unit two conversational ballgames text a let’s play a game instruction : 1.touch your shoulders 2....

Unit Two

Conversational Ballgames

Text A

Let’s play a game

Instruction:

1 .touch your shoulders 2. bend your knees3 .serve the ball4. stretch your arms5 .skip the rope6. hit the ball7. bounce up and down

8. swing the rope9. snatch the ball10 .bowl the ball 11. throw the ball 12. raise your arms13. twist your fingers14. stretch your body15. boxing

Understanding the text

Questions for thinking:

What does the title mean?

How is conversation related to

ballgame?

What are the two conversational styles

and two games discussed in the

passage ?

Meaning of the Title (1) surface meaning

conversation: informal talkcon(Latin):together,withvers(Latin):to turn about in a given directionconverse:to turn about with others

ballgame : any game played with a ball(give examples)

-Implied meaning(two-level metaphor):

first level --------- ‘handling a conversation’ is compared to ‘playing ballgames’

second level ------information----topics,ideas,opinions, is compared to ball

Structure of the Text

Opening: I found that Japanese-style conversations go quite differently from western ones.

Body: An account of the difference between the

two styles of conversations.

----- western-style

conversations,like a game of tennis,involve

serving and returning of the ball

-----Japanese-style conversations,a game of bowling,people serve the ball without returns.

Closing: Sum up the discussion and point out it’s not easy to switch from one culture to another.

Structure of a Formal Essay

Opening

(A)Topic priming:set the scene and prepares the reader for what is to follow

(B)Topic nomination:express what the writer will talk about

Body:set forth the discussion,give the information

Closing:bring the discussion to a close

Related Information Related Information

• People from different cultures have different ideas about many things.

–North Americans like to stand about 18 to 20 inches apart from each other when they talk .

–People from Saudi Arabia, however ,like to stand 12 to 14 inches apart.

–As a result, when a North American talks to a Saudi Arabian , everyone is uncomfortable.

–The North American feels that the Saudi Arabian is trying to be too close, too intimate, and so the American moves away as they talk.

–The Saudi Arabian, on the other hand,feels that the North American is too unfriendly, too distant.

American: individualism

Japanese: collective or group

Chinese: between the two

People from different cultures often have different values (standards of behavior).This is due to the different social background.

Culture is connected with many aspects.

Three values from different cultures

ExamplesDragon

In China: people use ‘dragon’ to describe emperor.We like to call us the descendants of dragon.

In western countries: if you call a woman a dragon,you mean that she is fierce.Because in the Bible, Satan is called the great dragon.

to the point whereto the point where—— until, to the extent that, up to the time when until, to the extent that, up to the time when something develops or is achievedsomething develops or is achieved

Example:Example:

He exercised so hard He exercised so hard to the point whereto the point where he couldn't he couldn't move.move.

Translate:Translate:

我学日语学到可以流利地讲话的程度。我学日语学到可以流利地讲话的程度。

Key:Key:

I studied JapaneseI studied Japanese to the point whereto the point where I became a I became a

fluent speakerfluent speaker..

Key words, phrases & usagesKey words, phrases & usages

come to a halt come to a halt —— stop moving; stop completelystop moving; stop completely

Example:Example:

The car slowed down and The car slowed down and came to a haltcame to a halt in front in front of the building.of the building.


The economic boom The economic boom came to a sudden haltcame to a sudden halt..

Key:Key:

经济繁荣期经济繁荣期嘎然而止嘎然而止。。


whoever whoever — — no matter whono matter who

Example:Example:

WhoeverWhoever comes here will receive a VIP welcome. comes here will receive a VIP welcome.

Cf.Cf.

WhateverWhatever, , howeverhowever, , whereverwherever, , whicheverwhichever, etc. can be , etc. can be used as conjunctions in the same way as the expressions used as conjunctions in the same way as the expressions no matter what, no matter how, and so on.no matter what, no matter how, and so on.

e.g.e.g. Please let us know no matter where you go.Please let us know no matter where you go.

= Please let us know = Please let us know whereverwherever you go. you go.

e.g. Life goes on no matter how upset you are.e.g. Life goes on no matter how upset you are.

= = HoweverHowever upset you are, life goes on. upset you are, life goes on.

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

Grammar FocusGrammar Focus


Drill:Drill: Rewrite the following two sentences.Rewrite the following two sentences.

1.1. No matter which one you choose, you’ll be No matter which one you choose, you’ll be disappointed.disappointed.

2.2. No matter what reason you have, you should not No matter what reason you have, you should not cheat.cheat.

WhicheverWhichever you choose, you’ll be disappointed you choose, you’ll be disappointed

You should not cheat You should not cheat whateverwhatever reason you have reason you have..




