unit gas consumption calculationconsumption rate of about 3.4 trillion cubic meters of gas per year,...

Job No

1297.20

Page Symbol Unit No Cat Type+Format Serial No Rev

DWG UD I0100.11/1 00 A

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N/S

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E.SIDOROV

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10 JUN 2015 O.SONGUR

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Description Date Name Check

This document containing confidential information and is the property of PAKPAS GROUP and can not be reproduced or used

without PAKPAS’s written consent.

BASE MINERAL RESOURCE LTD

AK

TO

BE-E

MB

A G

AS

FIR

ED

CC

PO

WER

PLA

NTAKTOBE-EMBA

GAS FIRED COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT

230 MW

EDC DESIGN DATA

EDC-1297-020 UNIT GAS CONSUMPTION CALCULATION

UNIT GAS CONSUMPTION CALCULATION

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1297.20


DWG UD I0100.21/1 00 A

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Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants and gases are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years. The energy that the plants originally

obtained from the sun is stored in the form of chemical bonds in natural gas. Natural gas is a nonrenewable resource because it cannot be replenished on a human time frame.[2] Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and sometimes a usually lesser percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or hydrogen sulfide.[3] Natural gas is an energy source often used for heating, cooking, and electricity generation. It is also used as fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals.

Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates. Petroleum is another resource and fossil fuel found in close proximity to, and with natural gas. Most natural gas was created over time by two mechanisms: biogenic and thermogenic. Biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, landfills, and shallow sediments. Deeper in the earth, at greater temperature and pressure, thermogenic gas is created from buried organic material.[4][5]

Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must be processed to remove impurities, including water, to meet the specifications of marketable natural gas. The by-products of this processing include: ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes, and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide (which may be converted into pure sulfur), carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sometimes helium and nitrogen.

Natural gas is often informally referred to simply as "gas", especially when compared to other energy sources such as oil or coal. However, it is not to be confused with gasoline, especially in North America, where the term gasoline is often shortened in colloquial usage to gas.

Natural gas was used by the Chinese in about 500 BC. They discovered a way to transport gas seeping from the ground in crude pipelines of bamboo to where it was used to boil salt water to extract the salt,[6] in the Ziliujing District of Sichuan. The world's first industrial extraction of natural gas started at Fredonia, New York, USA in 1825.[7] By 2009, 66 trillion cubic meters (or 8%) had been used out of the total 850 trillion cubic meters of estimated remaining recoverable reserves of natural gas.[8] Based on an estimated 2015 world consumption rate of about 3.4 trillion cubic meters of gas per year, the total estimated remaining economically recoverable reserves of natural gas would last 250 years at current consumption rates. An annual increase in usage of 2–3% could result in currently recoverable reserves lasting significantly less, perhaps as few as 80 to 100 years

In the 19th century, natural gas was usually obtained as a by-product of producing oil, since the small, light gas carbon chains came out of solution as the extracted fluids underwent pressure reduction from the reservoir to the surface, similar to uncapping a soft drink bottle where the carbon dioxide effervesces. Unwanted natural gas was a disposal problem in the active oil fields. If there was not a market for natural gas near the wellhead it was virtually valueless since it had to be piped to the end user.

In the 19th century and early 20th century, such unwanted gas was usually burned off at oil fields. Today, unwanted gas (or stranded gas without a market) associated with oil extraction often is returned to the reservoir with 'injection' wells while awaiting a possible future market or to repressurize the formation, which can enhance extraction rates from other wells. In regions with a high natural gas demand (such as the US), pipelines are constructed when it is economically feasible to transport gas from a wellsite to an end consumer.

