unit nhc1 - rrc health & safety, environmental … · • a ‘helicopter’ plan (ms word) ......

NEBOSH National Certificate in the Management of Health & Well-being at Work

UNIT NHC1 Managing Health and Well-being in The Workplace

Sample Trainer Pack

RRC Trainer Packs are designed to aid delivery of face-to-face, or classroom-taught, courses by tutors approved by the relevant awarding body (e.g. NEBOSH, IOSH, IEMA).The full pack –of which this is a sample – includes the following resources:

• An electronic copy of the RRC student textbook (course notes) for the course, supplied for use by the tutor as reference only.

• A ‘helicopter’ plan (MS Word) – an overview of how the course will be delivered over its duration. • Daily lesson plans (MS Word) – a suggested breakdown of how the detailed subjects specified in the qualification

syllabus will be covered on each day of the course • Slides (MS PowerPoint) – full-colour slides addressing the subjects specified in, and following the structure of, the

qualification syllabus. • Depending on the course, some Packs also contain additional resources, to be used at the tutor’s discretion.

Some third-party resources may be suggested in the Lesson Plans, or in the notes to the slides – for example, video footage, further reading, etc. These are not essential and they are not included as part of the licensed Trainer Pack – it is up to the tutor to source the suggested material, should he or she wish to do so.

This ‘Sample Trainer Pack’ contains a selection of pages from a lesson plan, a number of corresponding slides, and the relevant pages from the course textbook. These pages and slides are representative of the presentation, design and language of the full materials.

If you like what you see and wish to order a complete Trainer Pack for the course you want to deliver, please contact RRC’s customer advisors on +44 208 944 3100, or e-mail [email protected]

NEBOSH NHC1 Lesson Plan: Day Four Time Topic Delivery Key Points Aid 09.00 Recap and questions from Day 3 Quiz questions

Set of questions from Day 3

9.30 Introduction to element 5 Learning outcomes

Element 5Power Point Slides

9.35 Common types of mental health disorders (5.1)

The meaning of Mental health conditions Incident rates Group discussion – stigmatisation Common types of mental health conditions Effects of prescribed medication on work

Course books Slides White board/Flip chart pens

10.30 BREAK 10.45 Managing and supporting individuals with

mental health problems (5.2) Principles of managing individuals with mental health problems Group discussion – combating resistance to policy development External support agencies

Slides White board/Flip chart pens

11.20 The effects on employees of stress in the workplace (5.3) Role and likely contents of a stress management policy (5.4)

Meaning of stress Facts and misconceptions Legal aspects and reasons for increase of workplace stress Group syndicate exercise – causes and effects of stress Stress policy


12.30 LUNCH 1.15 Application and use of the HSE Stress

Management Standards in the management and control of stress at work (5.5) Management competence (5.6)

Managing stress – primary, secondary and tertiary interventions Management competency framework Issue element 5 mind maps

Slides Element 5 mind maps

2.00 Introduction to element 6 Types of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) (6.1)

Learning outcomes Types, causes and prevalence of MSDs Group syndicate exercise – main causes, signs and symptoms Employers role in the management of MSDs Employees role in minimising the risk

Element 6 power point Slides White board/Flip chart pens

3.00 BREAK 3.15 Assessment and control of risk of

musculoskeletal injury in the workplace (6.2) Ergonomics Risk factors – T.I.L.E.E.O Ergonomic approach to risk control Group syndicate exercise – risk control using T.I.L.E.E.O Risk assessment and relevant tools


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4.45 – 5.00 Summary and close Issue element 6 mind map Element 6 mind map

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NEBOSH National Certificate in the Management of Health and

Well-Being in the Workplace Element 5: Mental Health at Work

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Learning Outcomes

On completion of this element, you should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular you should be able to: • Outline the common types of mental-health disorders • Outline the principles of managing and supporting

individuals with mental-health problems • Explain the effects on employees of stress in the

workplace

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Learning Outcomes

• Outline the role and likely content of a stress management policy

• Explain the application and use of the HSE Stress Management Standards in the management and control of stress at work

• Outline the role of line-management competence in preventing and reducing stress

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Common Types of Mental Health Disorders

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Mental-Health Condition

“This term describes all mental disorders or illnesses that meet generally accepted criteria for clinical diagnosis, treatment or interventions. They include common conditions, such as depression and anxiety, as well far less common conditions such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.”

