unit 8: part a unwritten rules 21st century college english: book 2

Unit 8: Part AUnit 8: Part A

Unwritten Unwritten RulesRules

21st Century College English: Book 221st Century College English: Book 2

Unit 8: Part AUnit 8: Part A

• Pre-Reading Activities

• Intensive Study

• Exercises

• Assignment

• Listening

• Warm-up Questions

Pre-Reading ActivitiesPre-Reading Activities

AAss you listen to the tape, mark each word or phrase you listen to the tape, mark each word or phrase J or T, to indicate whether Jill (the woman) or Tim J or T, to indicate whether Jill (the woman) or Tim (the man) says them. (Some words might be spoken (the man) says them. (Some words might be spoken by both of people!)by both of people!)

Pre-reading Activities: ListeningPre-reading Activities: Listening

ScriptScriptScriptScript

animal animal anywhereanywhere asleepasleep carcar

coldcold decentdecent ignoreignore lawlaw

lightlight no oneno one policepolice safetysafety

sleepysleepy social contractsocial contract who knowswho knows

TT JJ JJ JJ

JJ TT TT J,TJ,T

J,TJ,T J,TJ,T JJ TT

JJ TT TT

Pre-reading Activities: ListeningPre-reading Activities: Listening

Jill:Jill: Honey, what are you stopping for?Honey, what are you stopping for?

Tim:Tim: I’m stopping because the light is red. Don’t you see it?I’m stopping because the light is red. Don’t you see it?

Jill:Jill: I see it, but I see it, but …… Tim, there’s no one around, there isn’t anothe Tim, there’s no one around, there isn’t another car in sight, and I’m sleepy, and it’s cold! I want to get homr car in sight, and I’m sleepy, and it’s cold! I want to get home.e.

Tim:Tim: A red light is a red light. It isn’t just a question of safety, doA red light is a red light. It isn’t just a question of safety, don’t you know that? n’t you know that?

Jill:Jill: Of course I know it’s against the law to run a red light, but thOf course I know it’s against the law to run a red light, but there are no police anywhere near here! They’re all home asleere are no police anywhere near here! They’re all home asleep ep —— and I’d like to be too. and I’d like to be too.

Tim:Tim: It isn’t just a question of the law either. It’s a question of … tIt isn’t just a question of the law either. It’s a question of … the social contrast. It’s a question of decent, civilized behavihe social contrast. It’s a question of decent, civilized behavior. If we start running red lights just because it’s safe and thor. If we start running red lights just because it’s safe and there’s no one around to see us, who knows where it will end.ere’s no one around to see us, who knows where it will end.

Jill:Jill: Tim …Tim …

Tim:Tim: First you quietly ignore a red light First you quietly ignore a red light —— the next thing you kno the next thing you know, you’re acting like an animal!w, you’re acting like an animal!

Jill:Jill: Tim! The light’s turned green now. Will you drive, please?Tim! The light’s turned green now. Will you drive, please?

Pre-reading Activities: Warm-up QuestionsPre-reading Activities: Warm-up Questions

Whose point of view is closer to your own?Whose point of view is closer to your own?

Are there situations when it’s okay to break Are there situations when it’s okay to break the rules? Are there rules it’s never okay to the rules? Are there rules it’s never okay to break, even when you’re alone?break, even when you’re alone?

• Intensive Study

• Difficult sentencesDifficult sentences

• Key words, phrases & usagesKey words, phrases & usages

• Comprehension exercisesComprehension exercises

Intensive StudyIntensive Study

Unwritten Rules Unwritten Rules

Bob GreeneBob Greene

11 The restaurant was almost full. A steady hum of conversation The restaurant was almost full. A steady hum of conversation

hung over the room; people spoke with each other and worked on their meals.

22 Suddenly, from a table near the center of the room, came a Suddenly, from a table near the center of the room, came a

screaming voice: screaming voice: ““Damn it, Sylvia....Damn it, Sylvia....””


33 The man was shouting at the top of his voice. His face was red, The man was shouting at the top of his voice. His face was red,

and he yelled at the woman sitting opposite him for about fifteen and he yelled at the woman sitting opposite him for about fifteen

seconds. In the crowded restaurant, it seemed like an hour. All other seconds. In the crowded restaurant, it seemed like an hour. All other

conversations in the room stopped, and everyone looked at the man. conversations in the room stopped, and everyone looked at the man.

He must have realized this, because just as suddenly as he had started, he lowered his voice and finished whatever it was he had to say in a tone the rest of us could not hear.


44 It was startling It was startling precisely because it almost never happens; there because it almost never happens; there

are no laws against such explosions, and with the pressures of our mare no laws against such explosions, and with the pressures of our m

odern world you would almost expect to run into such things odern world you would almost expect to run into such things

on a regular basis. But you don. But you don''t; as a matter of fact, when I thought it t; as a matter of fact, when I thought it

over I realized that it was the first time in my life I had over I realized that it was the first time in my life I had witnessed such such

a a demonstration. During all the meals I. During all the meals I''ve had in restaurants, I had nevve had in restaurants, I had nev

er seen a person start screaming er seen a person start screaming at the top of his lungs..


55 When you're eating among other people, you don't raise your voiWhen you're eating among other people, you don't raise your voi

ce; it's just one example of the unwritten rules we ce; it's just one example of the unwritten rules we live by. When you c. When you c

onsider it, you recognize that those rules probably govern our lives oonsider it, you recognize that those rules probably govern our lives o

n a more absolute basis than the ones you could find if you looked in n a more absolute basis than the ones you could find if you looked in

the law books. The customs that govern us are what make a civilizatithe law books. The customs that govern us are what make a civilizati

on. There would be chaos without them, and yet it's not at all clear won. There would be chaos without them, and yet it's not at all clear w

hy — even in our hy — even in our disintegrating society — we obey them. society — we obey them.


