Unit Standard 7337

CARE FOR DOGS: ECTOPARASITES

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External parasitesFleasMange/ Mites

SarcoptesCheyletiellaEar mitesDemodex

LiceTicksRingworm – fungal infection

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Fleas Life Cycle

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Flea Eggs are laid in the coat and fall onto bedding/carpets

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Eggs can be seen on a black surface…

Flea eggs

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Flea larva

Flea larva

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Flea Larva in the coat

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Fleas feeding

Flea dirt- what is it?

Flea faeces

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Fleas on coat

Flea dirt is dried blood passed in faeces to feed larvae

Flea dirt on bedding

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Flea pupae form

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Pupae and hatching from cocoon

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Fleas on pet are the tip of the iceberg

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Flea saliva…..

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Flea Allergy Dermatitis – (FAD)

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Flea Allergy Dermatitis(FAD) is an allergy to flea saliva that

makes the dog itchy, so they start to scratch.

You might not even see a flea – but the bite sets off a reaction.

Breaking the skin allows bacteria to get in and the dog gets an infection

So what are bacteria?

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Flea Allergy Dermatitis ( infection)(Bacteria is a single

cell organism. They are capable of

reproducing on their own without the use of a host cell.

Bacteria exist in all environments

The dog will need treatment

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Three Pronged ApproachEffective treatment

programme MUST have1. kill fleas currently

on your pet 2. and kill fleas all

other animals in your household

3. kill fleas in the environment

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FleasSleeping

areas can be contaminated with eggs, larvae and pupae, plus shaded areas outside harbour all flea stages

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REMEMBER you will only see 5% of the actual flea population on your pet

The rest are on the house and garden – mainly where you sit and sleep

Fleas also carry Flea Tapeworm (Dipylidium caninum)

Bathing your dog will reduce fleas and help remove eggs and dirt from the coat, and if an insecticidal shampoo is used, kill, any live fleas on an animal but follow up treatment is always required.

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Flea spraysWhat are the

problems associated with using these?

ToxicityDo they workHow oftenPermethrin is toxic

to cats

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Top SpotsThese vary and not all

products are the same. Older style products can be toxic poisons and care must be taken when applying them. If you overdose, or share a dog product on cats, you might kill them.

http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/363769/Pedigree-killed-in-flea-product-mix-up- Bayer Spotton - see next slide

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Products to treat Fleas Spotton Liquid for Large Dogs (1ml)

Convenient once a month flea treatment for dogs

Using older technology Spotton for dogs provides a low cost flea treatment option from a pre measured tube. 

Spotton is oil soluble and after application is distributed via the skin glands that supply coat oil. This method guarantees that the entire coat is protected after applying Spotton behind your dogs head.

200g/L Fenthion- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenthion

http://www.bayeranimal.co.nz/media/1656/Spotton%20Dog.pdf

classic symptoms of poisoning with Spotton's chemicals, known as organophosphates excessive salivation, slowed heart rate, shivering and shaking, depression and vomiting

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Top SpotsNewer products are a lot safer, but they

are not without side effects and there are laws coming into effect to check their action due to reports of side effects.

http://www.apnm.org/publications/resources/fleachemfin.pdf

DO NOT USE ON CHILDREN.

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Surface Top SpotsAbsorbed only through

oils ( Sebum) on coat and kill fleas quickly – as soon as they get on which is ideal for pets with FAD – eg Advantage= Imidacloprid

Frontline Plus is Fipronil + (s)Methoprene which is an Insect growth regulators that inhibit hatching of the flea pupa

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Products to treat FleasTop Spots

Products that are not toxic to the pet but are absorbed into the body – redistributed to oils to kill fleas, but also kill some worms and a selection of mites. E.g. Advocate http://www.bayeranimal.com.au/default.aspx?Page=50&ItemId=38

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RevolutionRevolution works by penetrating the skin and entering

your pet's bloodstream. Concentrations of selamectin, the active ingredient, in

the tissue and bloodstream prevent heartworm disease (useful in Australia and America. )

Selamectin also redistributes into the skin from the bloodstream and kills adult fleas, ticks, and ear mites, and prevents flea eggs from hatching.

It is also an anthelmintic, which means it fights to expel parasitic worms.

Parasites ingest the drug when they feed on the animal's blood.

Revolution is safe for pregnant and lactating pets.

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Topspots

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OthersPyripole

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FleasKeeping the fleas off

your pet treat every 4 - 8 weeks

(depends on species and product used)

ALWAYS CHECK LABELS FOR AGES LICENCED FOR – eg kittens and puppies

DO NOT USE ON HUMANS!!!!