Source: Working our way to better mental health: a framework for action, DWP/DH, December 2009 (http://www.official-

documents.gov.uk/document/cm77/7756/7756.pdf)

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Incidence Rate

• One in four people will experience mental health problems in the course of a year

• Confederation of British Industry (CBI) data suggest that: – Around 48% of long-term absence from work is

caused by mental-health problems – The annual cost to employers can total £28 billion

• Depression affects around one in 12 of the whole population

• Rates of self-harm in the UK are the highest in Europe

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Stigmatisation

“Setting people apart, denouncing them, branding them as different in a

condemnatory way”

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Stigmatisation

• For many years, mental health has been stigmatised

• People with mental-health conditions often suffer discrimination

• Contrary to what people may think, most people with mental health problems can continue to work effectively

• It is illegal to discriminate against people with mental-health problems RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL

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Group Discussion

• Why do people stigmatise individuals with mental-health problems?

• What effects can this have on an

individual?

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Why Do People Stigmatise?

• Negative and judgmental attitudes; prejudice

• Misconception that people with mental-health problems are violent or aggressive (stereotyping)

• Lack of knowledge about mental-health problems

• It has become the norm; general misconception that it is acceptable to fear and ridicule mental illness

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© RRC International Unit NHC1 – Element 5: Mental Health at Work | 5-15-PB | Unit NHC1 – Element 5: Mental Health at Work © RRC International

LEARNING OUTCOMES

On completion of this element, you should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content by applying what you have learnt to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular, you should be able to:

Outline the common types of mental health disorders.

Outline the principles of managing and supporting individuals with mental health problems.

Explain the effects on employees of stress in the workplace.

Outline the role and likely content of a stress management policy.

Explain the application and use of the HSE Stress Management Standards in the management and control of stress at work.

Outline the role of line management competence in preventing and reducing stress.

MENTAL HEALTH AT WORKELEMENT

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Contents


COMMON TYPES OF MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS 5-3

The Stigmatisation of Individuals with Mental Health Problems 5-3Recognition that Most People with Mental Health Problems Can Work Effectively 5-4Categorisation of the Effects of Mental Ill-Health 5-4Effects on Mental Health of Prolonged Absence from Work 5-4Incidence of Common Types of Mental Ill-Health 5-5Potential Side Effects and the Impact that Medication May Have on Work 5-6Revision Questions 5-7

MANAGING AND SUPPORTING INDIVIDUALS WITH MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS 5-8

Good Management of an Individual with Mental Ill-Health 5-8Resistance to the Implementation of a Mental Health Policy 5-9Sources of External Support 5-10Revision Questions 5-11

EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEES OF STRESS IN THE WORKPLACE 5-12

Meaning of Stress 5-12Incidence of Stress-Related Sickness Absence in the Working Population 5-13Causes of Stress 5-13Relationship Between Work and Other Factors 5-13Revision Questions 5-14Role and Likely Content of a Stress Management Policy 5-15Revision Question 5-16

APPLICATION AND USE OF THE HSE STRESS MANAGEMENT STANDARDS IN THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF STRESS AT WORK 5-17

Requirement to Include Stress in the Risk Assessment Process 5-17Primary Prevention 5-17Secondary Prevention 5-18Tertiary Provision of Support 5-18Techniques to Identify Stress-Related Issues 5-19Revision Questions 5-19

MANAGEMENT COMPETENCE 5-17

Management Competencies Effective for Preventing and Reducing Stress at Work 5-20Revision Questions 5-21

SUMMARY 5-22

EXAM SKILLS 5-23

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© RRC International Unit NHC1 – Element 5: Mental Health at Work | 5-35-2 | Unit NHC1 – Element 5: Mental Health at Work © RRC International © RRC International Unit NHC1 – Element 5: Mental Health at Work | 5-35-2 | Unit NHC1 – Element 5: Mental Health at Work © RRC International

THE STIGMATISATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMSMental illness is common and affects thousands of people in the UK, with associated effects on the individuals’ families, friends, work colleagues and society in general. However, for many years mental health has been stigmatised and those suffering from it discriminated against.

GLOSSARY

STIGMATISATION

Setting people apart, denouncing them, branding them as different in a condemnatory way.

Stigmatisation of individuals with mental health problems is not new - it has been happening for centuries. In the past negative attitudes towards people with mental health problems have been firmly entrenched in individuals from a young age; children were exposed to TV programmes which included “crazy” or “loony” characters, and media coverage also used, and may still sometimes use, terminology that can mislead the public into thinking that people with mental illnesses are dangerous, unpredictable and violent or evil. Culture and ethnicity can also influence people’s attitudes towards mental illness and there is a general misconception that it is acceptable to fear and ridicule mental illness.

The stigmatisation and discrimination of individuals with mental health problems can prevent those experiencing such problems from carrying on normal day-to-day activities such as shopping, applying for jobs, making new friends, or having long-term relationships, and may even make it difficult for them to get a mortgage or holiday insurance. Stigmatisation and discrimination can also make the problem worse or impede the recovery of the person concerned. Such stigmatisation and discrimination can increase social distance from, and social exclusion of, those suffering mental health problems.

