unit five-culture and the language teacher
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Teaching English as a
Second LanguageUnit Five: Culture and the Language Teacher
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Examples Include
Telling time Belief that all people are equal
How we avoid conflict and maintainharmony
Religious beliefs
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Cultural Adjustments
Clip Onehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
36o4fthR4ss
Clip Twohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=jI5A5bbTKJ8&feature=fvwrel
Where is she living?
Where is she from?
What kind of persondoes she say it takes
to live/travel abroad?
What are some of thecultural differencesshe has noticed?
How has she dealt
with thesedifferences?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36o4fthR4sshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36o4fthR4sshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36o4fthR4sshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jI5A5bbTKJ8&feature=fvwrelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jI5A5bbTKJ8&feature=fvwrelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jI5A5bbTKJ8&feature=fvwrelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jI5A5bbTKJ8&feature=fvwrelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jI5A5bbTKJ8&feature=fvwrelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36o4fthR4sshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36o4fthR4ss
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Moving to the USAStudent adjustment difficulties
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CultureShock
Negotiationphase
Adjustmentphase
Masteryphase
Honeymoonphase
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Benefits of Adjusting to AnotherCulture
Fuller sense of security Possibility of greater success in the
workplace Possibility of establishing meaningful
relationships with people from the culture The possibility of gaining fluency in the
language A deeper understanding of one’s own
culture A deeper understanding of oneself
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Cultural Concepts ESL
Teachers Should Teach1. Cross-cultural communication includes adapting behaviors
2. Cross-cultural behavior involves problem solving3. To understand a culture, get to know individuals
4. To understand another culture, study your own
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“Cross-cultural
communication includesadapting & understandingbehaviors”
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Cultural ConceptsFor Teachers to Teach
Nonverbal
behaviors
Discoursebehaviors
CommunicativeCompetence
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NonverbalKinestheticBehaviors
•Facial expressions•Gaze & eyemovements•Gestures
•Touch•Posture•Movement
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBnAUYzNgeU
Did anything surprise you
in this clip?What kind of kinesthetic
behaviors did younotice?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBnAUYzNgeUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBnAUYzNgeUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBnAUYzNgeUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBnAUYzNgeUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBnAUYzNgeU
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Shaking HandsAcross Borders
The reasons for shaking handsmay be similar acrossborders, the expression isoften different.
Germans: firm grip, pump thearm and maintain strong eye
contact.
Japanese: weak grip, no armpump, and no eye contact
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Use of Space & Distance
In America Other Cultures
Intimate distance
Personal distance
Social distance
Public distance
Arab: comfortablespacing is equivalentto our intimatedistance
Latin Americans,Greeks, & Turks:stand and sit veryclose
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Space and Distance
Low contact cultures High contact cultures
North Americans
Northern Europeans
Asians
Africans
Latin Americans
Greeks
Turks
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Cultural Influence on EnglishLanguage Learning
English language learning/teachinginvolves:
Cognitive functioning Phonetic development
Cultural influences of both the native and
target cultures
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“The need for cultural literacy in English Language Teaching
arises mainly from the fact that most language learners, not
exposed to cultural elements of the society in question, seem
to encounter significant hardship in communicating meaningto native speakers.”
Erdogan Bada
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Significance of Culture onLanguage Instruction
Expectations for learning are affected byculture
Cultural differences must be addressed inthe classroom
Language production can be affected byculture
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Cultures Differences Influencingthe L2 Classroom
Native languageinfluences
• Grammar
• Syntax
• Languagerules
• Phonetics
GenderedLanguages
• Word orderdifferences
Learning orTeaching Styles
• Differingculturalexpectations
• Differingclassroombehaviorexpectations
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Solution
Cultural education
Diversified instruction responding toneeds of student
Classroom instruction must include
lessons on body language, gestures, eyecontact as well as academic andconversational language
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Socio-cultural Behaviors AcrossCultures
Appropriate ways to interact in social settings How to greet
Make promises Approve Disapprove Complain Show regret Invite Refuse an invitation Offer Giving thanks
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Examples: Speech Acts
Greeting: "Hi, Eric. How are things going?“
Request: "Could you pass me the mashed potatoes, please?“
Complaint: "I’ve already been waiting three weeks for thecomputer, and I was told it would be delivered within a week.“
Invitation: "We’re having some people over Saturday eveningand wanted to know if you’d like to join us.“
Compliment: "Hey, I really like your tie!“
Refusal: "Oh, I’d love to see that movie with you but this Friday just isn’t going to work."
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For example, the following remark as uttered by a nativeEnglish speaker could easily be misinterpreted by a nativeChinese hearer :
Sarah: "I couldn’t agree with you more. "
Cheng: "Hmmm…." (Thinking: "She couldn’t agree with me? I
thought she liked my idea!")
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Giving & Accepting Complements
“Your house is very big!! It must beexpensive!”
Accepting:
Complement: “This food is delicious!”American response: “Thank you! I’m happy you like it!”Japanese response: “That’s really not so.”
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Problem Solving the Cross-CulturalCommunication Breakdown
Develop case scenario’s which outline aproblem
Develop scenarios based upon your
knowledge of the two cultures
Helpful Hints
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Read this scenarioand think abouthow you would
answer thequestions whichfollow the scenario.
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To Understand a Culture…
The individualsHelp Students UnderstandTheir Own Culture
As a whole society Individually
Provide opportunitiesfor students toconsider how peopleinteract in normal
every day situations Requires that teacher
have a minimalknowledge of the
culture as well
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Problems ESL Teachers
HaveRelated to Culture and Language Teaching & Learning
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“I Can’t Seem to Adjust” Problem
Time…time…time. It takes time to adjust.
Identify, accept, and treat the symptoms ofculture shock
Talk with others who have successfully
adjusted Learn as much as possible about the host
culture
Get involved with people in the host culture
Study the language of the host culture
To ease the adjustment problem, tellstudents
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“Learning English will help!”
Don’t give up
Take advantage of the opportunities to
use the language with the local people Enroll in classes
Use the language in every day life
Develop relationships with the localpeople
Develop a plan of study & stick to it!
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Homework
Choose one of the following.
Research the socio-cultural behaviors in a
country where one (or more) of yourstudents may be (or are) from. Write atwo page paper on the culturaldifferences between that country andthe USA.
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References
1. ‘Ask Sister Mary Martha.’ http://asksistermarymartha.blogspot.com/2011/01/culture-shock.html. August 12, 2011.
2. ‘Culture Shock’. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultureshock. June 20, 2011.
3. Gebhard, Jerry G. (2009). Teaching English as a Foreign/Second Language. AnnArbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
4. Frey, Laura. (2011). “A Cross Cultural Experience”. ABE Fall Institute 2011.
5. Reid, Joy M. (1987). The Learning Style Preferences of ESL Students. TESOLQUARTERLY, Vol. 21, No. 1, March 1987.
6. Wahlig Hannah. ‘Culture Influences on English Language Learning.’http://www.ehow.com/about_6621903_culture-influence-english-language-learning.html. June 20, 2011.
6. ‘What is a Speech Act?’ Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition.http://www.carla.umn.edu/speechacts/definition.html. June 20, 2011.