6 6 How many times have you stopped at a red light late at night? YoHow many times have you stopped at a red light late at night? Yo

u can see in all directions; there's no one else around — no headlightu can see in all directions; there's no one else around — no headlight

s, no police cruiser idling behind you. You're tired and in a hurry. But s, no police cruiser idling behind you. You're tired and in a hurry. But

you wait for the light to change. Is it for safety's sake? No; you can syou wait for the light to change. Is it for safety's sake? No; you can s

ee that there would be no accident if you drove on. Is it to avoid gettiee that there would be no accident if you drove on. Is it to avoid getti

ng arrested? No; you are alone; there's no one to catch you. Still, you ng arrested? No; you are alone; there's no one to catch you. Still, you

sit and wait. sit and wait.


7 7 At major At major athletic events, it is not uncommon to find 90,000 or 100, events, it is not uncommon to find 90,000 or 100,

000 people sitting in the stands. On the playing field are two dozen at000 people sitting in the stands. On the playing field are two dozen at

hletes — maybe fewer. There aren't enough security guards hletes — maybe fewer. There aren't enough security guards on hand t t

o keep all the spectators from getting out of their seats and walking oo keep all the spectators from getting out of their seats and walking o

nto the field. But it never happens. Regardless of the emotion of the cnto the field. But it never happens. Regardless of the emotion of the c

ontest, the spectators stay in their places, and the athletes are safe in ontest, the spectators stay in their places, and the athletes are safe in

their part of the arena. The invisible barrier always holds.their part of the arena. The invisible barrier always holds.


88 In restaurants and coffee shops, people pay their bills. It's a simpIn restaurants and coffee shops, people pay their bills. It's a simp

le enough concept. Yet it would be remarkably easy to wander away fle enough concept. Yet it would be remarkably easy to wander away f

rom a meal without paying at the end. Especially in these difficult ecorom a meal without paying at the end. Especially in these difficult eco

nomic times, wouldn't you expect this to become a common form of nomic times, wouldn't you expect this to become a common form of

cheating? Why doesn't it happen more often? It's just another unwrittcheating? Why doesn't it happen more often? It's just another unwritt

en rule of human conduct that people automatically en rule of human conduct that people automatically make good on the on the

ir debts. They would ir debts. They would no sooner walk out on a bill than start screaming. start screaming.


9 9 I know a man who, when he parks his car at a I know a man who, when he parks his car at a parking meter, alway, alway

s puts change in the meter even if there's time left on it. He regards it s puts change in the meter even if there's time left on it. He regards it

as the right thing to do. He says he isn't doing it just to extend the tias the right thing to do. He says he isn't doing it just to extend the ti

me remaining — even if there's sufficient time on the meter to me remaining — even if there's sufficient time on the meter to cover whatever task he has to perform at the location, he whatever task he has to perform at the location, he pays his own way. .

He believes that you're supposed to purchase your own time; the fellHe believes that you're supposed to purchase your own time; the fell

ow before you purchased only his.ow before you purchased only his.


1010 There are so many rules like these — rules that we all obey There are so many rules like these — rules that we all obey

— that we think about them only when that rare person — that we think about them only when that rare person violates them. them.

In the restaurant, after the man had yelled “Damn it, Sylvia” there waIn the restaurant, after the man had yelled “Damn it, Sylvia” there wa

s a s a tentative atmosphere among the other diners for half an hour after atmosphere among the other diners for half an hour after

it happened. They weren’t sure what disturbed them about what they it happened. They weren’t sure what disturbed them about what they

had witnessed; they knew, though, that it had violated something verhad witnessed; they knew, though, that it had violated something ver

y basic about the way we're supposed to behave. And it bothered they basic about the way we're supposed to behave. And it bothered the

m — which in itself is a hopeful sign that, m — which in itself is a hopeful sign that, more often than not, all is we, all is we

ll. ll.

(750 words) (750 words)


hang overhang over

— — 1)1) remain in the air; be placed above or on top of (sth. remain in the air; be placed above or on top of (sth. or sb.) or sb.)

2)2) be likely to happen soon; surround (sth.) as with be likely to happen soon; surround (sth.) as with fefear, doubt, etc.ar, doubt, etc.

e.g.e.g.• Smog used to Smog used to hang overhang over the city. the city.• They felt some kind of disaster was They felt some kind of disaster was hanging overhanging over their their

vacation.vacation.TranslateTranslate

An economic crisis is hanging over the country.An economic crisis is hanging over the country.

KeyKey经济危机笼罩着这个国家。经济危机笼罩着这个国家。

Translate into Chinese:Translate into Chinese:

He must have realized this, because just as suddenly as He must have realized this, because just as suddenly as he had started, he lowered his voice and finished he had started, he lowered his voice and finished whatever it was he had to say in a tone the rest of us whatever it was he had to say in a tone the rest of us could not hear.could not hear.

他一定意识到了这一点，因为就像他突然开始尖叫一样，他他一定意识到了这一点，因为就像他突然开始尖叫一样，他突然又压低了嗓门，用旁人听不到的声音结束了他想说的话。突然又压低了嗓门，用旁人听不到的声音结束了他想说的话。

就像他突然开始尖叫一样，他突然又压低了嗓门就像他突然开始尖叫一样，他突然又压低了嗓门就像他突然开始尖叫一样，他突然又压低了嗓门就像他突然开始尖叫一样，他突然又压低了嗓门

用旁人听不到的声音用旁人听不到的声音用旁人听不到的声音用旁人听不到的声音

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

他一定意识到了这一点他一定意识到了这一点 ,,他一定意识到了这一点他一定意识到了这一点 ,,

He must have realized this, …He must have realized this, …

The The must bemust be pattern is used to give a guess or draw a pattern is used to give a guess or draw a logical conclusion concerning a present event, while tlogical conclusion concerning a present event, while the he must have donemust have done pattern is used to give a guess or draw a pattern is used to give a guess or draw a logical conclusion concerning a past event. logical conclusion concerning a past event.

e.g.e.g.