Many agencies are working together to change the negative attitude in society towards mental illness by running campaigns to present positive messages to the public and employers in the hope that it will reduce the stigma associated with mental health problems and increase empathy and understanding towards those who suffer from the illness.

TOPIC FOCUSWhy do people stigmatise individuals with mental health problems?

• Negative and judgmental attitudes; prejudice.

• Misconception that people with mental health problems are violent or aggressive (stereotyping).

• Lack of knowledge about mental health problems.

• It has become the norm; general misconception that it is acceptable to fear and ridicule mental illness.

KEY INFORMATION

• Mental illness is common and affects thousands of people in the UK; the stigmatisation and discrimination of individuals with mental health problems can make it difficult for them to carry on with normal everyday tasks.

• Most people who experience mental health problems recover fully or are able to live with and manage them and continue to work effectively.

• The World Health Organisation International Classification of Diseases (ICD) has classified mental health disorders into “mild to moderate” and “severe to long term” to assist in the diagnoses and treatment of mental health conditions.

• The common types of mental illness are: anxiety and depression, phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, and panic attacks. The more severe types are bipolar disorder, personality disorders and schizophrenia.

• Employers must ensure they do not discriminate against persons with mental health problems and also be aware of the side effects and possible impact on work from medication used to treat mental ill-health conditions.

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RECOGNITION THAT MOST PEOPLE WITH MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS CAN WORK EFFECTIVELYMost people who experience mental health problems recover fully or are able to live with and manage them, and continue to work effectively.

“If more people knew about the nature of mental illness, they would understand that it doesn’t mean people are unable to contribute to society. The mentally ill are the most keen to work out of all those with disabilities, and yet it is a common experience for people to be discriminated against at work after being diagnosed, to be passed over for promotion, to lose their job or not even be considered when applying for one.” (www.rethink.org/)

It is important to remember that disability and equality legislation makes it illegal to discriminate against people with mental health problems in public services, education, employment and transport, etc.

CATEGORISATION OF THE EFFECTS OF MENTAL ILL-HEALTHMental health problems affect the way a person thinks and behaves and are problems that can be diagnosed by a doctor. A number of diagnostic and classification frameworks have been developed to support the identification of mental health problems, the most common being the World Health Organisation International Classification of Diseases (ICD). This has classified mental health disorders into “mild to moderate” and “severe to long term” to assist in the diagnoses and treatment of such problems.

Mental health conditions are divided into two groups:

• Psychoses – considered to be the more severe forms of mental ill-health, including bipolar disorder, personality disorders and schizophrenia.

• Neuroses – the more common types of mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, panic attacks, phobias.

GLOSSARY

NEUROTIC

A term used to describe severe forms of anxiety or depression.

EFFECTS ON MENTAL HEALTH OF PROLONGED ABSENCE FROM WORKProlonged absence from work can have a negative impact on a person’s physical and mental health. Studies have shown that individuals off work for long periods of time can become less active, which may result in their being unable to maintain social contacts, possibly leading to feelings of social exclusion. They may subsequently suffer from feelings of isolation, lose their confidence and have low self-esteem. All these effects could lead to poor mental health and the person suffering from anxiety and depression.

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INCIDENCE OF COMMON TYPES OF MENTAL ILL-HEALTH

Size of the Problem• One in four people will experience mental health

problems in the course of a year.

• Confederation of British Industry (CBI) data suggests that over 50% of long-term absence from work is caused by mental health problems and the cost to employers in one year can total £28 billion.

• Depression affects around one in twelve of the whole population.

• Rates of self-harm in the UK are the highest in Europe.

• 450 million people worldwide have mental health problems.

• Mixed anxiety and depression are the most common mental health disorders in Britain.

• Women are more likely to have been treated for a mental health problem than men.

• Nine out of ten people with mental health problems in the UK say they frequently suffer stigmatisation and discrimination. (Source: Mental Health Foundation and CBI)

GLOSSARY

MENTAL HEALTH CONDITION

“This term describes all mental disorders or illnesses that meet generally accepted criteria for clinical diagnosis, treatment or interventions. They include common conditions, such as depression and anxiety, as well far less common conditions such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.”

Source: Working our way to better mental health: a framework for action, DWP/DH, December 2009 (http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm77/7756/7756.pdf)

Common types of mental ill-health (neuroses) include:

• Anxiety and depression.

• Phobias.

• Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).

• Panic attacks.

More severe types of mental disorder (psychoses) include:

• Bipolar disorder (manic depression).

