unit 9. independent particles, moving in straight lines change direction with collisions travel...
TRANSCRIPT
GasesUnit 9
Properties of Gases
Independent particles, moving in straight lines
Change direction with collisions Travel randomly Assume shape of container and
volume of their container Large amount of empty space Compressible No attractive forces between particles
More Properties
Fluidity – gas particles glide and flow past each other
Expansion – fill any container Compressibility – can decrease the
volume Diffusion – spontaneous mixing of
two gases, flow until evenly distributed. Flow from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Pressure
Dependent on the force of the collision and the number of collisions that occur between particles.
Pressure = Force/Area
Atmospheric or barometric pressure – results from collisions of air molecules with objects on earth.
Devices to Measure Pressure
Manometer
Barometer Developed by Evangelista Torricelli
Pressure gauge
Pressure Units
SI unit = Pascal (Pa) A pascal is small so normally the
kilopascal (kPa) is used which is 1000 Pascal.
Atmosphere (atm) 1 atm is the atmospheric pressure at sea
level. Pounds per square inch (psi) Millimeters of mercury (mmHg) Torr
Boyle’s Law
Named after Robert Boyle It says that at a constant
temperature pressure and volume are inversely proportionate.
As volume goes up the pressure goes down and vice versa.
P1V1=P2V2
Graphing Boyle’s Law
Applying Boyle’s Law
Weather Balloon Helium vs. Air Equilibrium
Airplanes Pressure as you climb Volume
Kinetic explanation of Boyle’s Law
Bike Pump
Practice Problem
The maximum volume of air that a weather balloon can hold without rupturing is 22,000L. It is designed to reach an altitude of 30 km. At this altitude, the atmospheric pressure is o.o125 atm. What maximum volume of helium gas should be used to inflate the balloon before it is launched?
Practice Problem 2
Two liters of air at atmospheric pressure are compressed into the 0.45 L canister of a warning horn. If its temperature remains constant, what is the pressure of the compressed air in the horn?
Charles's Law
Named after Jacques Charles States that at a constant pressure the
volume of a gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature.
As temperature goes up volume goes up.
Temperature must be in Kelvin:K=oC +273
Graphing Charles’s Law
Applying Charles’s Law
Lid in refrigerator Air hot Cools down and sinks
Tires on the road Too inflated pops tire
Kinetic explanation of Charles’s Law
Balloon
Practice Problem
A balloon is filled with 3.0 L of helium at 22oC and 760 mmHg. It is then placed outdoors on a hot summer day when the temperature is 31 oC. If the pressure remains constant what will the volume of the balloon be?
GAY- LUSSAC’S LAW
Named after Joseph Gay-Lussac States that at a constant volume the
pressure and temperature of a gas are directly proportional.
As temperature goes up pressure goes up.
Temperature must be in Kelvin: K=oC +273
Graphing Gay-Lussac’s Law
Applying/Kinetic explanation of Gay-Lussac’s Law
Aerosol can in fire Pressurized can Increase temp= explosion
Combined Gas Law
All three gas laws put together.
Temperature must be in Kelvin: K=oC +273
STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure Defined as 273K and 1 atm
Practice Problem
A toy balloon has an internal pressure of 1.05 atm and a volume of 5.0L. If the temperature where the balloon is released is 2ooC, what will happen to the volume when the balloon rises to an altitude where the pressure is 0.65 atm and the temperature is -15 0C?
Health
Hyper: above or excessive Hyperbaric refers to pressure that is
greater than normal Hyperbaric chambers uses:
cure burns Decompression sickness Anemia Infections