• Judging from his looks, he must be over 50 now.Judging from his looks, he must be over 50 now.

• Judging from his walking, he must have been a soldier Judging from his walking, he must have been a soldier before.before.

More to doMore to doMore to doMore to do

1.1. There are two policemen at the door asking about the breaThere are two policemen at the door asking about the break-in. (father, report)k-in. (father, report)

2.2. There’s blood on the kitchen floor. (mother, cut her There’s blood on the kitchen floor. (mother, cut her finfinger)ger)

VIII. Respond to the sentences below with a must have speculation about the cause. Use the words in parentheses to formulate your sentences.

FatherFather must have reportedmust have reported it.it.

MotherMother must have cutmust have cut her finger.her finger.

Exercises Exercises • • StructureStructure

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 229Ex. VIII, p. 229《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 229Ex. VIII, p. 229

3.3. It’s already 2 o’clock but Jane isn’t here. (forget about the It’s already 2 o’clock but Jane isn’t here. (forget about the meeting.)meeting.)

4.4. We’ve driven two hours, but where is the beach? (take the We’ve driven two hours, but where is the beach? (take the wrong road)wrong road)

SheShe must have forgotten about the meeting.about the meeting.

We We must have taken the wrong way.the wrong way.



5.5. Jack looked tired this morning. (stay up late)Jack looked tired this morning. (stay up late)

HeHe must have stayed up late.late.



precisely precisely ad.ad.

—— 1)1) exactly; justexactly; just

2)2) in an exact manner; carefullyin an exact manner; carefully

e.g.e.g.

• This is This is preciselyprecisely why I want to see you. why I want to see you.

• The train leaves at 10 o'clock The train leaves at 10 o'clock preciselyprecisely..

DrillDrill

Make a sentence with Make a sentence with preciselyprecisely..

PreciselyPrecisely is used to emphasize that a particular thing is is used to emphasize that a particular thing is completely true or correct.completely true or correct.

on a … basison a … basis

—— (be done) in a … way; using a … method(be done) in a … way; using a … method

e.g.e.g.

• The results of the experiment are checked The results of the experiment are checked on a daily on a daily basisbasis..

ParaphraseParaphrase

These people donate their blood on a voluntary basis.These people donate their blood on a voluntary basis.

KeyKey

These people give their blood out without asking for These people give their blood out without asking for

paymentpayment..

witnesswitness n.n.

—— a person who sees an event take place and is a person who sees an event take place and is therefore able to describe it to otherstherefore able to describe it to others

e.g.e.g.

• Other Other witnesses witnesses were called, and gave similar evidence. were called, and gave similar evidence.

TranslateTranslate

一个证人声称曾见过那把枪。一个证人声称曾见过那把枪。

KeyKey

One One witnesswitness claimed to have seen the gun. claimed to have seen the gun.


witnesswitness v.v.

—— see sth. happensee sth. happen

e.g.e.g.

• He arrived home just in time to He arrived home just in time to witnesswitness his brother his brother being taken away by the police.being taken away by the police.

TranslateTranslate

The police are trying to find people who The police are trying to find people who witnessedwitnessed

the car accident.the car accident.

KeyKey

警方正试图找到目睹车祸的人。警方正试图找到目睹车祸的人。

demonstrationdemonstration n.n.

— — 1)1) the expression of a feeling the expression of a feeling

2)2) a public show of strong feeling or opinion, often a public show of strong feeling or opinion, often with marching, big signswith marching, big signs

e.g.e.g.• This love letter is a This love letter is a demonstrationdemonstration of her love to of her love to

Charlie.Charlie.• The new tax proposal sparked a huge The new tax proposal sparked a huge demonstrationdemonstration in in

the city's main square.the city's main square.TranslateTranslateThere was series of There was series of demonstrationsdemonstrations against the Prime against the Prime Minister's visit to the country.Minister's visit to the country.

KeyKey一连串的游行示威抗议首相对这个国家的访问一连串的游行示威抗议首相对这个国家的访问 ..

at the top of (one’s) lungsat the top of (one’s) lungs

—— as loud as possibleas loud as possible

e.g.e.g.

• The baby cried The baby cried at the top of (his) lungsat the top of (his) lungs when he found his when he found his

mother had gone.mother had gone.

See also (Line 1, Para 3):See also (Line 1, Para 3):The man was shouting at the top of his voice.The man was shouting at the top of his voice.

live bylive by

— — live according to; behave according to a particular set live according to; behave according to a particular set of rules or ideasof rules or ideas

e.g.e.g.• He He lives bylives by a strict moral code. a strict moral code.• Honest labor is the principle we Honest labor is the principle we live bylive by..

TranslateTranslate我总是努力按照我所信仰的去生活。我总是努力按照我所信仰的去生活。

KeyKeyI always try to live by what I believe in.I always try to live by what I believe in.

disintegrate disintegrate v.v.

—— 1)1) fall apart fall apart

2)2) (cause to) break into small parts or pieces(cause to) break into small parts or pieces

e.g.e.g.• He watched his parentsHe watched his parents' ' marriagemarriage disintegrate disintegrate..• The spacecraft The spacecraft disintegrateddisintegrated as it entered the Earth's as it entered the Earth's

atmosphere.atmosphere.

Something such as a society or a relationship Something such as a society or a relationship disintegratesdisintegrates when it becomes less and less stable and when it becomes less and less stable and collapses.collapses.

