Unit 9: Astronomy

Earth Science, Chapters 21-24

Unit Big Idea/Essential Questions

Entire universe is driven by energy: gravity and electromagnetism.

Essential Questions1.How is the Doppler Effect used to explain movement of the universe?

2. Explain stellar evolution and how spectroscopes can identify material in a star.

3. How has the view of the universe changed over time?ES Standards: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

Key Vocabulary

Aphelion Declination Geocentric Heliocentric Perihelion Retrograde

motion Revolution Rotation

Escape Velocity Maria Solar Nebula Doppler Effect Nuclear Fusion Spectroscopy Absolute/Apparent

magnitude Nebula

Golden Age of Astronomy Centered in Greece Used geometry and trigonometry Geocentric View and Ptolemaic

System Aristotle- Earth is spherical Eratosthenes- Size of Earth Aristarchus- Distances from Earth Hipparchus- Star Catalogue

Modern Astronomy

Copernicus and Heliocentric View Tycho Brahe and stellar parallax Kepler and Elliptical orbits Galileo Netwon and Laws of Motion

Law of Universal Gravitation

Law of Universal Gravitation Fgravity= G(m1m2/d2) Gravitational Constant (G):

6.67 x 10-11 N*m2/kg2

Calculate force between an object with 50 kg and another object with 50 kg that are .75 m away from each other.

What is the force when the distance is 2500 m?

What happened to the Force of gravity as distance increased?

Positions in the Sky

2 mapping Systems Constellations Equatorial (declination and right ascension)

Motions of Earth Rotation Revolution

Earth-Moon System

Origins of the Solar System Theories

Big Bang Nebula

Terrestrial vs. Jovian Planets Earth’s Moon

Theory of formation Lunar Surface

Signals From Space Electromagnetic Spectrum

Physics of Light Spectrums

Continuous Dark-Line Bright-Line

Doppler Effect Telescopes

Optical Non-Optical

Sun

Structure Interior Visible Surface: photosphere Atmosphere: chromosphere and corona

Activity Sunspots Prominences Flares

Stars

Question of the Day

How do caves form?

Groundwater

Rate of movement and amount depends on Porosity Permeability Aquitards Aquifers

Glaciation

Two types Glacial Movement

Zone of accumulation Zone of wastage

Erosion by plucking and abrasion

Glacial Features via Erosion Glacial Trough Hanging Valleys Cirques Aretes Horns Fjords

Question of the Day

What are the differences between continental glaciers and alpine glaciers?

Depositional Features

Till vs. Stratified Drift Glacial Erratics Moranines Outwash Plains Drumlins Eskers Kames Kettle Lakes

Causes of Glaciation

Plate Tectonics Changes in Earth’s Orbit Changes in output energy from Sun Albedo and Atmosphere composition

Wind Erosion and Deposition Deflations and Abrasion Loess Sand Dunes