In addition to transporting gas via pipelines for use in power generation, other end uses for natural gas include export as liquefied natural gas (LNG) or conversion of natural gas into other liquid products via gas-to-liquids (GTL) technologies. GTL technologies can convert natural gas into liquids products such as gasoline, diesel or jet fuel. A variety of GTL technologies have been developed, including Fischer–Tropsch (F–T), methanol to gasoline (MTG) and STG+. F–T produces a synthetic crude that can be further refined into finished products, while MTG can produce synthetic gasoline from natural gas. STG+ can produce drop-in gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and aromatic chemicals directly from natural gas via a single-loop process.[9] In 2011, Royal Dutch Shell’s 140,000 barrel per day F–T plant went into operation in Qatar.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas

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1297.20


DWG UD I0100.31/1 00 A

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Chemical Composition of Natural GasNatural gas is a naturally occurring gas mixture, consisting mainly of methane. While most of the gas supplied to Union Gas is from western Canada, some gas is supplied from other sources, including the United States and Ontario producers. While the gas from these sources has a similar analysis, it is not entirely the same. The table below outlines the typical components of natural gas on the Union Gas system and the typical ranges for these values (allowing for the different sources).

Note that there is no guarantee of the following composition at your location or as an overall system average. Since the different gas supplies enter the Union Gas system at different locations, the exact composition at any site will vary among the different regions. The system average heating value will depend on the mix of gas supplies (which is increasingly controlled by our customers), and therefore can vary from the typical value listed below.

https://www.uniongas.com/about-us/about-natural-gas/Chemical-Composition-of-Natural-Gas

Sulphur:In the Union Gas system, the typical sulphur content is 5.5 mg/m3. This includes the 4.9 mg/m3 of sulphur in the odourant (mercaptan) added to gas for safety reasons.

Water:The water vapour content of natural gas in the Union Gas system is less than 80 mg/m3, and is typically 16 to 32 mg/m3.

Typical Combustion Properties of Natural Gas

Note that there is no guarantee that the combustion properties at your location will be exactly as shown. The properties shown are an overall average on the Union Gas system.

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1297.20


DWG UD I0100.41/1 00 A

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UNIT GAS CONSUMPTION CALCULATIONhttp://www.delekenergy.co.il/?pg=calc&CategoryID=198

http://www.ihrdc.com/els/po-demo/module01/mod_001_03.htm

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1297.20


DWG UD I0100.51/1 00 A

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BP CONVERSION UNITS

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DWG UD I0100.61/1 00 A

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Job No

1297.20


DWG UD I0100.71/1 00 A

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GTE-160 GAS TURBINE+KT-80-70 STEAM TURBINE

In 2001 Power Machines and Siemens AG have concluded a License Agreementwith the right to produce and sell GTE-160 gas turbine with rated power of 157MW under documentation of V94.2 – which was a previous naming for the SGT2000E . As a result, the first power plant of Kalinigradskaya CHP-2 with CCP-450 was accepted for commercial operation. As for scheme and equipment composition, this plant was identical to North-West CHP plant, only instead of 94.2 there were applied GTE-160 gas turbines, manufactured by LMZ under License from Siemens. Validation tests conducted in May, 2006, have confirmed the GT performances specified.

Now the fleet of GTE-160, produced by OJSC Power Machines and assembledby ООО Interturbo, accounts for 35 units (included 5 V94.2):? in operation - 13 GTE-160 and 5 V94.2;? in stage of erection at power plants - 8 GTE-160;? in stage of manufacturing - 7 GTE-160, including 2 GTE-145.

Job No

1297.20


DWG UD I0100.81/1 00 A

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N/S

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EDC DESIGN DATA



GTE-160 GAS TURBINE+KT-80-70 STEAM TURBINE

LHV OF THE NATURAL GAS IS 36200 KJ/M3 AT 20 CENTGRADE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND AT 101,325 Kp ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

NATURAL GAS GAS TURBINEGTE-16036200-50400 KJ/M3

10,375 KJ/KWh

0,228 m3/KWh

166 MW

166 MWh

37,848 m3/h

37,848 m3/h GAS

ELEVATION=219 mt

unit gas consumption calculationconsumption rate of about 3.4 trillion cubic meters of gas per year,...

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