TranslateTranslate这个盒子太旧了，我一把它捡起来就碎了。这个盒子太旧了，我一把它捡起来就碎了。

KeyKeyThe box was so old that it The box was so old that it disintegrateddisintegrated when I picked when I picked it up.it up.

athleticathletic a.a.

— — 1)1) of or like an athlete of or like an athlete

2)2) having to do with outdoor sportshaving to do with outdoor sports

e.g.e.g.

• He was admired for his He was admired for his athleticathletic body. body.

• This college has a long tradition of This college has a long tradition of athletic athletic excellence.excellence.

on handon hand

— — within reach; available; readywithin reach; available; ready

e.g.e.g.

• John was embarrassed at the restaurant yesterday for he John was embarrassed at the restaurant yesterday for he

had no money had no money on handon hand to pay the bill. to pay the bill.

DrillDrill

Make a sentence with Make a sentence with on handon hand..

make goodmake good

—— pay what one owes; make up forpay what one owes; make up for

e.g.e.g.• The policeman told the boy's parents that the boy The policeman told the boy's parents that the boy

must must make goodmake good the money he had stolen or go to jail. the money he had stolen or go to jail.• She promised that she would She promised that she would make goodmake good the loss. the loss.

TranslateTranslateThe damage to your furniture will be The damage to your furniture will be made goodmade good by by

our company.our company.

KeyKey对于你的家具的损坏将由我们公司赔偿。对于你的家具的损坏将由我们公司赔偿。

no sooner … than …no sooner … than …

—— 1) 1) neither … norneither … nor

2) 2) immediately afterimmediately after

e.g.e.g.

• They would They would no soonerno sooner send their senile mother to the send their senile mother to the

home for the aged home for the aged thanthan let her stay at home alone. let her stay at home alone.

• No soonerNo sooner had he closed his eyes had he closed his eyes thanthan he fell asleep. he fell asleep.

Cf.Cf.

no sooner said than doneno sooner said than done

—— sth. will be immediately done after it is suggestedsth. will be immediately done after it is suggested

e.g.e.g.

• Can you fix the phone?Can you fix the phone?

Don’t worry — Don’t worry — no sooner said than doneno sooner said than done..

Cf.Cf.

sooner or latersooner or later

—— eventually; in the endeventually; in the end

e.g.e.g.

• You’ll be sorry for your decision You’ll be sorry for your decision sooner or latersooner or later..


walk out onwalk out on

—— 1)1) stop doing sth. one has agreed to do or that one is stop doing sth. one has agreed to do or that one is responsible forresponsible for

2)2) leave suddenly, esp. in a time of trouble; desertleave suddenly, esp. in a time of trouble; desert

e.g.e.g.• His wife His wife walked out onwalked out on him, and was later seen with him, and was later seen with

another man.another man.

TranslateTranslate你不能不实施合同你不能不实施合同 , , 否则就上法庭。否则就上法庭。

KeyKeyYou can’t You can’t walk out onwalk out on the contract, or you could be the contract, or you could be

taken to court.taken to court.

Text-related informationText-related information

Parking MeterParking Meter

A parking meter is a coin-operatedA parking meter is a coin-operated

device along the street curbs whichdevice along the street curbs which

registers the purchase of parkingregisters the purchase of parking

time for a motor vehicle parkedtime for a motor vehicle parked

next to it. If the time on the meter is expired, a Notice of next to it. If the time on the meter is expired, a Notice of

Parking Violation (ticket) will be issued by traffic officers Parking Violation (ticket) will be issued by traffic officers

who check the meters from time to time along the street.who check the meters from time to time along the street.

covercover v.v.

—— (of money) be enough for(of money) be enough for

e.g.e.g.• A hundred yuan used to A hundred yuan used to covercover the monthly expenses the monthly expenses

of a university student.of a university student.• The selling price barely The selling price barely coveredcovered the cost of the raw mate the cost of the raw mate

rials.rials.

TranslateTranslateThe fee for the flight ticket The fee for the flight ticket coverscovers the lunch and drink the lunch and drink aboard.aboard.

KeyKey

机票（款）包含了机上的午餐和饮料。机票（款）包含了机上的午餐和饮料。

pay one’s waypay one’s way

— — pay for what one wants without having to depend on pay for what one wants without having to depend on anyone elseanyone else

e.g.e.g.

• He He paid his waypaid his way by acting as a programmer for a big by acting as a programmer for a big

computer company during the summer vacation.computer company during the summer vacation.

• During the recession, he managed to During the recession, he managed to pay his waypay his way by by

doing odd jobsdoing odd jobs

violate violate v.v.

—— break or be contrary to (a rule, principle, treaty, etc.)break or be contrary to (a rule, principle, treaty, etc.)

e.g.e.g.• You've You've violatedviolated the terms of your contract. the terms of your contract.• The arrest and detention of the protestors The arrest and detention of the protestors violated violated their their

civil liberties.civil liberties.

TranslateTranslate所有对自然规律的违背都将以毁灭而告终。所有对自然规律的违背都将以毁灭而告终。

KeyKey

All the All the violationviolation to the Natural Laws will result in to the Natural Laws will result in

destroying.destroying.

tentativetentative a.a.

—— hesitant; unsurehesitant; unsure

e.g.e.g.• He gave a He gave a tentativetentative smile. smile.• Our plans are still Our plans are still tentativetentative..

A suggestion or action that is A suggestion or action that is tentativetentative is something said is something said or done in a careful but uncertain way because one is or done in a careful but uncertain way because one is not sure if he is right or not.not sure if he is right or not.

more often than notmore often than not

—— quite frequentlyquite frequently

Translate into Chinese:Translate into Chinese:

And it bothered them And it bothered them —— which in itself is a hopeful sign which in itself is a hopeful sign that, more often than not, all is well.that, more often than not, all is well.

