unit ii
TRANSCRIPT
River Valley Civilizations
What was the relationship between early people and the environment?
River Valley Civilizations
Why did hunters and gatherers not have permanent homes?
River Valley Civilizations
What are the changes that took place as a result of the Neolithic Revolution?
Early Civilizations
Elements of a Civilization
Writing SystemsOrganized
Government
Urban Setting
Contributions
New Technologies
Writing Systems
Architecture
Organized Economy Based on Trade
Locations
LawsOrganized Religions
Tigris-Euphrates
Nile
Yellow/Huang He
Indus
Civilization: Highly organized community with advanced elements of culture; politics, economy, art, technology, etc
The 4 Major River Valley Civilizations
River Valley: Nile
Civilization: Egyptian
Important Things to Know:
Leader called Pharaoh (King/God)
Built the Pyramids – tombs for the Pharaohs
Developed Hieroglyphics – picture-based writing
Rosetta Stone:
Written in Latin, Greek and Egyptian
Helped to translate the Hieroglyphics
Hoax?
Old Kingdom
United Upper and Lower Nile Pyramids & Sphinx
Mummification
Hieroglyphics
Mummification
Mummification
Body cleaned andWrapped (Embalmed)
Incased in goldSarcophagus
Grave Robbers
Sarcophagi
Developed Hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphics
Khufu
Built the Great Pyramid (Giza)
Had the Sphinx built
Pyramids for son and grandson
Pyramids
Sandstone & Limestone Treasure buried with
PharaohsTombs of the Pharaohs
Which came first?Servants buried alive?
Sphinx
Built in the image of the Pharaoh How?
Body of Lion NOVA:Riddles of the
Head of the Pharaoh Sphinx
Middle Kingdom
Created new farm land
Improved Technology (Irrigation)
Hyksos Invasion (Chariots)
New Kingdom
Hatshepsut – first female pharaoh
Expand trade
Thutmoses III – Stepson, Military Power, Restored Sphinx
New KingdomTutankhamen – King Tut
Found by Howard Carter in 1922
New Kingdom
Ramses II – 66 year rule Peace treaty
Battles with Hittites (Asia) Great Builder
Ramses II
Regarded as the greatest, most celebrated,and most powerful pharaoh.
At 14 appointed Prince Regent by Seti
Expanded Empire to greatest lengths
Syria Campaign
The Ramesseum – series of monumentsand Temples
The Ramesseum
“A kingdom greater than that of my father” – Ramses II
Abu Simbel
Relocated in 1968 due to Aswan High Dam
Queen Nefertari
Moses
Born under the rule of Ramses I (Seti)
Kill all new born boys
Escaped on Nile
Became Prince of Egypt
Killed Slave Master
Returned to free the Hebrews
Exodus / Plagues of Egypt
The 4 Major River Valley Civilizations
River Valley: Tigris / Euphrates
Civilization: Sumerian / Babylonian
Important Things to Know:
Also called Mesopotamia (Greek for “land between two rivers”)
Located in the Fertile Crescent
Developed Cuneiform – wedge-shaped writing
Invented the wheel
First written laws: Code of Hammurabi
Code of Hammurabi
1780 BC
Code consists of 282 laws
Scaled Punishments
"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”
Social Status
Justice?
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The 4 Major River Valley Civilizations
River Valley: Indus
Civilization: Indian
Important Things to Know:
Two main cities
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro – very well organized
Learned to weave cotton into cloth
The 4 Major River Valley Civilizations
River Valley: Huang He (Yellow)
Civilization: Chinese
Important Things to Know:
Writing symbols represented whole ideas
Called themselves The Middle Kingdom, which is the belief that they were the center of the world (most important, better than others
What these Civilizations contributed to our life:
What these Civilizations contributed to our life:
What these Civilizations contributed to our life:
What these Civilizations contributed to our life:
What these Civilizations contributed to our life:
Essential Questions
How is a civilization different from a community?
Essential Questions
What is the reason that the greatest early civilizations all developed in river valleys?
Essential Questions
Compare and contrast the Nile and Tigris-Euphrates civilizations
Essential Questions
Why was the development of writing systems so important to the development of civilizations?