unit: ancient rome. italy map quiz focus cities bari venicemilanbologna genoa rome turinflorence...
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Unit: Ancient RomeUnit: Ancient Rome
ITALY MAP QUIZ FOCUSITALY MAP QUIZ FOCUS
CITIESBari Venice MilanBologna Genoa Rome
Turin Florence Palermo Reggio de Calabria
LANDFORMS/NATIONS Sicily Switzerland Sardinia Slovenia San Marino
PHYSICAL FEATURES/BODIES OF WATER Gulf of Taranto Gulf of Venice Gulf of Genoa Ionian Sea Ligurian Sea
Strait of Sicily Adriatic Sea Mediterranean Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Strait of Messina
QUIZ NEXT CLASS
The EtruscansThe Etruscans• Dominated central
and northern Italian Peninsula
• Confederation of city-states
• Flourishing trade with the East
• Alphabet based on Greek- not totally decipherable
• Great respect for women
The EtruscansThe Etruscans
• Influences on Influences on RomeRome The ArchThe Arch The VaultThe Vault Gladiator combat Gladiator combat
(funeral rite)(funeral rite) Studying animal Studying animal
entrailsentrails
GeographyGeography
• Few natural resources
• Although coastline extensive, few natural harbors – limited seafaring skills
• Predominantly agricultural – Plains of Latium
• Land open to invasion / farmer-soldiers
Early Greek InfluencesEarly Greek Influences
• Greek colonies on Greek colonies on peninsula / Sicilypeninsula / Sicily
• Influences include:Influences include: ReligionReligion AlphabetAlphabet Crops- grapes and Crops- grapes and
olives olives
Origin of the EtruscansOrigin of the EtruscansOrigin of the EtruscansOrigin of the Etruscans
Z Between 900 and 500 BCE
Z Called themselves the Rasenna; >the Greeks called them Tyrrhenioi; >the Romans called them the Etruscans.
Z Came from eastern Mediterranean, possibly Asia Minor.
Z Their land was called Etruria.
Z Between 900 and 500 BCE
Z Called themselves the Rasenna; >the Greeks called them Tyrrhenioi; >the Romans called them the Etruscans.
Z Came from eastern Mediterranean, possibly Asia Minor.
Z Their land was called Etruria.
TheThe
LandLand
of theof the
EtruscanEtruscanss
TheThe
LandLand
of theof the
EtruscanEtruscanss
EtruscansEtruscansEtruscansEtruscans
Etruscan Political SystemEtruscan Political SystemEtruscan Political SystemEtruscan Political SystemZ Independent, fortified city-states.
Z Formed small confederacies.
Z Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples.
Z By 6 C.BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian peninsula,including Rome and the island of Corsica.
Z Independent, fortified city-states.
Z Formed small confederacies.
Z Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples.
Z By 6 C.BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian peninsula,including Rome and the island of Corsica.
Etruscan MilitaryEtruscan MilitaryEtruscan MilitaryEtruscan Military
Bronze WarriorBronze Warrior6c BCE Chariot6c BCE Chariot
Etruscan WritingEtruscan WritingEtruscan WritingEtruscan Writing
Z Most inscriptions found on tombs and monuments and mirrors.
Z We can pronounce Etruscanwords, because they use analphabet similar to Greek, but wehave no clue about their meaning.
Z Over 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions.
Z Most inscriptions found on tombs and monuments and mirrors.
Z We can pronounce Etruscanwords, because they use analphabet similar to Greek, but wehave no clue about their meaning.
Z Over 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions.
Lemnos Stelae – 6c BCELemnos Stelae – 6c BCELemnos Stelae – 6c BCELemnos Stelae – 6c BCE
The Etruscan AlphabetThe Etruscan AlphabetThe Etruscan AlphabetThe Etruscan Alphabet
Etruscan Writing TabletEtruscan Writing TabletEtruscan Writing TabletEtruscan Writing Tablet
Etruscan ReligionEtruscan ReligionEtruscan ReligionEtruscan Religion
Z Polytheistic.
Z Believed that the destiny of manwas determined by the whims of the gods.
Z Believed in prophecy and readingthe signs of nature by augurs.
Z Believed in predestination.
Z Polytheistic.
Z Believed that the destiny of manwas determined by the whims of the gods.
Z Believed in prophecy and readingthe signs of nature by augurs.
Z Believed in predestination.