是这些东西困扰着他们是这些东西困扰着他们——其实这本身是个好兆头，它常常表其实这本身是个好兆头，它常常表明情况还不坏。明情况还不坏。

ExercisesExercises

• Comprehension • Vocabulary

• Listening

A.. Answer the following questions:

1.1. How did the other people in the restaurant react when the How did the other people in the restaurant react when the man started screaming?man started screaming?

Key: Key: They were stunned; all the other conversation in They were stunned; all the other conversation in

the room stopped, and everyone looked at the man.the room stopped, and everyone looked at the man.

ComprehensionComprehension

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. II, p. 225Ex. II, p. 225《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. II, p. 225Ex. II, p. 225

2.2. Why did the fifteen seconds seem Why did the fifteen seconds seem ““like an hourlike an hour””??

Key: Key: Because the manBecause the man''s behavior made everyone s behavior made everyone

very uncomfortable.very uncomfortable.



3.3. What explanation does the author find for the fact that peoplWhat explanation does the author find for the fact that people almost never start screaming in restaurants?e almost never start screaming in restaurants?

Key: Key: He sees it as an He sees it as an ““unwritten ruleunwritten rule” ” of human of human

behavior. behavior.



4.4. How important, according to the writer, are the customs that How important, according to the writer, are the customs that govern us?govern us?

Key: Key: He considers them more important than He considers them more important than

formal laws.formal laws.



5.5. What does he mean by What does he mean by ““our disintegrating societyour disintegrating society””??

Key: Key: He must be referring to the many difficult He must be referring to the many difficult

and confusing problems of modern society: and confusing problems of modern society:

stress, crime, war, etc.stress, crime, war, etc.



6.6. Why does he say Why does he say ““itit''s not at all clears not at all clear” ” why we obey the unwriwhy we obey the unwritten rules of human conduct? tten rules of human conduct?

Key: Key: Because we usually obey them even when Because we usually obey them even when

there's no one around, when it would be easy and there's no one around, when it would be easy and

safe to break them, and when it would be to our safe to break them, and when it would be to our

advantage to break them.advantage to break them.



7.7. The author presents four other illustrations to support his The author presents four other illustrations to support his general observation. What are they? general observation. What are they?

Key: Key: Drivers stopping at a red light late at night; Drivers stopping at a red light late at night;

spectators staying in their seats at sports events; spectators staying in their seats at sports events;

people paying their bills in restaurants and coffee people paying their bills in restaurants and coffee

shops; and a man who puts money in the parking shops; and a man who puts money in the parking

meter even if theremeter even if there''s no need to.s no need to.



8.8. In each of the four illustrations, what motivation is there for In each of the four illustrations, what motivation is there for people to break the unwritten rules?people to break the unwritten rules?

Key: Key: The drivers would get where theyThe drivers would get where they''re going re going

faster (and save a little gas); the spectators would faster (and save a little gas); the spectators would

experience the joy of expressing their emotions; experience the joy of expressing their emotions;

people in restaurants and the man with the people in restaurants and the man with the

parking meter would save money. parking meter would save money.



9.9. According to the author, what created the According to the author, what created the ““tentative tentative atmosphereatmosphere” ” in the restaurant following the manin the restaurant following the man’’s explosion? s explosion?

Key: Key: He says it was because of the fact that the He says it was because of the fact that the

manman''s behavior had violated something very s behavior had violated something very

basic about the way people are supposed to basic about the way people are supposed to

behave. behave.



10.10. What does the last sentence of the text mean?What does the last sentence of the text mean?


Key: Key: It means that in the authorIt means that in the author''s view, the fact s view, the fact

that people are bothered when the that people are bothered when the ““unwritten unwritten

rulesrules” ” are broken is a positive force that helps keep are broken is a positive force that helps keep

society decent and civilized.society decent and civilized.


B. You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his

point. What questions do point. What questions do the following statements raise? the following statements raise? One question is suggested for the first statement as an One question is suggested for the first statement as an example example for you to follow.for you to follow.


1.1. [T]here are no laws against such explosions …[T]here are no laws against such explosions …

Question: Question: Is it in fact that there are no laws against screaming in Is it in fact that there are no laws against screaming in public places?public places?


2.2. [I]t’s not at all clear why — even in our disintegrating s[I]t’s not at all clear why — even in our disintegrating society — we obey [the unwritten rules].ociety — we obey [the unwritten rules].

Questions: Questions: Is it true that our society is disintegrating? Is it unclear Is it true that our society is disintegrating? Is it unclear why people obey “the unwritten rules”?why people obey “the unwritten rules”?Is it in fact true that most people obey them? If most people Is it in fact true that most people obey them? If most people obey them, then why our society is disintegrating?obey them, then why our society is disintegrating?




3.3. Regardless of the emotion of the contest, the spectators sRegardless of the emotion of the contest, the spectators stay in their places and the athletes are safe in their part tay in their places and the athletes are safe in their part of arena.of arena.

Questions: Questions: Is it true that there are never fights or riots at sports Is it true that there are never fights or riots at sports events? Are “unwritten rules” the only thing that would events? Are “unwritten rules” the only thing that would prevent an excited spectator from becoming violent? Are prevent an excited spectator from becoming violent? Are there in fact no laws against violence at sports events, and there in fact no laws against violence at sports events, and no one to stop or arrest anyone who becomes violent?no one to stop or arrest anyone who becomes violent?




4.4. It’s just another unwritten rule of human conduct that pIt’s just another unwritten rule of human conduct that people automatically make good on their debts.eople automatically make good on their debts.

Questions: Questions: Is it in fact true that people automatically make good on Is it in fact true that people automatically make good on their debts? Are there no laws against leaving a restaurant their debts? Are there no laws against leaving a restaurant without paying?without paying?



