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Unit Two: Methods Psychology

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Page 1: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Unit Two: Methods

Psychology

Page 2: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

How do Psychologists use the Scientific

Method?Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Page 3: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

The Scientific Method

How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method?

Page 4: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

HypothesesExpresses a relationship between two variables.

How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method?

Page 5: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

VariableThings that vary between participants in a study

For example: Religion, stress level, and height

How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method?

Page 6: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Two types of Variables

Dependent Variable: depends on the Independent Variable.

Independent Variable: the variable that is manipulated in the experiment.

For example: in the hypothesis that watching violent movies will make someone act violently, the violent movies are the independent variable

How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method?

Page 7: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

TheoryA theory aims to explain some phenomenon and allows researchers to generate testable hypotheses.

How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method?

Page 8: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Operational Definitions

When you explain how you will define the variables.

In our example hypotheses that watching violent movies lead to violent behaviors, we need to define “violent”.

How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method?

Page 9: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Validity and Reliability

Good research is both Valid and Reliable.

Research is valid when it measures what the researcher set out to measure.

Research is reliable when the experiment can be repeated and would yield (or get) the same result.

How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method?

Page 10: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

SamplingThe individuals on which the research will be conducted are called participants.

The process in which participants are selected is called sampling.

The sample is chosen from a specific population.

The goal of the sample is to represent the larger population.

How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method?

Page 11: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Random SelectionEvery member of the population has an equal opportunity to be picked to be part of the sample.

Random Selection increases the likelihood that the sample actually represents the population, and that the findings can be generalized.

How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method?

Page 12: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

What are the Different Experimental Methods

Psychologists use?Do Now: How do you think Psychologists should study human behavior? In a lab or in the field?

Page 13: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Laboratory Experiments

Conducted in a lab

Highly controlled environment

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 14: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Field ExperimentConducted out in the real world

More realistic

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 15: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

How does the Correlation Method Differ from the Experimental Method?

Do Now: Define Correlation

Page 16: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Correlation Method

Expresses a relationship between two variables

Can be positive or negative

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 17: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 18: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Positive Correlation

The presence of one thing predicts the presence of another.

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 19: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Negative Correlation

The presence of one thing predicts the absence of the other.

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 20: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Naturalistic Observation

Observe participants in their natural habitats without interacting with them.

Control is sacrificed.

The goal is to get a rich picture of the participants’ behavior.

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 21: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Case StudiesUsed to get a full, detailed picture of one participant or small group of participants.

Used by Psychologists to gather information about a particular disorder.

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 22: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 23: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Putting it all together

For our class project we will use a Scatter Plot to record our findings.

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 24: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 25: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Individual ProjectYou will work independently to determine the correlation (if any) between two variables.

Since you will not be using a lab, we will be using observation to determine the correlation (if any).

Page 26: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

SurveysThe Survey Method is easier to use and may determine if there is a connection between two variables.

What are the Different Experimental Methods Psychologists use?

Page 27: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Sample Surveys

Page 28: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Sample Surveys

Page 29: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Online SurveysSurvey Monkey

Page 30: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Steps to the Project

1. Determine the correlation you would like to study.

2. Determine your sample.

3. Create a survey to test your correlation. You will need to test at least 15 participants.

4. Display/share your findings with the class utilizing a Scatter Plot

Page 31: Unit Two: Methods Psychology. How do Psychologists use the Scientific Method? Do Now: What is the Scientific Method?

Due Date!The entire project is due Wednesday, October 26!

I will collect the following:A copy of your survey

A scatter plot of your data

The graphic organizer with your hypothesis