• Schizophrenia.

Effects of Mental Disorders on the Individual• Anxiety

This is something we all experience at some time - feeling tense or fearful before a hospital appointment or job interview, or worrying about feeling uncomfortable or foolish in a special situation. This type of short-term anxiety can be useful; it makes a person alert and can enhance performance.

However, anxiety can also affect an individual’s physical and mental health:

– Physical effects on the body may be increased heart rate; muscle tension; stomach upsets; the feeling of “butterflies in the stomach”; and pins and needles. More severe cases can lead to panic attacks and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).

– Mental effects of anxiety are fear, heightened alertness and irritability; the individual may be unable to relax or concentrate which may lead to sleep problems and a negative attitude towards life.

Long-term anxiety is bad for the health. It can weaken the immune system and lower resistance to infection. Increased blood pressure can cause heart or kidney problems, and contribute to the risk of having a stroke; anxiety may lead to digestive difficulties, along with other health problems.

Anxiety may also affect a person’s ability to hold down a job, maintain relationships or even enjoy their leisure time.

• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) With this condition a person feels that they have no control over certain things or ideas that are highly disturbing to them, causing them unbearable anxiety which can only be alleviated by performing a particular ritual to neutralise the feelings.

• Panic Attacks These are experienced as sudden, unexpected bouts of terror - a person suffering such an attack may find it hard to breathe, experience a choking sensation, feel chest pain, trembling, or feel faint. Such attacks are often mistaken as heart attacks.

• Phobias Phobias are unreasonable fears of a particular situation or object. They can pose severe restrictions on people’s lives, such as agoraphobia, where the person may be so afraid to go out that they remain isolated in their own home.

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• Depression We often use the expression "I'm feeling depressed" when we are feeling sad or miserable about life. Usually these feelings pass in due course, but if such feelings interfere with a person’s usual life routine and persist for a period of time (say two weeks) or if they come back on a regular basis for days at a time, it could be a sign of medical (clinical) depression.

There are many different types of depression, e.g. post-natal depression, manic depression (bipolar disorder) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

GLOSSARY

SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER (SAD)

A type of depression that has a seasonal pattern – most commonly occurring in the winter months.

Depression lowers a person’s mood and can make them feel hopeless, worthless, and unmotivated; it can disrupt regular sleep patterns, affect the appetite and interfere with everyday activities. Individuals may feel restless, agitated, suffer from tiredness and cry a lot. There may be increased use of tobacco, alcohol or drugs, as well as a loss of sex drive and feelings towards self-harming and suicide.

Mild depression may not stop a person continuing everyday activities, but more severe depression can be life threatening.

• Bipolar Disorder

This is a mood disorder, formerly known as manic depression. The person experiences swings in mood from periods of overactive, excited behaviour, known as mania, to deep depression. The periods between these severe highs and lows can be periods of stability. Some people also see or hear things that others around them do not (known as having visual or auditory hallucinations) or have strange, unshared, beliefs (known as delusions). Everybody experiences mood shifts in daily life, but with bipolar disorder these changes are extreme.

– Manic episodes can make a person feel euphoric, restless and/or irritable, talk fast and sleep little, behave in a reckless way, and display poor judgment.

– During depressive episodes a person will feel a sense of hopelessness, worthlessness or guilt. They may experience chronic fatigue, lose interest in daily life, lack concentration and have suicidal tendencies.

• Schizophrenia

One of the most debilitating of all mental health problems, schizophrenia can severely interfere with a person’s ability to perform everyday tasks. Symptoms may include:

– Thought disorders, where thoughts and ideas are jumbled up and the individual finds it difficult to hold a conversation.

– Hallucinations, where the person may see, hear and smell things which others cannot, and they may suffer delusions.

– Negative signs, such as lack of interest or concentration, withdrawal or apathy.

(The information regarding these types of mental health problems has been sourced from http://www.mind.org.uk.)

POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS AND THE IMPACT THAT MEDICATION MAY HAVE ON WORKDoctors can prescribe a number of drugs to help an individual manage their condition, but remember that some of these drugs can also have side effects that may make people feel worse rather than better. These drugs can also be addictive, or cause physical damage to the individual if taken in too high a dose.

Some drugs may affect a person’s ability to focus and concentrate, or lead to slower movements or cause drowsiness which could increase workplace safety risks. The employer must be aware of such side effects and the impact they could have on the safety of the individual, and others, in the workplace.

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REVISION QUESTIONS

1. Outline the effects stigmatisation and discrimination can have on an individual with a mental health problem.

2. Identify the most common mental health problems.

3. Outline the health effects of anxiety and depression.

(Suggested Answers are at the end.)RRC

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