Drill:Drill: Complete the following sentences(Complete the following sentences(P.41, Ex. VIIIP.41, Ex. VIII):):

1.1. (( 谁最胜任谁就谁最胜任谁就 ) _____ should get the job.) _____ should get the job.

2.2. (( 每当天气不好时每当天气不好时 ) ) _____, he takes whatever umbrella _____, he takes whatever umbrella he can find.he can find.

3.3. He makes a lot of friends (He makes a lot of friends ( 不管他到哪儿不管他到哪儿 ) _____.) _____.

4.4. She could not remember what she had dreamed of, She could not remember what she had dreamed of, (( 不管她怎样努力不管她怎样努力 ) _____.) _____.

Whenever the weather's bad Whenever the weather's bad

wherever he goes wherever he goes

however hard she tried however hard she tried


Whoever is most qualifiedWhoever is most qualified

take turnstake turns—— do something one by one in regular orderdo something one by one in regular order

Fill in the blank:Fill in the blank:

Hey, don’t jump the queue! You should _____ (Hey, don’t jump the queue! You should _____ ( 等着轮等着轮到你到你 ).).

wait towait to take your turn take your turn

Example:Example:

The students The students take turnstake turns answering the teacher's answering the teacher's questions.questions.


previousprevious—— happening, coming, or being earlier in time or orderhappening, coming, or being earlier in time or order


The police asked the suspect where he had been the The police asked the suspect where he had been the previousprevious night. night.

Key:Key:

警察问嫌疑人警察问嫌疑人前一天前一天晚上去了哪里。晚上去了哪里。


halfway halfway —— at the midpoint between two thingsat the midpoint between two things

ExampleExample

I was I was halfwayhalfway up the stairs when I heard a knock at up the stairs when I heard a knock at the door.the door.


不要中途放弃，你能成功的。不要中途放弃，你能成功的。

Key:Key:

Don’t give up Don’t give up halfwayhalfway. You can make it.. You can make it.


refer torefer to—— talk about or mention; speak abouttalk about or mention; speak about


The president The president referred toreferred to the economic crisis in Asia the economic crisis in Asia in his TV statement.in his TV statement.

Key:Key:

总统在电视讲话中总统在电视讲话中提到了提到了亚洲经济危机。亚洲经济危机。

ExampleExampleAlthough the newspaper article named no names, Although the newspaper article named no names,

everyone knew it was everyone knew it was referring toreferring to the bad behavior the bad behavior of of the voted World Footballer of the Year.the voted World Footballer of the Year.


now (that) now (that) —— as a result of the fact (that); sinceas a result of the fact (that); since

ExampleExample

Now thatNow that I've been to the concert, I understand why I've been to the concert, I understand why young people are so crazy about the superstar.young people are so crazy about the superstar.


既然你成年了，就要对自己的所作所为负责。既然你成年了，就要对自己的所作所为负责。

Key:Key:

Now thatNow that you’re coming of age, you should be you’re coming of age, you should be

responsible for what you do.responsible for what you do.



now (that) now (that) —— as a result of the fact (that); sinceas a result of the fact (that); since

Complete the following sentences:(p. 42, Ex. X)Complete the following sentences:(p. 42, Ex. X)

1.1. Now that he is getting older, _____.Now that he is getting older, _____.

2.2. _____ now that the bus has broken down halfway._____ now that the bus has broken down halfway.

he might be more patienthe might be more patient

I have to take a taxi homeI have to take a taxi home


switchswitch—— change, esp. suddenlychange, esp. suddenly

Fill in the blank:Fill in the blank:

It is no good for you to _____ (It is no good for you to _____ ( 太经常换工作太经常换工作 ).).

switchswitch jobs too often jobs too often

Example:Example:

He didn't seem to like any of the programs and kept He didn't seem to like any of the programs and kept switchingswitching from one channel to another. from one channel to another.


She started studying English at college, but switched to Business Studies in her second year.

I can make it!

Unit Two 1.No-one ______ when the boss said it was time to

go home.2.Students have to ______ for the new course by

the end of April.3.Training is provided, so no _______experience is

required for the job.4.I'm trying to see if there are any obvious

_______between the two cases.5.After the bank robbery, the gang _______cars (=

left one car and got into another).6.If you can't ______the job I'll get someone else to

do it.

register parallels handle objected previous switched

unit two conversational ballgames text a let’s play a game instruction : 1.touch your shoulders 2....

Documents

ball slide

close slide

boxing slide

different cultures

different ideas

japanesestyle conversations

north american feels

saudi arabian