Unit III

Congress, The Presidency, The Beauracracy

The Presidency

Must be a natural born

citizen

Must be at least 35 years of

age

Who’s the youngest President to take office?

Must be living in the US for

14 years

You can’t live in Europe and then run for President

Term limits

Washington set the Precedent

FDR elected 4 times 22nd Amendment

Qualifications of the President

EWWW!!!!! NO HE CAN’T BE PRESIDENT

Vice PresidencyGenerally a figure

head Carries 2 jobs

President of the Senate

Immediate stand in if the President becomes incapacitated

Impeachment Process Who can be impeached?

President Vice President Judges Senators/Reps. Cabinet members

Who have they tried to impeach in the House? 2 Presidents 12 Federal Judges 1 Senator Several Cabinet Members Numerous district/circuit

judges

Impeachment requirements Must be found guilty by the

House of Representatives of crimes that include treason, bribery, other high crimes or misdemeanors By a majority vote in the

house Must be convicted of the

crime befitting removal from office (violating the oath of office) By a 2/3 majority in the

Senate Vice President cannot

preside over impeachment hearings

Who has actually been brought to Senate trial? William Blount-Senator

Not Guilty John Pickering-Judge

Guilty/Removed Samuel Chase-Justice

Not guilty James H. Peck-Judge

Not guilty West H. Humphreys-Judge

Guilty Andrew Johnson-President

Not Guilty Mark Delahay-Judge

Resigned William Belknap-Sec. of War

Not guilty Charles Swayne-Judge

Not guilty

Robert Archibald-Judge Guilty, removed

George English-Judge Resigned/charges dismissed

Harold Louderback-Judge Not guilty

Halsted Ritter-Judge Guilty/removed from office

Harry Claiborne-Judge Guilty/removed from office

Alcee Hastings-Judge Guilty/removed from office

Walter Nixon-Judge Guilty/removed from office

William Clinton-President Not guilty

Rules of Succession8 Presidents have

died in officeWilliam Henry

HarrisonZachary TaylorAbraham LincolnJames GarfieldWilliam McKinleyWarren G.

HardingFranklin

RooseveltJohn F. Kennedy

1947 Congress passed the Presidential Succession Act

After the Vice-President Speaker of the House President Pro Tempore of

Senate Secretaries of state, treasury,

and defense, and other cabinet heads in order of creation of their department

Secretary of Homeland Security may be moved to 8th spot, after the attorney general, if the law is changed

Never been used Always been a VP Nixon/Ford issue 25th

Amendment

Richard Nixon

Application of the 25th Amendment Passed in 1967

Gerald Ford

Appointment PowerPower to Convene CongressPower to make treaties

Cannot ratify themVeto PowerCommander in Chief

War Powers Act of 1973 Gives the President 60 days of military force prior to asking

permission from Congress Gives an additional 30 days if the President formally requests it

Pardoning Power Can pardon anyone convicted of a FEDERAL CRIME Nixon-Ford Stanley “Tookie” Williams execution

Presidential Powers

FIVE BEST PRESIDENTS1) Lincoln (War Time)2) FDR (War Time)3) Washington (1st)

4) T. Roosevelt (War Time)5) Truman (War Time)Almost all of the Best

Presidents were leaders who exercised the full power of the Presidential office

1) Buchannan2) A. Johnson (impeached)3) Pierce4) Harding (died in office)5) W. Henry Harrison

(died in office)All were considered

weaker Presidents who didn’t exercise Presidential power

Presidential Powers During WartimeFIVE WORST PRESIDENTS

JacksonExtensively used the

veto powerCreated the spoils

systemCreated the kitchen

cabinetAsserted the

supremacy of the national government

Suspended Habeas Corpus

Expanded the US army above congress

Blockaded the south without the approval of congress

Closed the US mail to all Confederate States

Growth of the Presidency

Lincoln

Creation of more federal

government positions

Tennessee Valley Authority Expansion of the Works

Progress Administration Civil Works Administration

Expansion of government into

everyday life

Expansion of the bureaucracy

Made the President a policy maker

New Deal

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Advisory board to the

Presidency

Includes the following

members:

National Security Council Council of Economic

Advisors Office of Management and

Budget Office of the Vice

President US Trade Representatives

Executive Office of the Presidency

White House StaffPersonal Assistants

to the President Senior aidesDeputiesAssistantsClerical aidesAdministrative aides

Clinton cut the staff by 15%

Bush carries 435 staff members

OH WHERE OUR TAX MONEY GOES!!!!!

"The Honeymoon" The period right

after an election where the Presidents popularity in the polls is at its highest

After re-election it’s not as high as the first election

TrumanJohnsonNixonFordCarterThe Anomalies

Bush ClintonGeorge W.

Presdential LeadershipNeustadt

presidential power to persuade

Going PublicMobilizing public

opinion by going directly to the public

Going over the heads of congress to the people

Presidential PoliciesFDR was the first to

give congress legislation

Uses a bully pulpit Head of a political

party and can call on support

Budgetary Process Office of

Management of the Budget

Plays a role in deciding the budget

Congress still has the major power of the purse

1998-Year of the Balanced Budget

Running the Government:The Chief ExecutiveThe Executive Office

Made up of policymaking and advisory bodiesThree principle groups: NSC, CEA, OMB

Regulation-Policy MakingExecutive OrdersOffice of Homeland

Security Congress raised it to

a department status

Presidential Records Act

Blocks the release of presidential documents for 12 years

Bush has been criticized for protecting his fathers administration