Reconstruction of anReconstruction of anEtruscan TempleEtruscan Temple
Reconstruction of anReconstruction of anEtruscan TempleEtruscan Temple
Etruscan CemeteryEtruscan CemeteryEtruscan CemeteryEtruscan Cemetery
Etruscan Etruscan FuneralFuneral& Tomb& Tomb
Etruscan Etruscan FuneralFuneral& Tomb& Tomb
Etruscan Etruscan Tomb Tomb Wall &Wall &
Tomb FrescoTomb Fresco
Etruscan Etruscan Tomb Tomb Wall &Wall &
Tomb FrescoTomb Fresco
Interior of an Etruscan Interior of an Etruscan TombTomb
Interior of an Etruscan Interior of an Etruscan TombTomb
Sarcophagus of an Sarcophagus of an Etruscan CoupleEtruscan Couple
Sarcophagus of an Sarcophagus of an Etruscan CoupleEtruscan Couple
Etruscan Gold JewelryEtruscan Gold JewelryEtruscan Gold JewelryEtruscan Gold Jewelry
Life-Size Statue of an Life-Size Statue of an Etruscan Baby in Etruscan Baby in
Swaddling ClothesSwaddling Clothes
Life-Size Statue of an Life-Size Statue of an Etruscan Baby in Etruscan Baby in
Swaddling ClothesSwaddling Clothes
Etruscan ArtEtruscan ArtEtruscan ArtEtruscan ArtZ Art created for religious or utilitarian
purposes.
Z Most famous pieces created out ofterracotta.
Z Many murals and frescoes on tomb walls.
Z Lively depictions of life—dancing, games,music, and feasting.
Z Pottery at first copies of Greek works.
Later, created their own bronze pottery.
Z Bronze crafts [mirrors, bowls, candelabra].
Z Art created for religious or utilitarianpurposes.
Z Most famous pieces created out ofterracotta.
Z Many murals and frescoes on tomb walls.
Z Lively depictions of life—dancing, games,music, and feasting.
Z Pottery at first copies of Greek works.
Later, created their own bronze pottery.
Z Bronze crafts [mirrors, bowls, candelabra].
DanceDanceDanceDance
Double FlutistDouble Flutist
An Etruscan BanquetAn Etruscan BanquetAn Etruscan BanquetAn Etruscan Banquet
Etruscan WrestlersEtruscan WrestlersEtruscan WrestlersEtruscan Wrestlers
Etruscan Jars & VasesEtruscan Jars & VasesEtruscan Jars & VasesEtruscan Jars & Vases
Etruscan BronzesEtruscan BronzesEtruscan BronzesEtruscan Bronzes
The Gate of Volterra:The Gate of Volterra:First known Archway in First known Archway in
History!History!
The Gate of Volterra:The Gate of Volterra:First known Archway in First known Archway in
History!History!
Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of RomeRome
Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of RomeRome
Reign of RomulusReign of Romulus 753-716 BCE753-716 BCE
Numa PompiliusNuma Pompilius 715-674 BCE715-674 BCE
Tullius HostilliusTullius Hostillius 673-642 BCE673-642 BCE
Anchus MarciusAnchus Marcius 642-617 BCE642-617 BCE
Lucius Tarquinian PriscusLucius Tarquinian Priscus 616-579 BCE616-579 BCE
Servius TulliusServius Tullius 578-535 BCE578-535 BCE
Lucius Tarquinius SuperbusLucius Tarquinius Superbus 535-510 BCE535-510 BCE
509 BCE509 BCE Roman Revolt Roman Revolt Republic Republic Established!Established!
The Origins of Rome
• Indo-Indo-Europeans Europeans 2,000-1,000 2,000-1,000 BCEBCE
• City-state of City-state of Rome founded Rome founded 753 753 BCEBCE
• Tiber River / Tiber River / Seven Hills of Seven Hills of RomeRome
• Strategic Strategic importanceimportance
Tiber River / Seven Hills of RomeTiber River / Seven Hills of Rome
The Origins of Rome
• Romulus and Remus
• Rape of the Sabine Women
Romulus and Remus
Romulus and Remus
Rome's twin founders
Foundation myth
Descendants of the Trojan prince and refugee Aeneas
Fathered by Mars <or the demi-god Hercules> and Rhea Silvia
Uncle exposes them to die in wild.
Found by a she-wolf who suckles and cares for them.
Twins are eventually restored to their regal birthright,
Acquire many followers
Decide to found a new city.
Romulus and Remus given shelter by Pietro-da-Cortona
Romulus wishes new city on Palatine Hill;
Remus prefers Aventine Hill.
Agree to determine the site through augury.
Romulus appears to receive the sign, but each claims the truth.
Tiber River / Seven Hills of RomeTiber River / Seven Hills of Rome
Disputes follow, Remus is killed.
Romulus names the new city Rome, after himself
Creates the Roman Legions and the Roman Senate.
Adds citizens to his new city by abducting the women of the neighboring Sabine tribes,
Result = combination of Sabines and Romans as one Roman people.
Rome rapidly expands
Rape of the Sabine Women
Dominant force, due to: Divine guidance and Inspired administrative, military and political leadership of Romulus.
Romulus increasingly autocratic
Disappears in mysterious circumstances
Deified as the god Quirinus Divine persona of the Roman people.
The History of Rome
• Roman history in three major political phases:The Kingdom (753-507)- Traditionally,
rule by seven kings from Romulus to Tarquinius Superbus
The Republic (507-31)- Rule by Senate, Consuls, Assemblies, and dictators
The Empire (31 BCE – 476 CE)- Rule by emperors