VocabularyVocabulary


Word BuildingWord Building

Ex. III Ex. III Ex. IV Ex. IV Ex. V Ex. V

Ex. VI Ex. VI Ex. VII Ex. VII

III.III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.form where necessary.

1.1. We’re enjoying our holiday so much that we’ve decided We’re enjoying our holiday so much that we’ve decided to _____ it for three more weeks.to _____ it for three more weeks.

extendextend

2. 2. No, I don’t want a flat next to a construction site. It’s No, I don’t want a flat next to a construction site. It’s _____ because of all the noise at my old flat that I’m _____ because of all the noise at my old flat that I’m looking for a new one.looking for a new one.

preciselyprecisely


security

witness

explosionhopefularrest

absoluteextendscream

customspectatorviolateprecisely

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. III, p. 226Ex. III, p. 226《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. III, p. 226Ex. III, p. 226

3.3. A woman who _____ the accident said that both cars A woman who _____ the accident said that both cars were going at high speed when they crashed.were going at high speed when they crashed.

witnessedwitnessed

4.4. It’s certain to end in war if either side _____ the treaty It’s certain to end in war if either side _____ the treaty again.again.

violatesviolates



security

witness




5.5. Mrs. Williams _____ with terror when she saw that the Mrs. Williams _____ with terror when she saw that the man had a gun.man had a gun.

screamedscreamed

6.6. The financial situation might get better, but it doesn’t loThe financial situation might get better, but it doesn’t look very _____ right now.ok very _____ right now.

hopefulhopeful


security

witness





7.7. We have _____ confidence in our newly elected leaders.We have _____ confidence in our newly elected leaders.

absoluteabsolute

8.8. For the _____ of the passengers, all hand baggage is carFor the _____ of the passengers, all hand baggage is carefully checked.efully checked.

securitysecurity


security

witness





9.9. Tom was _____ last night for driving under the Tom was _____ last night for driving under the influence of alcohol.influence of alcohol.

arrestedarrested

10.10. The _____ cheered wildly when the team scored a goal iThe _____ cheered wildly when the team scored a goal in the final seconds of the match.n the final seconds of the match.

spectatorsspectators


security

witness





11.11. When visiting a foreign country, we must respect the When visiting a foreign country, we must respect the country’s _____.country’s _____.

customscustoms

12.12. People did not see the bomb dropping but they could People did not see the bomb dropping but they could hear the _____ several miles away.hear the _____ several miles away.

explosionexplosion


security

witness





IV.IV. Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other necessary changes as well.necessary changes as well.

1.1. An uneasy atmosphere was felt in the classroom as the An uneasy atmosphere was felt in the classroom as the

teacher returned our tests. teacher returned our tests. (hang)(hang)

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. IV, p. 227Ex. IV, p. 227《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. IV, p. 227Ex. IV, p. 227


An uneasy atmosphere was An uneasy atmosphere was hanging overhanging over the classroom as the classroom as the teacher returned our tests.the teacher returned our tests.

2.2. Very few of the laws that govern us are actually written Very few of the laws that govern us are actually written

down. down. (live)(live)


Very few of the laws that we Very few of the laws that we live bylive by are actually written are actually written down.down.


3.3. The boss lost his his temper and was screaming at us very The boss lost his his temper and was screaming at us very

loudly. loudly. (lungs)(lungs)


The boss lost his temper and was screaming at us The boss lost his temper and was screaming at us at the top at the top of his lungsof his lungs..


4.4. Tim always keeps a certain amount of money available in Tim always keeps a certain amount of money available in

case of an emergency. case of an emergency. (hand)(hand)


Tim always keeps a certain amount of money Tim always keeps a certain amount of money on handon hand in in case of an emergency.case of an emergency.


5.5. It isn’t for the purpose of entertainment that I’m watching It isn’t for the purpose of entertainment that I’m watching

TV; it’s my homework. TV; it’s my homework. (sake)(sake)


It isn’t for It isn’t for the sake of entertainmentthe sake of entertainment [or: [or:for entertainment’s for entertainment’s sakesake] that I’m watching TV; it’s my homework.] that I’m watching TV; it’s my homework.


6.6. Our company is doing very well; actually, we’ve doubled Our company is doing very well; actually, we’ve doubled

our sales. our sales. (matter)(matter)


Our company is doing very well; Our company is doing very well; as a matter of factas a matter of fact, we’ve , we’ve doubled our sales.doubled our sales.


7.7. When a man gets ahead in life, he usually owes his success When a man gets ahead in life, he usually owes his success

to a woman.to a woman.(than not)(than not)


When a man gets ahead in life, When a man gets ahead in life, more often than notmore often than not he owes he owes his success to a woman.his success to a woman.


8.8. Most people consider being rude to a teacher as Most people consider being rude to a teacher as

unacceptable as kicking a dog. unacceptable as kicking a dog. (no sooner)(no sooner)


Most people would Most people would no soonerno sooner be rude to a teacher be rude to a teacher thanthan kick kick a dog.a dog.


V.V. Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A. has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A. rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible) rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible) sentences.sentences.

1.1. author rules laws considers more than The absolute author rules laws considers more than The absolute

unwrittenunwritten

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. V, p. 227Ex. V, p. 227《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. V, p. 227Ex. V, p. 227


The author considers unwritten rules more absolute The author considers unwritten rules more absolute than law.than law.

2.2. customs society We obey when even disintegrating iscustoms society We obey when even disintegrating is



We obey customs even when society is disintegrating.We obey customs even when society is disintegrating.

3.3. people lights sake safety’s It stop for at that isn’t redpeople lights sake safety’s It stop for at that isn’t red



It isn’t for safety’s sake that people stop at red lights.It isn’t for safety’s sake that people stop at red lights.

