OIL

• AMERICAN SANCTIONS

Map of Japanese Empire, 1942(Japanese empire2, 2007)

World War II Alliances

ALLIES AXIS

Great Britain Germany

France Italy

Soviet Union Japan

United States

Something interesting to consider…

• ITALY switches sides AGAIN

• The Soviet Union is the U.S.’s ALLY in World War II

and their number one ENEMY in the Cold War

• Japan is the U.S.’s enemy this time around after

being their ally in WWI

Nationalism• Excessive or fanatical

devotion to a nation, often associated with a belief that one country is superior to all others

Germany

Hitler speaks, 2/1/1933(Hoffman, 1933)

During the Nuremberg Convention of the NSDAP, Sept. 1934(Reichsparteitag, Rede, 1934)

Parade of SA troops marches past Hitler in Nuremberg- Nov. 1935(Reichsparteitagnov1935, 1935)

New Roman Empire: Italy Rising Sun: Japan

Left: Mussolini bei einerAnsprache 1929(Benito Mussolini, 1929)

Right: His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government, Leader of Fascism, and Founder of the Empire(Mussoliniposter, n.d.)

Right: Japanese soldier of the Imperial Japanese Army(Japanese soldier, n.d.)

Japanese Soldier Burma Campaign(Tsushinsha, 1944)

Below: Japanese humorous postcard depicting the entrance of the Japanese Army in a Chinese town(Earhart, 1938)

• Political and/or economic system in which all property is owned by the members of a classless society

• A centralized government system in which a single party without opposition rules over political, economic, social, and cultural life

Soviet Union

Portrait of Joseph Stalin, 1936(Filonov, 1936)

Red Army soldiers in the USSR(Soldaten rote armee, 1941)

• System of government characterized by dictatorship, centralized control of private enterprise, repression of all opposition, and extreme nationalism

Italy & Germany

SS propaganda: poster with Ordnungspolizei and Sicherheitspolizei for the Day of the German police 1941(Berlin.Gestapo, 1941)

Hitler and Mussolini, 1934 in Venice(Istituto Nazionale Luce, 1934)

Anti-Semitism

Policies, views, or actions that harm or discriminate against Jewish people

Map of the Holocaust in Europe during WWII, 1939-1945(WW2 Holocaust, 2009)

Victims of Nazi Terror in the Darnitsa concentration camp, Kiev, Ukraine(Victims of Nazi terror, 1943)

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Coscia, D. (ca. 1940-1944). Work and fight, Italy, WWII propaganda poster [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Work_and_Fight,_Italy,_WWII_propaganda_poster.jpg

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Garcia, M. (2013). Japan maritime self-defense force sailors raise the Japanese flag on the helicopter destroyer JDS Hyuga (DDG 181) during Dawn Blitz 2013 at naval base San Diego, Calif., June 14, 2013 130614-M-BZ222-002 [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_sailors_raise_the_Japanese_flag_on_the_helicopter_destroyer_JDS_Hyuga_%28DDG_181%29_during_Dawn_Blitz_2013_at_Naval_Base_San_Diego,_Calif.,_June_14,_2013_130614-M-BZ222-002.jpg

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Grazia, A. (1945, May 1). Capt.Alfred de Grazia at Dachau concentration camp, ca May 1st 1945 no border [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Capt.Alfred_de_Grazia_at_Dachau_concentration_camp,_ca_May_1st_1945_no_border.jpg

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Jugoslavije, M. (1937). Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benito_Mussolini_and_Adolf_Hitler.jpg

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Magdeburg, zerstörtes jüdisches Geschäft [Photograph]. (1938, November 1). Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1972-033-39,_Magdeburg,_zerstörtes_jüdisches_Geschäft.jpg

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Roark, J. L. (2013). The American promise: A concise history (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin.

SadaiJapaneseFighterPilot [Photograph]. (1942). Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SadaiJapaneseFighterPilot.jpg

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StalinHitler [Cartoon]. (n.d.) Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:StalinHitler.jpg

Starved bodies of prisoners who were transported to Dachau from another concentration camp, lie grotesquely as they died enroute [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starved_bodies_of_prisoners_who_were_transported_to_Dachau_from_another_concentration_camp,_lie_grotesquely_as_they_died_enroute.jpg

Tarter, A. (ca. 1940). People deserting their homes, in Manchuria [Drawing]. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:People_deserting_their_homes,_in_Manchuria,_as_a_result_of_b_Wellcome_V0010672.jpg

Tsushinsha, D. (1944). Japanese troops on elephant in Burma [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_troops_on_elephant_in_Burma.jpg

Ullrich, D. (2005, February 8). Judenstern JMW [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Judenstern_JMW.jpg#/media/File:Judenstern_JMW.jpg

US Army Pictorial Services. (1944). Japanese bayonet into map of Manchuria Why We Fight no. 6[Cartoon]. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_bayonet_into_map_of_Manchuria_Why_We_Fight_no._6.jpg

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