unit iii: biological bases of behavior · biological bases of behavior module 10 the nervous &...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit III:Biological Bases of Behavior
Module 10
The Nervous & Endocrine Systems
The Nervous System 10-1
The Nervous System 10-1
Fig. 10.1
p. 87
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System: The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System: Part of the PNS that controls the glands and other muscles, such as the heart.
10-1
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Sympathetic Nervous System: Division of the ANS that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations (fight-or-flight).
Parasympathetic Nervous System: Division of
the ANS that calms the body, conserving its
energy (rest and digest).
In everyday situations, these two systems work together to keep you in a steady internal state.
10-1
Figure 10.2, p. 88
10-1
Central Nervous System
The brain’s neurons cluster into neural networks.
Neurons networked with each other can have short, fast connections. Learning occurs as feedback strengthens
connections.
A grain-of-sand-sized speck of your brain contains some 100,000 neurons and 1 billion “talking” synapses!
10-1
Central Nervous System
Fig. 10.4, p. 89
The Endocrine System 10-2
The Endocrine System
The endocrine system is the body’s “slow” chemical
communication system.
Communication is
carried out by hormones
synthesized by a set of
glands.
Figure 10.5, p. 90
10-2
Hormones
Hormones are chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the
bloodstream. Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body.
For example, epinephrine
(adrenaline) increases heart rate,
blood pressure, blood sugar, and
feelings of excitement during
emergency situations.
10-2
Pituitary Gland
The “master gland” (and is the
most influential endocrine gland).
It releases hormones that
influence growth and its
secretions also influence the
release of hormones by other
endocrine glands.
10-2