4.4. people debts He’s their make usually on that surprised goopeople debts He’s their make usually on that surprised goo

dd



He’s surprised that people usually make good on their He’s surprised that people usually make good on their debts.debts.

5.5. guards hand security athletes are ensure There the the on guards hand security athletes are ensure There the the on

too to of fewtoo to of few



There are too few guards on hand to ensure the There are too few guards on hand to ensure the security of the athletes.security of the athletes.

6.6. restaurant People bills walking be their out on for would arestaurant People bills walking be their out on for would a

rrestedrrested



People would be arrested for walking out on their People would be arrested for walking out on their restaurant bills.restaurant bills.

Exercises Exercises • • Word BuildingWord Building

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VI, p. 227Ex. VI, p. 227《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VI, p. 227Ex. VI, p. 227


SuffixSuffix

-ty-ty

to mean:to mean:the state or the state or quality of being quality of being [adjective][adjective]

to be added to:to be added to:adjectivesadjectives

and to mean:and to mean:something which something which is [adjective]is [adjective]safesafe ++ -ty-ty safetysafety

a. a. n. n.

Example:Example:

Complete the sentences below with Complete the sentences below with –ty–ty nouns formed from the follow nouns formed from the following adjectives.ing adjectives.


cruelcruel novelnovel

entireentire royalroyal

subtlesubtle loyal loyal

specialspecial certaincertain

crueltycruelty noveltynovelty

entiretyentirety royaltyroyalty

subtletysubtlety loyaltyloyalty

specialtyspecialty certaintycertainty



1.1. In such difficult economic circumstances, it’s a _____ that pIn such difficult economic circumstances, it’s a _____ that prices will go up again soon.rices will go up again soon.

certaintycertainty

crueltycruelty

2.2. In the 19th century there were more laws against _____ to aIn the 19th century there were more laws against _____ to animals than there were to protect children’s rights.nimals than there were to protect children’s rights.


3.3. The internet is popular mainly because of its _____. Within The internet is popular mainly because of its _____. Within a few years, people will get bored with it.a few years, people will get bored with it.

noveltynovelty

loyaltyloyalty

4.4. You can’t count on your employees’ devotion — workers ofYou can’t count on your employees’ devotion — workers often show more _____.ten show more _____.



5.5. I recommend the duck at this restaurant — it’s one of their I recommend the duck at this restaurant — it’s one of their _____._____.

specialtiesspecialties

royaltyroyalty

6.6. The 1990s were very difficult for British _____. When CharThe 1990s were very difficult for British _____. When Charles and Diana divorced, many people felt that the monarchy les and Diana divorced, many people felt that the monarchy (( 君主政体君主政体 ) was disintegrating.) was disintegrating.



7.7. I only meant to look at one article, but I ended up reading tI only meant to look at one article, but I ended up reading the magazine in its _____.he magazine in its _____.

entiretyentirety

subtletysubtlety

8.8. Your poem is full of clichés and obvious ideas; it completely Your poem is full of clichés and obvious ideas; it completely lacks _____.lacks _____.



《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VII, p. 228Ex. VII, p. 228《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VII, p. 228Ex. VII, p. 228


SuffixSuffix

-less-less

to form:to form:adjectivesadjectives

to be added to:to be added to:nounsnouns

to mean:to mean:lacking [noun]lacking [noun]

A.A. Look at the four sets of words below. One of the suffixes listed Look at the four sets of words below. One of the suffixes listed above can be added to each set. Decide which suffix goes with above can be added to each set. Decide which suffix goes with each set, then use the suffix to form new words. (The words you each set, then use the suffix to form new words. (The words you form are syllabus words for you to learn.)form are syllabus words for you to learn.)


Set 1Set 1

worthworth doubtdoubt

hopehope restrest

worthlessworthless doubtlessdoubtless

hopelesshopeless restlessrestless


SuffixSuffix

-ful-ful



to mean:to mean:full of full of [noun][noun]

Set 2Set 2

doubtdoubt skillskill



doubtfuldoubtful skillfulskillful


SuffixSuffix

-al-al



to mean:to mean:of/related of/related to [noun]to [noun]

Set 3Set 3

accidentaccident experimentexperiment

operationoperation



accidentalaccidental experimentalexperimental

operationaloperational


SuffixSuffix

-ment-ment

to to form:form:nounsnouns

to be added to be added to:to:

verbsverbs

to mean:to mean:the process or result the process or result of [verb]ingof [verb]ing

Set 4Set 4

announceannounce arrangearrange

engageengage establishestablish

involveinvolve replacereplace

shipship statestate

commitcommit


announcementannouncement arrangementarrangement

engagementengagement establishmentestablishment

involvementinvolvement replacementreplacement

shipmentshipment statementstatement

commitmentcommitment


B.B. Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in the following sentences.the following sentences.


1.1. The new machines are not yet fully _____; they still need to The new machines are not yet fully _____; they still need to be adjusted.be adjusted.

operationaloperational

replacementreplacement

2.2. When their first cultural translator retired, the company haWhen their first cultural translator retired, the company had a hard time finding a _____ for him.d a hard time finding a _____ for him.



3.3. After three days on the boat, I was quite bored and _____ aAfter three days on the boat, I was quite bored and _____ and eager for any sort of fun.nd eager for any sort of fun.

restlessrestless

4.4. Mother Teresa’s deep _____ to helping the poor was an insMother Teresa’s deep _____ to helping the poor was an inspiration to millions.piration to millions.

commitmentcommitment



accidentalaccidental

5.5. The police were suspicious at first, but finally declared the The police were suspicious at first, but finally declared the young man’s death ______.young man’s death ______.