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Applying productshttp://www.complet

ekiller.com/frontlineplus/killing-101/how-to-apply/

Use multiple areas on large dogs

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The EnvironmentVacuum carpets

regularly and discard debris.

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Flea contraceptives….Treat furnishings and

carpets throughout the home with combination I.G.R. treatment (Indorex Fogger, Indorex Target and Indorex Spray).

These inhibit pupa hatching and so on – read more herehttp://www.virbac.co.nz/p-virbacnzpuben/display.aspx?srv=p-virbacnz&typ=pub&lang=en&cmd=view&style=styles/popup.xsl&select=&generic1=sendfriend&fav=yes&contact=sendmail

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MITES

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Sarcoptic MangeMites

Sarcoptic mange Highly contagious It burrows into skin –

usually on ears, elbows, legs

Severe redness, scaly skin, hair loss and damage to skin from scratching

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Sarcoptic mange

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Sarcoptic Mange

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A severe case of scabies of the hand. 

(Original image from Identification and Diagnosis of Parasites of Public Health Concern)

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Human - Scabies

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Cheyletiella MitesCalled “walking

dandruff” See in dogs, cats, rabbits

and humans Lives on skin and hair Causes white scaly flakes

and itchiness (pruritus). Can diagnose it with

sellotape and then look under microscope.

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Cheyletiella

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Dog with cheyletiellosis

http://www.vetcontact.com/en/pdf.php?k=35

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Rabbit with Cheyletiella

http://www.lakehowellanimalclinic.com/html/p_rabbit_2.html

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Cheyletiella

http://www.vetcontact.com/en/pdf.php?k=35

http://oslovet.veths.no/Teaching/rabbit/pathology/13.jpg

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Cheyletiella on an arm

Click icon to add picture

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Ear mites

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Ear MitesOtodectes

Live in external ear canal but can be found on the body

Head shaking, waxy discharge

Cats can be carriers with no signs

Speaker Notes Avail

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Ear MitesCan cause a

secondary bacterial infection called Otitis Externa

Ear pinnae is red, hot swollen (inflammation)

Smelly ears“coffee grounds”-

black gritty discharge

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Check inside ear

Click icon to add picture

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Normal ear canal

Ear mites

See the ear mites!

Ear mites in canal

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Treatment

Click icon to add picture

Ear drops can be

used on all in contact

animals

There are injections

available – but they

are not licenced for

use in small animals,

so and special

permission is

required from owners

before vets can use

them

Also, not suitable for

all breeds of dogs ,

particularly collie

family.

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Demodectic Mange

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Demodectic mange

Demodex mite

Microscopic and transmitted by bitch to her pups

Found normally in hair follicles, but some dogs have immunity problem and it grows too much

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Demodex

Immune System

The immune

system is the

body's defense

against infectious

organisms and

other invaders.

Through a series

of steps called the

immune

response, the

immune system

attacks organisms

and substances

that invade body

systems and

cause disease

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Localised form of demodex

Usually see bald areas on head and neck

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Demodex

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Demodex- generalised

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Lice are very precise….Cat Louse Dog Louse

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The low-down on liceLice are wingless insects

that live their whole lives on pets.

Cats and dogs have their own species of lice, neither of which infect humans.

Lice live on your pet’s skin and feed on their skin debris.

Female lice lay their eggs in the pet’s coat and these become glued to the hairs. (nits)

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Lice

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The low-down on liceLice are not a common problem in healthy

pets – If they are unwell or very young pets are

more likely to suffer from them. They will make the pet itchy

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RingwormIs a Fungal

infection which is caused by microscopic organisms (fungi) that can live on the skin. They can live on the dead tissues of the hair, nails, and outer skin layers.

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RingwormCauses patches of

broken hair – usually in circular pattern

Contagious to other animals and people

Broken fur has spores in it that spread infection through environment or by contact

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Ringworm – is not a parasite!!!The lesion can be

checked – it can have fungal cultures taken.

Microsporum forms will be tested for “fluorescence” under a woods lamp but Trichophyton does not show this way

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Ringworm

http://www.thedoodyguys.com/pethealth3.html

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Woods Lamp

http://www.thedoodyguys.com/pethealth3.html

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Ringworm in humans

http://www.petalk.com/ringworm.html

71http://www.thehedgehog.co.uk/ringworm.htm

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TreatmentPlus topical ointments/ drugs such as

griseofulvin. Treat animal - Treat environmentProtect other pets!