6.6. After their bitter quarrel, Brian’s further _____ in EdwarAfter their bitter quarrel, Brian’s further _____ in Edward’s project is highly ______.d’s project is highly ______.

involvement; doubtfulinvolvement; doubtful



7.7. The young couple are busy making all the _____ for their wThe young couple are busy making all the _____ for their wedding.edding.

arrangementsarrangements

worthlessworthless

8.8. As anyone who collects stamps knows, even the most valuabAs anyone who collects stamps knows, even the most valuable stamps can become quite ____ if they aren’t handled prole stamps can become quite ____ if they aren’t handled properly.perly.



9.9. Translating is like any other art: The more you practice it, tTranslating is like any other art: The more you practice it, the more _____ you become.he more _____ you become.

skillfulskillful

YYou’re going to hear the following text-related ou’re going to hear the following text-related conversation. The conversation printed in your textbook is conversation. The conversation printed in your textbook is not in the correct order. As you listen to the first time, not in the correct order. As you listen to the first time, number the speeches in the order in which you hear them. number the speeches in the order in which you hear them. (The first two have been numbered for you as examples.)(The first two have been numbered for you as examples.)

Exercises Exercises • • ListeningListening

《听说教程 II 》 : Part 3.3, p. 113Part 3.3, p. 113《听说教程 II 》 : Part 3.3, p. 113Part 3.3, p. 113

Answer QuestionsAnswer QuestionsAnswer QuestionsAnswer Questions

Answer QuestionsAnswer Questions

1.1. What does Susan think at first when she hears Marge?What does Susan think at first when she hears Marge?

At first Susan thinks that Marge is sick or hurt.

2.2. Why does Marge want to “free her inner animal”?Why does Marge want to “free her inner animal”?

To relieve stress and experience her emotions in a new

way.


3.3. What makes Marge think Susan needs to try this therapy?What makes Marge think Susan needs to try this therapy?

She thinks Susan is letting the rules of polite behavior

take over her personality.

4.4. What are Susan’s reasons for not trying it?What are Susan’s reasons for not trying it?

It’s too embarrassing and strange, and she doesn’t feel c

omfortable with it.



5.5. What’s Susan’s final request?What’s Susan’s final request?

She wants Marge to stop howling.



ScriptScriptScriptScript


11 Marge:Marge: Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu!Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu!

22 Susan: Susan: Marge, what’s wrong, what hurts, lie down, shall Marge, what’s wrong, what hurts, lie down, shall I call a doctor?I call a doctor?

33 Marge:Marge: Oh! Hi, Susan, I didn’t notice you’d come home.Oh! Hi, Susan, I didn’t notice you’d come home.

44 Susan: Susan: But what’s wrong? You were moaning! You’re in But what’s wrong? You were moaning! You’re in pain?!pain?!

55 Marge:Marge: No, I’m fine! I was practising a new form of No, I’m fine! I was practising a new form of therapy I learned about at the Women’s Health therapy I learned about at the Women’s Health Club meeting last night. The idea is to free your Club meeting last night. The idea is to free your inner animal. It relieves stress and helps you inner animal. It relieves stress and helps you experience your emotions in a new way. It’s great, experience your emotions in a new way. It’s great, try it! Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu!try it! Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu!

66 Susan: Susan: Stop it!Stop it!

77 Marge:Marge: Oh come on, try it! You’ll like it.Oh come on, try it! You’ll like it.

88 Susan: Susan: I can’t! It’s embarrassing. It’s too strange.I can’t! It’s embarrassing. It’s too strange.

99 Marge:Marge: So what? Just because it’s strange doesn’t mean So what? Just because it’s strange doesn’t mean there’s something wrong with it. You’re in your there’s something wrong with it. You’re in your own home, no one’s watching, you don’t have to own home, no one’s watching, you don’t have to behave properly!behave properly!

1010 Susan: Susan: I know I don’t have to, I just don’t feel I know I don’t have to, I just don’t feel comfortable with it, okay?comfortable with it, okay?

1111 Marge:Marge: And that’s precisely why you need this kind of And that’s precisely why you need this kind of therapy, Susan — you’re letting the rules of polite therapy, Susan — you’re letting the rules of polite behavior take over your personality.behavior take over your personality.

1212 Susan:Susan: I don’t see anything wrong with the rules of polite I don’t see anything wrong with the rules of polite behavior — if we didn’t have them, civilization behavior — if we didn’t have them, civilization would disintegrate! We’d all be acting like … like would disintegrate! We’d all be acting like … like animals!animals!

1313 Marge:Marge: But human beings are animals. It’s unhealthy to But human beings are animals. It’s unhealthy to behave artificially all the time. It creates too mucbehave artificially all the time. It creates too muc

h h stress, and look at all the problems stress causes: stress, and look at all the problems stress causes: heart attacks, nervous breakdowns, wars, heart attacks, nervous breakdowns, wars, murders, suicides, divorces! All because of some murders, suicides, divorces! All because of some silly “rules of polite behavior”.silly “rules of polite behavior”.

1414 Susan:Susan: I don’t care. I can’t make myself howl like an I don’t care. I can’t make myself howl like an animal.animal.

1515 Marge:Marge: Okay, don’t then! It’s your business. Okay, don’t then! It’s your business. Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu!Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu!

1616 Susan:Susan: Marge …Marge …

1717 Marge:Marge: Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu!Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu!

1818 Susan:Susan: Marge! Will you please stop that?! I don’t feel Marge! Will you please stop that?! I don’t feel comfortable with you doing it either.comfortable with you doing it either.

AssignmentAssignment

1.1. Ex. IX. p. 230;Ex. IX. p. 230;2.2. Ex. X. p. 230;Ex. X. p. 230;3.3. Ex. XI. p. 231Ex. XI. p. 231

unit 8: part a unwritten rules 21st century college english: book 2

Documents

tim tim

tjt jtt slide

red lights

screaming voice

question of decent

question of safety

room people

phrases usages key words